Tourism Technical Infrastructure System Indicators

Number of tourists, structure of tourists...) also need to be developed continuously and sustainably.

1.2.2. Technical infrastructure system indicators for tourism

The tourism infrastructure system (including accommodation establishments, travel agencies and agents, entertainment and resort areas, tourist areas, tourism products, etc.) is a measure reflecting the level of development of the tourism industry. The development in both quantity, type and quality of the tourism infrastructure system, on the one hand, meets all the needs of all types of guests, on the other hand, contributes significantly to attracting and attracting guests, ensuring the sustainable development of the industry. To have a high-quality infrastructure system, the issue of investment is very important. If there is no investment, or the investment is not synchronous, the infrastructure system in the industry will be poor, outdated, of poor quality and unable to attract tourists, unable to retain long-term guests, reducing their spending ability, leading to a decrease in revenue and thus directly affecting the sustainable development of tourism .

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1.2.3. Tourism human resource indicators

Tourism is an industry with high demand for a workforce. Therefore, in tourism activities, the quality of the workforce is always an important factor of decisive significance. This becomes even more urgent in the context of fierce competition in tourism activities. The quality of the workforce will directly affect the quality of tourism products, service quality and ultimately affect business efficiency and the growth of other tourism indicators. Thus, the quality of the trained workforce is not only a factor in attracting visitors, enhancing the reputation of the industry and the country, but also an important factor in competing to attract visitors, ensuring sustainable tourism development. Training tourism staff in a sustainable professional direction, in addition to good professional skills, good communication skills, and proficiency in foreign languages, needs to be equipped with knowledge of resources, environmental management, environmental economics, environmental law, and

A broad knowledge system about society. Technically, training a team of staff to become experts in many different fields who understand ecological relationships and can help people and tourists in using resources better. The development in both quantity, quality and structure of the tourism workforce will ensure the development of quality of products, quality of tourism services and thus will contribute significantly to the development of DLBV .

1.2.4. Indicators of responsibility in tourism promotion activities

Tourism promotion activities are of particular importance in attracting tourists. Responsibility in promotion activities through providing complete and honest information about destinations and tourism products will create trust for tourists and directly affect the ability to attract tourists. The increase in the number of tourists means economic growth through tourism activities.

1.2.5. Indicators on resource and environmental protection

Tourism development must exploit and use resource potentials and environmental conditions reasonably and effectively. The exploitation and use of resources for tourism development must be managed and monitored to meet current needs on the one hand, and ensure future tourism development needs on the other hand. With this goal, in the development process, the tourism industry must make positive contributions to the work of resource restoration and environmental protection... to minimize the impacts of tourism activities on environmental resources.

1.2.6. Indicators of satisfaction and cooperation of local communities with tourism activities

To ensure sustainable development of tourism, it is necessary to have the support and cooperation of local communities - owners of tourism resources. If there is support and cooperation from the community, they will be the ones to protect the resources.

resources and environment. Therefore, the level of satisfaction of the community with tourism activities will reflect the level of sustainability of tourism in the development process. To gain satisfaction and cooperation from the local community, their role - benefits - responsibilities must be given top priority, specifically: promoting the role of the community in participating in the construction and implementation of tourism development planning, promoting the role of the local community in supervising the implementation of tourism development investment projects in the province. Strengthening the capacity and level of community participation in tourism business activities in the area, creating opportunities and priorities for the community to participate in investment in construction and development of tourism in the area to improve living standards and create jobs for the community, the general social welfare of the community is enhanced thanks to tourism development activities in the area. (Pham Trung Luong and authors, 2002)

1.3. Factors affecting sustainable tourism development

1.3.1. Tourism resources

Tourism resources are natural landscapes, historical relics, revolutionary relics, human values, and creative works of human labor that can be used to satisfy tourism needs; they are the basic elements for forming tourist spots and tourist areas to create tourist attractions. Tourism resources include two groups:

- Natural tourism resources such as: land, water, climate, organisms, minerals... create landscapes, terrains, play an important role and are a basic factor for tourism development. Any country with many natural resources has great potential to attract many tourists to visit.

- Human resources include: the system of historical relics, cultural relics, customs, festivals... are basic factors for tourism development. (Tran Thi Mai, 2006)

1.3.2. Technical facilities and infrastructure equipment

Infrastructure and equipment are indispensable issues and important conditions.

important to develop tourism and it has a great influence on attracting tourists to tourist destinations, it includes:

- Transportation network: is a decisive factor in tourism development as well as exploiting local tourism potentials. Only a convenient transportation network can attract tourists to tourist destinations.

- Communication network and internet: help to exchange information, easily search for tourist destinations that you like, from there plan your trip to make your trip more convenient. On the other hand, thanks to the information network and internet, it will help to connect tourism businesses with each other, exchange experiences and develop together.

Tourism infrastructure: including equipment, facilities, and necessary facilities to welcome tourists, accommodation for tourists, entertainment areas... are important factors to satisfy the needs of tourists for rest and entertainment, thereby attracting more tourists . (Vu Duc Minh, 2011)

1.2.3. Quality of human resources in the tourism industry

Is an important factor in the development of tourism. The quality of business activities is greatly influenced by the use of quality labor or not because laborers working in tourism not only perform their professional tourism work, they also perform the important task of cultural exchange, communicating with tourists to make them feel excited while traveling. (Vu Duc Minh, 2011)

1.3.4. Factors affecting demand for tourism services

Firstly, the level of culture: the higher the awareness of people, the more they enjoy exploring the world, nature, entertainment and relaxation, the more their needs and motivation to travel increase. According to some surveys, if the head of the family has a high school education, the rate of traveling is 65%, with a college degree, this rate is 75%, with a university degree, this rate is up to 85%.

Second, income level (or living conditions): this is an important factor to

tourism development. When people's income increases, in addition to spending on food and clothing, they are willing to spend on services, including tourism.

Finally, free time: most people travel when they are free (holidays, vacations, weekends...). Therefore, this factor is also very important for tourism development. (Vu Duc Minh, 2011)

1.3.5. Tourism development policies

As a factor that greatly affects the development of tourism, with a certain policy, tourism development can be restrained or promoted. Tourism development policy is part of the general development policy, the socio-economic development policy, so tourism development is also implementing the general development of society. (Vu Duc Minh, 2011)

1.3.6. Community participation

The participation of the community in tourism activities makes tourism develop more sustainably. The participation of the community not only creates income for them but also increases their responsibility in tourism development. This participation is extremely necessary and indispensable. The above are just some of the main factors for tourism development in each locality. Depending on each locality, there are other factors with their own characteristics. However, these factors are not separate from each other but combine together into a unified block that creates strength for successful tourism development. (Vu Duc Minh, 2011)

1.3. Some domestic and international experiences in sustainable tourism development

1.3.1. Some international experiences

- Experience in developing sustainable tourism in Malaysia: In Malaysia, sustainable tourism development must be based on the conservation of rare genetic resources, biodiversity values and traditional cultural values to create unique sustainable tourism products. With this goal, Malaysia has built a homestay program in the village of Desa Murni on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur, from which it has been expanded to other places in Malaysia. Tourists participating in the homestay program

Homestays are warmly welcomed by the local people, considered as family members and directly participate in the daily activities of the people. This is the factor that attracts tourists. (Nguyen Minh Tue, 1999)

- Experience in developing tourism in Thailand: research on potential sources is very important, it is the basis for planning and organizing the management of cultural tourism. In the 70s and 80s of the 20th century, Thailand became a country with a rapidly developing tourism industry. From the success of the campaign to promote the image of Thailand: "Amazing Thailand" for the second time. In 1999 alone, the number of international tourists to Thailand reached 8,580,332 people, an increase of 10.5% compared to 1998 (Thavarasukha, 2005). The rapid growth of the tourism industry in Thailand has led to the degradation of the environment and cultural tourism resources of the whole country... This has prompted Thailand to develop tourism. Since 1994, the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) has required projects to be implemented in cultural and environmental resource areas to have a study of the resources in the area (UNWTO, 2010). The Thai government's tourism policy in recent years has been more oriented towards sustainable tourism development. TAT has tried to analyze the valuable lessons to develop a plan for the sustainable development of the Thai tourism industry. Cultural tourism is one of the strategies to move towards the sustainable development of the Thai tourism industry. (Thavarasukha, 2005)

- Experience in sustainable tourism development in Yunnan - China: Yunnan is a province of China with a mostly mountainous terrain (accounting for 80% of the area), land for agriculture is very limited, so the government needs to have policies for socio-economic development, population planning, and reasonable land use. Tourism development here is under good management of the State through reasonable planning with the participation and coordination between sectors and localities. Yunnan has many famous tourist areas with many nuances and unique habitats, creating a diverse development of tourism in the province. With a highly unified management of tourism resources combined with the participation of the community, it creates a foundation for tourism here to develop sustainably and long-term. The planning of tourist areas here follows the rules of the market but

has a clear orientation. In the process of planning tourism, there is the participation of many experts with experience in fields such as: construction, architecture, tourism, travel, culture and environment... The province's planning is in a sustainable direction, parallel to tourism development is the preservation of national identity, environmental protection and protection of tourism landscapes. In tourist locations, there are clear regulations for managers, business people and tourists to strictly implement. Accommodation facilities and services for tourists must follow a unified model suitable for the tourist area, there is no phenomenon of soliciting customers to buy goods, begging, social evils... The provincial government supports local residents to develop traditional occupations by opening vocational training classes, lending capital to establish handicraft production facilities... These activities have helped increase income opportunities, solve employment problems and reduce pressure on natural resources . (Doan Lieng Diem, 2003)

1.3.2. Some domestic experiences

- Experience in developing sustainable tourism in Hoi An : affirming the potential and advantages of tourism, while clearly recognizing the value of the world cultural and natural heritages recognized by UNESCO (Hoi An Ancient Town, My Son Relics and Cu Lao Cham World Biosphere Reserve). In recent years, Quang Nam province has always considered the preservation and promotion of cultural values and the development of sustainable tourism as the top priority task. Along with the preservation, restoration and renovation of tangible cultural heritage values, it is necessary to preserve customs, practices, traditional festivals, religions, beliefs and folk arts imbued with the culture of Quang Nam. At the same time, the province also mobilizes the community to participate in the preservation of cultural heritage values. "The work of promoting cultural heritage values associated with tourism development has achieved some positive results, creating a tourism brand for Quang Nam, especially Hoi An Ancient Town and My Son Relics". Hoi An City has decided on the direction of "Sustainable development of Hoi An tourism on the basis of linking culture and ecology" from the practices in the process of preserving and promoting heritage values associated with tourism such as: developing tourism based on the basis of preserving culture and environment; developing products

tourism products associated with heritage; building cultural tourism products associated with tourism culture; planning towards sustainable development and enhancing information to raise awareness of people and tourists... Besides building high-quality tourism products, the issue of heritage protection, creating a harmonious relationship of interests between parties participating in heritage exploitation and protection must be put first. Only by protecting heritage in the best way can heritage bring benefits to those who exploit heritage and this is also among the activities towards sustainable development. (Nguyen Quyet Thang, 2012)

- Experience in developing sustainable tourism in Phong Nha Ke Bang: in addition to the increase in the number of tourists, the infrastructure in Phong Nha - Ke Bang serving tourists has also been upgraded, the environment has been cared for, preserved, the quality of tourism services has been raised a step and the local community has increasingly actively participated in tourism activities. That has helped Phong Nha - Ke Bang gain satisfaction from tourists when coming here. Phong Nha - Ke Bang tourism industry also plays an important role in solving employment, increasing income for people, contributing to hunger eradication and poverty reduction, and positively contributing to socio-economic development. Social evils related to tourism such as prostitution, drugs, crime... do not tend to increase and are always under the control of local authorities. However, with a large number of tourists coming to Phong Nha - Ke Bang and increasing rapidly every year, Phong Nha - Ke Bang has to face a huge amount of waste, the ecological tourism environment is greatly affected, the length of stay is short (average 1 day/guest), and the tourism business efficiency is still low. Faced with the above problems, in order to orient the province's tourism industry towards the goal of developing sustainable tourism, the Provincial People's Committee has directed the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Quang Binh province to coordinate with relevant sectors and organizations to gradually remove obstacles such as issuing tourism policies on conservation and restoration; investment incentive policies; human resource development policies; policies to support people in producing environmentally friendly products, traditional products; especially policies to support and stabilize the lives of ethnic minorities living in the tourist area, mobilizing them to actively participate in activities.

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