Exploiting the value of Thuy Nguyen pagoda system to serve tourism development - 2

Corresponding to the Samyutta Nikaya

Minor Collection

Mahayana Buddhism calls the above five sutras by other names: Long A-gama, Middle A-gama, Middle One A-gama, Ekottara A-gama, Miscellaneous A-gama, Small A-gama...

Vinaya is a book that records the precepts established by the Buddha as a framework for the life and practice of disciples, especially for those who have left home to practice.

The Abhidharma Pitaka is a collection of books compiled by Bodhisattvas after the death of Buddha Shakyamuni, with the aim of systematically introducing Buddhist teachings, criticizing and correcting erroneous perceptions, and countering other attacks and distortions of Buddhist teachings.

1.1.3. Buddhist concept

Buddhism's view of the world and human beings is systematic and deeply philosophical.

Concept of the world: Buddhism believes that the world is a material world that is always moving and changing without beginning or end, without beginning or end. The change of the world, the birth and death of things and phenomena are not due to external laws, but are self-created. Buddhist books call it: "Self-created cause and effect". Things and phenomena that people perceive through their appearance are only false, without real form. Or in other words, for people, the objective world exists as an illusion, not real.

Buddhism also brings the concept of space. Buddhism believes that time is infinite, space is endless. Only when examining each thing and phenomenon separately can Buddhism see the limits of time and space, that is, there is a beginning and an end.

Concept of human: Buddhism believes that human is not born of God or any divine being.

Human beings are a combination of five aggregates: form, feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness.

The physiological part "form aggregate" is the spirit and form created by 4 material elements: Earth creates the hard part: bones, hair, six internal organs, five internal organs.

Water makes blood, bile sweat…

Fire creates body heat.

Wind creates breath, air in the body.

The psychological part includes: "feeling aggregate", "perception aggregate", "action aggregate", "consciousness aggregate" expressed by: love, hate, anger, joy, happiness, sorrow, desire.

When the five aggregates come together, it is called birth. When the five aggregates disintegrate, it is called death. Therefore, humans are just an illusion, not real.

Buddhism believes that when a person dies, their soul is immortal and continues to reincarnate into another life.

The path to salvation: Is the basic doctrine of Buddhist teachings. Buddhist books refer to the "Four Noble Truths" or "Four Holy Truths": suffering, origin, cessation, and path.

The Noble Truth of Suffering: Is the truth about the suffering of human life. Buddhism believes that “Life is a sea of ​​suffering”. Being born, growing old, getting sick and dying are all suffering; not getting what you want is suffering; having to be separated from the person you love is suffering; having to live with bad people you don’t like is also suffering…

The Noble Truth of Suffering: Is the truth that talks about the cause of suffering. The cause of suffering is due to the “twelve causes and conditions”: ignorance, action and consciousness, name and form, six sense bases, contact, craving, feeling, existence, birth, aging, and death.

The truth of cessation: Is the truth to leave asceticism. To end suffering, one must go against the movement of the twelve links of dependent origination, starting with the eradication of ignorance. When ignorance is destroyed, wisdom is enlightened, and there is no more greed, then one can escape the cycle of birth and death.

The Truth of the Path: Is the truth that talks about the path to follow. In addition to using wisdom to eliminate ignorance, Buddhism also advocates the practice of eliminating greed.

Noble Eightfold Path: Eight paths of practice.

Be honest, do no wrong.

Righteous action.

Avoid evil, do good.

Live by honest profession.

Always think about the Dharma, get rid of wrong thoughts.

Have a correct view of religion, have faith in liberation. Correct thinking, especially the correct meaning of the Four Noble Truths.

The three studies are: Discipline, Concentration, Wisdom.

Precepts: Are prohibitions and regulations that help people practice without making mistakes.

Concentration: Is a method to help practitioners not to let their body and mind be distracted, and to eliminate bad thoughts.

Wisdom: People who eliminate ignorance and greed, only do good deeds, and seek benefits for living beings.

1.1.4. The process of introducing and developing Buddhism in Vietnam

Buddhism was introduced to Vietnam from India in the early years of the Christian era by Indian monks and merchants who came to Vietnam by sea. When Buddhism developed, the earliest Buddhist center in our country was Luy Lau (Thuan Thanh, Bac Ninh).

At that time in Giao Chau, there was a Chinese man named Mau Bao (also known as Mau Tu), born around 165-170, who fled to Vietnam to seek refuge. Because he refused to become an official with Prince Sy Nhiep, he studied Buddhism and Sanskrit with Indian monks and was well-versed in Buddhism. He wrote the book Ly Hoac Luan (discussing how to deal with delusions and errors) consisting of 37 questions and answers introducing Buddhism. The book also stated that Buddhism in Giao Chau was directly transmitted from India, not from China.

During the development of Buddhism, it was divided into two sects: Hinayana and Mahayana. Hinayana means small vehicle, implying that it only waits for one person. The Hinayana sect advocates following the teachings of Buddha Shakyamuni, strictly observing the precepts, Buddhists only worship Buddha Shakyamuni and only enlighten themselves. The Hinayana sect developed to the South such as Sri Lanka, Thailand, Southeast Asia, so it is called Southern Sect.

Mahayana means a large vehicle. It implies being able to carry many people. Mahayana advocates not being rigid or rigid in following the teachings, being generous in implementing the precepts, accepting all those who want to take refuge, attain enlightenment, worshiping many Buddhas including Bodhisattvas. Mahayana developed in the North such as China, Korea, Japan... so it is also called Northern Buddhism.

Buddhism was first transmitted to Vietnam directly from India, so Buddhism in Vietnam was initially Theravada-Southern Buddhism. Later, when Chinese Zen masters came to propagate Buddhism in Vietnam, they brought with them Mahayana colors, and Mahayana gradually became dominant.

When Buddhism was introduced to Vietnam, the beliefs of our people at that time were polytheistic: Thunder god, Lightning god, Cloud god, Rain god, Mountain god, River god, Banyan tree god, Kitchen god... Buddhism was integrated with indigenous beliefs, so it was easily accepted by the people. The theory of "Cause and effect" and "Karma" was consistent with the concept of God punishing the wicked and helping the good. The theory of "Reincarnation" was consistent with the concept of the soul existing after the body has dissolved for the deceased...[9;25]

Buddhism when entering Vietnam also included 3 sects:

Pure Land Buddhism.

1.2. Human tourism resources

1.2.1. Concept

Human tourism resources are understood as human creative resources including: Historical and cultural relics, festivals, customs and contemporary works created by human society and communities, which attract tourists, have entertainment and enjoyment effects with practical meaning and are put into exploitation to serve tourism development.[11;36]

1.2.2. Characteristics

It is a human tourism resource concentrated in residential areas in both rural and urban areas, both mountainous and plain areas, coastal and island areas.

Visiting and learning about human tourism resources has more cognitive effects, the entertainment effects are atypical or have secondary significance.

Exploration of man-made objects is done in a short period of time. It usually lasts a few hours, or even a few minutes, which is suitable for the type of cognitive tourism that follows the route.

People interested in cultural tourism resources often have high cultural level, income and high enjoyment requirements.

The great advantage of human tourism resources is that most of them are not seasonal, less dependent on meteorological conditions and other natural conditions.

The interests of people who seek out cultural tourism resources are complex and highly variable.

Human tourism resources impact in each stage:

Information stage: At this stage, tourists receive the most general information, through word of mouth or mass media, so the subject may not be very clear.

Contact stage: This is the stage where tourists need to have visual contact with the object, even though it is just a passing glance, but it is a real observation.

Cognitive stage: At this stage, tourists become more familiar with the object in a more basic way, delve deeper into its content, and have a longer exposure time.

Evaluation stage: at this stage, based on their own cognitive life experiences, tourists compare this object with objects close to it.

Usually, getting acquainted with cultural tourism resources stops at the first two stages, while the stage of awareness and evaluation is for tourists with general cultural level and high expertise.

1.2.3. Classification

1.2.3.1. Intangible cultural tourism resources

Spiritual products of historical, cultural and scientific value preserved through memory, writing, oral transmission, craft transmission, performance and other forms of preservation and transmission, including: language, writing, literary works, art, oral linguistics, folk performances, lifestyles, festivals, secrets of traditional crafts, knowledge of traditional medicine, culinary culture, traditional ethnic costumes and other folk knowledge.[11;40]

1.2.3.2. Physical and cultural tourism resources.

Are material products of historical, cultural and scientific value, including: Historical - cultural relics, scenic spots, relics, antiquities, national treasures, historical faces, witnesses of the ages.[11;41]

The human and material tourism resources in our country are rich, diverse, unique, carrying historical and cultural values, closely linked to the history of the country's formation and development, including: archaeological relics, architectural and artistic relics, historical relics, and contemporary works. In which, architectural and artistic relics such as pagodas,