CHAPTER 2
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STATUS IN LAM DONG PROVINCE TO 2008
2.1 On implementing key tourism development targets
2.1.1 Socio-economic situation and tourism infrastructure system
2.1.1.1 Socio-economic situation
- Economic:
Implementing the Resolution of the Provincial Party Congress, over the past decade, Lam Dong's economy has achieved remarkable achievements. The province has mobilized and focused investment resources for local socio-economic development, achieving good results: Total social investment capital in the period of 2001 - 2005 reached 9,250 billion VND, equivalent to 42.1% of GDP, nearly 3 times higher than the period of 1996 - 2000. The period of 2006 - 2008 reached over 15,500 billion VND, equivalent to 44.3% of GDP; it is estimated that the 5-year period of 2006 - 2010 is 3.2 times higher than the period of 2001 - 2005.
Of the total social development investment capital in the period 2006 - 2008, domestic investment accounted for 90.7%, foreign investment accounted for 9.3%; State budget capital accounted for 38.5%. Up to now, Lam Dong has attracted 538 domestic investment projects with registered capital of 62,000 billion VND, of which 346 domestic investment projects have been agreed or licensed for investment with capital of over 40,000 billion VND, 113 foreign investment projects are still in effect, with registered capital of 470 million USD, and realized capital of 183 million USD. In general, in recent years, the number of investment projects in the province has increased rapidly, demonstrating the potential, strengths and mechanisms and policies of the province have been effectively promoted, creating interest and attracting domestic and foreign investors.
The above results in mobilizing investment resources have been
important contribution to the socio-economic development of the locality. Speed
GDP growth rate is always higher than the national average, in the period 2001 - 2005 it reached 10.7%/year and in the 3 years 2006 - 2008 it was 15%/year. Average income per capita in 2000 reached 2.8 million VND, in 2005 it reached 6.1 million VND, in 2007 it reached 9.72 million VND and increased to 12.5 million VND in 2008. State budget revenue in 2000 only reached 406 billion, in 2005 it reached 1,203 billion, in 2007 it reached 1,844 billion VND and in 2008 it reached 2,200 billion. The economic structure has shifted towards progress, sector I (agriculture, forestry and fishery) is decreasing; sector II (industry and construction) and sector III (services) are increasing.
In 2000, region I accounted for 67.7%, by 2008 it decreased to 50.9%, correspondingly region II increased from 11% to 17% and region III increased from 21.3% to 31.4% in the province's economic structure.
The economy has developed positively, following the determined direction in the agricultural sector thanks to the focus on applying high technology associated with promoting the potential strengths of the locality, so the production value of the whole industry has achieved an average increase of 10.8%/year, more than 2 times higher than the average increase of the whole country. The production value per hectare of cultivated land increased from 27.6 million VND in 2005 to 40 million VND/year in 2008, with 160,000 hectares/280,000 hectares generating an income of over 50 million VND/year.
The industrial sector also achieved an average production value growth of 21.6% per year (17.9% in 2001-2005). In addition to the processing industry of the province's key products, the hydroelectric industry has developed strongly, and the mineral exploitation industry, especially the exploitation and processing of bauxite ore, has initially been well implemented.
Lam Dong province's economy is gradually stabilizing and developing, the income of people in the province is constantly increasing, the increasing demand for tourism is also one of the driving forces promoting investment in tourism development of the locality.
- Population and ethnicity:
Lam Dong's population by early 2008 was approximately 1,180 thousand people, of which women accounted for 51.1% of the population, and the rural population was nearly 650 thousand people, accounting for more than 61%. The community consists of over 40 ethnic groups living together, of which Kinh people account for 77%; K'Ho accounts for 12%; Ma accounts for 2.5%; Churu accounts for 1.5%, Hoa accounts for 1.5% and other ethnic minorities such as Chill, Stieng, etc., account for less than 1%. Ethnic minorities live in 96/145 communes of the province. In addition to the local ethnic minorities (74% of households, 76% of the population), there are also 24% of other ethnic minorities from the northern border provinces migrating to Lam Dong such as Tay, Nung, accounting for about 4%.
The Kinh ethnic group is the majority and lives mainly in urban areas and lowland areas. Ethnic minorities are scattered throughout Lam Dong province, mainly residing in high mountains and deep forests.
Historically, the Ma, K'ho, and Churu people have a special place in the history of ethnic groups in Lam Dong. The Ma were the first people to live in Lam Dong and were once a powerful tribe in the Southern Central Highlands. Like the K'Ho and Churu people, the Ma still retain many unique cultural activities, traditional crafts such as embroidery, weaving, and architectural styles of houses and temples that still fascinate not only researchers but also tourists. Many ethnic minority residential areas in Lam Dong can be developed into attractive tourist destinations, typically Lat commune, Lac Duong district, which is famous for its brocade weaving.
People of Lam Dong province are industrious, love labor, love their homeland and village; trained labor force is one of the potential resources for tourism development.
2.1.1.2 Tourism infrastructure system
- Technical infrastructure
In the period up to 2007, along with the socio-economic development, the technical infrastructure system of Lam Dong province such as transportation, electricity, water, communications... has been significantly improved, having a positive effect on the development of local tourism, contributing to increasing the capacity to transport tourists, the ability to access tourist destinations, creating favorable conditions for tourists' daily life and being an important driving force to promote tourism development in the coming time.
+ Traffic system:
Road system: Lam Dong's road system is distributed quite evenly throughout the province, with automobile roads reaching 97% of commune centers with a total length of 2,039.4 km.
By air: Lam Dong has Lien Khuong airport, 30km from Da Lat city, 160ha wide, belonging to the Southern airport cluster, with a runway of 3,000m long and 34m wide. In 2005, a direct flight route from Da Lat to Hanoi and vice versa was opened. However, the scale and quality of the airport and runway facilities have not yet ensured the ability to expand air routes to Da Lat, thus limiting the increasing demand for air travel of tourists to Lam Dong. Currently, Lien Khuong airport is being invested in upgrading to an international airport that can receive medium-range aircraft such as A320, A321. Thus, the ability to welcome tourists from the international market, especially ASEAN countries, in the near future is very favorable.
Railway: The 84 km long Da Lat - Phan Rang railway line with 6 stations and 3 auxiliary stations was built during the French period. It has not been used since 1975. Currently, the railway industry has restored nearly 10 km of the Da Lat - Trai Mat route to serve tourism. Currently, the Government has allowed the restoration of the entire route to serve tourism.
River : Traffic on the Dong Nai River can only be carried out on
about 60km long in the dry season and mainly in the Cat Tien area.
River transport in Lam Dong province is suitable for
develop adventure sports tourism.
In the coming years, expanding and improving the transportation network and investing in means of transport will be of great significance, contributing to promoting tourism development in Lam Dong.
+ Power supply system: Lam Dong's power supply is quite stable, including Da Nhim, Ham Thuan, Da Mi, Suoi Vang hydroelectric plants, and Dai Ninh hydroelectric plant under construction.
+ Water supply system: Up to now, 5 districts, towns and cities have been supplied with clean water from the water plant.
Other districts are supplied with clean water by gravity water supply works.
through sedimentation tank and well.
+ Drainage and environmental sanitation system: Most cities, towns, tourist areas, and industrial establishments in Lam Dong province do not have a wastewater drainage system. Wastewater is only treated by septic tanks or semi-septic tanks, and in some places it is discharged directly into rivers, streams, and lakes.
The drainage system in Da Lat is currently in a state of backwardness and disrepair, so although it is a highland city, when there is heavy rain or prolonged rain, many streets cannot drain in time, causing flooding, seriously affecting the quality of roads and the environment of the area. This is one of the factors that reduces the beauty and attractiveness of a traditional tourist city like Da Lat.
Currently, Da Lat city is investing in building a wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 7,500m3 / day and night with modern technology under a Danish support project. The completed project will contribute to overcoming the current environmental pollution situation in this resort city.
+ Postal and telecommunications system: Lam Dong's telecommunications network has undergone many positive changes in recent years. Up to now, it can be said that Lam Dong is one of the provinces with a developed postal and telecommunications industry with modern technology and rapidly increasing production value. This is truly a favorable factor for the development of the province's economic sectors in general and tourism in particular.
- Social infrastructure
+ Cultural and sports facilities:
Several golf courses, tennis courts in Da Lat city and tourist areas have been built; forming outdoor sports tourism routes, cross-country cycling or motorbike, mountain climbing, extreme sports, etc., attracting more and more tourists.
The system of museums, galleries and libraries has become unique tourism products and destinations serving tourists.
+ Medical and health care services: The medical system from the province to the grassroots level has been strengthened and improved. Medical programs have been well implemented, preventing major epidemics from occurring.
At tourist destinations far from the city and residential areas, medical services are also guaranteed to serve tourists in case of need, creating peace of mind for tourists.
+ Other service facilities: Banking systems in cities, districts, and hotels all have on-site foreign currency exchange services for tourists. In Da Lat city, there is an electronic credit card payment system and automatic teller machines.
In addition, Lam Dong is one of the provinces with a strong scientific team in the country, skilled workers, experienced workers in commercial and tourism activities in urban areas, intensive agriculture.
high-tech industry, production and business of flower cultivation and production of
handicrafts
2.1.2 Tourists
Thanks to the policy of innovation and openness of the Party and the State (especially since the Government's Resolution 45/CP on innovation in management and development of the tourism industry and Directive 46/CT-TW of the Central Party Secretariat), Lam Dong's tourism business activities have developed quite well: the area of tourism activities has been expanded; scenic spots have been renovated and upgraded; entertainment areas have been built; the system of tourist accommodation facilities has been invested in and developed..., which has attracted a significant number of domestic and foreign tourists to Lam Dong. Notably, in the past 7 years (2001 - 2008), the average annual growth rate has reached 14.06% - this is truly a positive signal for Lam Dong tourism in particular and the Central Highlands - Central region in general.
Table 1: Number of tourists to Lam Dong in the period 1997 - 2008
Unit: Number of visitors
Year
Total number of tourists | Domestic guests | International guests | ||||
Quantity | % increase over same period last year | Quantity | % increase compared to the same period last year | Number quantity | % increase compared to the same period last year | |
1997 | 600,000 | -0.8% | 529,099 | -1.9% | 70,901 | 7.4% |
1998 | 600,000 | 0% | 535,000 | 1.1% | 65,000 | -8.3% |
1999 | 603,000 | 0.5% | 533,000 | -0.4% | 70,000 | 7.7% |
2000 | 710,000 | 17.7% | 640,420 | 20.2% | 69,580 | -0.6% |
2001 | 803,000 | 13.1% | 725,000 | 13.2% | 78,000 | 12.1% |
2002 | 905,000 | 12.7% | 820,000 | 13.1% | 85,000 | 9.0% |
2003 | 1,150,000 | 27.1% | 1,085,000 | 32.3% | 65,000 | -23.5% |
2004 | 1,350,000 | 17.4% | 1,264,000 | 16.5% | 86,000 | 32.3% |
2005 | 1,560,900 | 15.6% | 1,460,300 | 15.5% | 100,600 | 17.1% |
2006 | 1,848,000 | 18.39% | 1,751,000 | 20.0% | 97,000 | -3.6% |
2007 | 2,200,000 | 19.04% | 2,080,000 | 18.8% | 120,000 | 23.7% |
2008 | 2,300,000 | 4.8% | 2,180,000 | 4.8% | 120,000 | 0% |
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Comment
Source: Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism Lam Dong.
After more than 2 years of implementing Resolution No. 06/NQ - TU dated September 21, 2006 of the Provincial Party Committee on " Orientation, goals, tasks and breakthrough solutions to accelerate