Thai Nguyen City Secondary School Education Before 2009

Hanoi via national highways: National Highway 3 connecting Hanoi - Thai Nguyen - Bac Kan

- Cao Bang, Ta Lung Cao Bang border gate; National Highway 1B connecting Thai Nguyen - Lang Son, Huu Nghi Quan border gate; National Highway 37 connecting Thai Nguyen - Tuyen Quang provinces with Bac Giang - Bac Ninh, Thai Nguyen - Bac Giang - Lang Son - Hanoi railway system; New National Highway 3 connecting to Hanoi capital has been opened; Thai Nguyen city is 52km from Noi Bai international airport.

Thai Nguyen City has rich and diverse natural resources, very favorable for industrial development. In the area, there are many industrial parks for industrial production - handicrafts, service business and trade. With the position of the first metallurgical industrial city and the leading bird of the Vietnam Metallurgical Industry. Thai Nguyen City has an Iron and Steel Industrial Park and non-ferrous metallurgical factories that annually supply the country with more than half a million tons of iron and steel. Currently, phase 2 is being invested and expanded to meet the demand for iron and steel for the industrialization and modernization of the country.

Thai Nguyen City is a major training center, ranking 3rd in the country in professional education and training after Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, and is also a major medical center of the entire Northern Midlands and Mountains region. Currently, these two areas are being invested in building facilities and equipment to better meet the education and health care needs of the people.

The city is also a center connecting routes, tours, and tourist attractions of the northern provinces. It is home to the famous Nui Coc Lake tourist area and the Tan Cuong specialty tea region. Currently, there are more than 100 relic sites ranked at the provincial and national levels. In the center of the city is the Museum of Vietnamese Ethnic Cultures - where the cultures of 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam are preserved; the 915 Youth Volunteer Company Relic... These are favorable premises for Thai Nguyen city to promote investment in tourism development in the coming time.

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On December 20, 2016, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 2486/QD-TTg on approving the adjustment of the master plan of Thai Nguyen city, province.

Thai Nguyen by 2035. Accordingly, the city is oriented to develop on both sides of the Cau River, following an ecological, multi-center urban model associated with the formation of functional areas: Existing historical center; educational center

- training, high-quality healthcare, trade - services, finance - banking; upgraded renovation areas; new development areas; industrial development areas, northern logistics; eco-tourism areas associated with high-quality agriculture; urban agriculture and development reserves. With the goal of building Thai Nguyen city into a national multi-disciplinary, multi-field training center; an economic - service - tourism center, a high-quality healthcare center associated with scientific research in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region.

As of October 1, 2017, Thai Nguyen city has an area of 222.93 km2 , a population of nearly 400,000 people with 32 administrative units (including 21 wards: Cam Gia, Chua Hang, Dong Bam, Dong Quang, Gia Sang, Hoang Van Thu, Huong Son, Phan Dinh Phung, Phu Xa, Quan Trieu, Quang Trung, Quang Vinh, Tan Lap, Tan Long, Tan Thanh, Tan Thinh, Thinh Dan, Tich Luong, Trung Thanh, Trung Vuong, Tuc Duyen; and 11 communes: Cao Ngan, Dong Lien, Huong Thuong, Linh Son, Phuc Ha, Phuc Triu, Phuc Xuan, Quyet Thang, Son Cam, Tan Cuong, Thinh Duc); The city has over 30 universities, colleges, and vocational high schools; 137 kindergartens, primary schools, and secondary schools; and 13 general and specialized hospitals of the central and local levels [4, pp. 1-2].

1.2. Secondary school education in Thai Nguyen city before 2009

1.2.1. Period from 1962 to 1985

On October 19, 1962, the Government Council issued Decision No. 114 to establish Thai Nguyen City, directly under Thai Nguyen Province. Faced with new requirements and tasks, the Thai Nguyen City Party Committee held its first Congress from May 22 to May 25, 1963. This was an important political event, opening a new period of activities for the Party Committee and the people of the city.

Thai Nguyen. The Congress proposed the first Resolution of Thai Nguyen City Delegates (May 1963) to organize and implement.

Along with the economic transformation, the city's cultural and educational sectors also had favorable conditions to continuously improve and expand. During this period, the number of general schools increased at a fairly rapid pace. In the 1962-1963 school year, the whole city had 77 primary and secondary general education classes, an increase of 1.3 times compared to the 1961-1962 school year; there were 3,884 students, an increase of nearly 1.3 times compared to the 1961-1962 school year [1, p110]. Party committees and local authorities at all levels made great efforts in mobilizing and organizing people to contribute to building schools, meeting the basic requirements for learning and entertainment facilities for students at all levels. The "Two Good" emulation movement, learning from advanced models, was widely launched in schools.

Entering the period of 1965-1975, in the face of the escalating US bombardment of the North, the City Education sector had to change its training direction, implementing the decision of the City Party Committee that all classes must quickly leave the city; schools in communes must be dispersed to small hamlets. The City Party Committee also instructed grassroots party committees to take advantage of all the capabilities of the people and agencies, construction sites... to move and build more schools. Thanks to that, in the 1965-1966 school year, the City Education sector in a short time built 75 new classrooms, 16 dormitories and 2 kindergartens.

Implementing Uncle Ho's teaching: "No matter how difficult it is, we must continue to compete to teach well and study well", in the school years 1964-1965, 1965-1966 and 1966-1967, the children of all ethnic groups in Thai Nguyen city in all schools achieved the highest rate of promotion and graduation in the province. In the school year 1967-1968, the whole city had 6 secondary schools with 100% official passing rate; the city's excellent literature and math students team won the first prize in the province, contributing to the 7th grade literature team winning the consolation prize in the whole North; 60% of the city's students were recognized as Uncle Ho's good children. In the "Two Good" emulation movement, Hoang Van Thu Secondary School was the leading flag, awarded the Third Class Labor Medal by the Government Council.

The period of economic recovery after the first destructive war (1969-1972) was a very meaningful period for Thai Nguyen city to continue to promote the implementation of the Resolution of the 3rd City Party Congress (June 1967). Then, in April 1971, the 4th Thai Nguyen City Party Congress was convened and set out new directions and tasks for economic and cultural development. The years 1969-1972 also marked a new development step for the Education sector of Thai Nguyen city. With the "Two Goods" emulation movement, schools actively focused on improving the content and methods of teaching and learning. In the 1971-1972 school year, the number of secondary school students promoted to the next grade far exceeded the target set by the 4th City Party Congress. The entire city has 20/34 schools achieving the title of “Advanced Unit” at the city and provincial levels (an increase of more than 18 units compared to the 1970-1971 school year) [1, p138]. The City Education Department has directed the introduction of production labor into schools with initial results. Based on the labor of teachers and students, with the support of local people, schools have repaired 63 classrooms, built 45 more classrooms with bamboo, reed, and leaves, and 64 classrooms with bricks and tiles.

After the US stopped bombing for the second time, students and teachers of the schools moved to the city, promptly overcame the consequences of the war, quickly restored and stabilized schools to ensure the learning needs of the people's children. The "Two Goods" movement was still maintained, in the 1972-1973 school year, schools ensured that 22,596 students of all levels returned to normal study even though the number of students increased to 1,800. The Education sector continued to implement the motto "education combined with production labor", all schools organized lime burning, brick making, self-repairing of schools, typically the Industrial High School and Dong Quang Secondary School... The quality of education was maintained, the number of students promoted to the next grade at all levels exceeded the target by 1% to 5%. The whole city had 57% of schools achieving advanced units at the city and provincial levels; 85% of students meeting the standards of Uncle Ho's good children...

The 6th Congress of the Thai Nguyen City Party Committee (from June 4 to June 8, 1974) issued a Resolution to continue promoting the cause of culture and education.

in the new situation. The City Education Department continued to maintain and promote the "Two Good" emulation movement; strengthen the material facilities in schools. With the State and Provincial funds and the contributions of parents, schools organized labor to build classrooms, repair desks and chairs... therefore, the number of semi-permanent classrooms increased from 34% in the 1972-1973 school year to 59% in the 1973-1974 school year.

After the complete liberation of the South and the reunification of the country, Thai Nguyen city became the political, administrative, economic and cultural center of the province. The city is home to many universities, vocational high schools, vocational training schools and many scientific research facilities. The key staff of the City Party Committee elected by the 6th City Party Congress (1974) consisted of 25 members, with comrade Tran Tuong as Secretary of the City Party Committee, comrades Nguyen Dinh Hinh and Nguyen Duc Tan as Deputy Secretaries - basically stabilizing tasks and positions, which is one of the advantages for the Party Committee in leading the people to promote the restoration and development of the socio-economy, education...

Implementing the 5-year plan (1976-1980), the Education sector of Thai Nguyen city completed the 1975-1976 school year with the highest and most comprehensive quality compared to previous school years. 85% of primary and secondary schools met the criteria of "Uncle Ho's Good Children", the secondary school graduation exam reached 93.9%, exceeding the target by 3%; the rate of students moving up to the next grade at primary, secondary and high schools all reached from 90% to 95%, exceeding the target by 1% to 5%. The social subject teachers' group at Nha Trang Secondary School and the natural science teachers' group at Gia Sang Secondary School achieved the title of "Socialist Labor Group". Gia Sang Secondary School and Nha Trang Primary and Secondary Schools achieved the title of "Excellent Advanced Unit".

In the 1975-1976 school year, the City had over 2,000 students attending nighttime cultural supplementary classes. Trung Vuong Secondary Cultural Supplemental School opened two more branches in Nha Trang and Doi Can. The leaders of the City Party Committee and People's Committee both paid attention to encouraging the movement and set an example.

study cultural supplementary classes, so the movement developed strongly, the number of students increased by 400 people compared to the previous school year, the graduation rate of secondary school supplementary classes reached 96% (exceeding the target by 26%), the rate of moving up to the next grade reached 75% (exceeding the target by 5%).

In the 1976-1977 school year, the city had 34,875 students, an increase of 3,403 students compared to the previous school year, of which the rate of general education students increased by 11.1% and the rate of supplementary education students increased by 60%. In that situation, building schools, ensuring teaching and learning equipment, and meeting the learning needs of the people's children were heavy and urgent tasks of the City Party Committee. On September 8, 1976, the City Party Committee issued Resolution No. 15/NQ-TP "Strengthening leadership in education work, launching a campaign to mobilize the entire population to participate in building schools", establishing a Steering Committee for the campaign headed by Comrade Tran Tuong, Secretary of the City Party Committee. Then, on March 26, 1977, the City Party Committee issued a Resolution "Strengthening leadership in implementing the campaign to mobilize the entire population to participate in building schools". On October 22, 1977, the City Party Committee held a conference to summarize the campaign: “In this campaign, the entire City built and put into use 171 solid and semi-solid classrooms, exceeding the planned number by 23 classrooms (out of 171 classrooms, there were 2 two-story buildings with 22 rooms); distributed 3,527 sets of desks and chairs to schools, ending the situation where some places had to study 3 shifts a day; ending the situation where students of all levels had to sit at round tables” [2, p. 35].

The 7th Congress of Thai Nguyen City Party Committee, Round 2 (January 27 to January 31, 1978) decided on the direction, tasks, and leadership goals of the Party Committee in the 2 years of 1978-1979 and the following years. Implementing the Resolution of the Congress, the City Education Department also made new progress. In the 1978-1979 school year, the total number of students at all levels reached 41,000, an increase of more than

3,000 students compared to the previous school year. The schools have overcome difficulties and built 90 semi-permanent and permanent classrooms. Tan Long, Quan Trieu, Hoang Van Thu, Nha Trang, Huong Son, Nui Voi, Trai Cau, Gia Sang, and Tuc Duyen primary and secondary schools organized students to work to repair classrooms and schools.

desks and chairs were damaged. The City Department of Education and Training provided schools with over 2,000 sets of desks and chairs, and sent 350 teachers to attend part-time courses. The quality of teaching and learning in schools was improved: the number of teaching hours with good and excellent quality increased by 50% compared to the previous school year; 3 students won first prize, 1 student won second prize in the competition to select excellent students in math and literature for grade 7 of the province... The City Party Committee led the excellent completion of the construction of solid and semi-solid school buildings, ensuring enough seats for the people's children, the quality of comprehensive education was increasingly improved, the targets in the 3 school years all exceeded the plan. Therefore, Thai Nguyen City was one of two units awarded flags and bonuses by the Provincial People's Committee for its outstanding achievements in the emulation movement to build schools (1976-1978).

Entering 1979, the situation at the northern border had many complicated developments. Implementing the Directive and Resolution of the Party Central Committee and the Provincial Party Committee, the City Education Sector implemented the Government's Declaration dated February 17, 1979 and the Notice dated February 18, 1979 of the Thai Nguyen Provincial People's Committee to do a good job of propaganda and education. The entire Sector was determined to join the people of the City in being ready to go to war and serve in the fight against the invaders. The City Party Committee led the education work to change direction in a timely manner, successfully implementing the 1978-1979 school year. The number of students promoted to the next grade at all levels reached from 95% to 98% (exceeding the plan by 1% to 3%), the number of students passing the secondary school graduation exam reached from 89% to 97% (exceeding the target by 7.8% to 9%)... [2, pp. 73-78].

In addition, responding to the campaign "Tran Quoc Toan launched the army to defeat the invaders" launched by the City Department of Education and Training, the Young Pioneer Association of Secondary Schools actively donated and supported food for soldiers and wounded soldiers, typically Dong Quang Secondary School donated 794 green beans, 806 eggs and 38 kg of sugar to support soldiers and wounded soldiers... Immediately after the invaders withdrew, the City Education Department continued to join the people of the city

Donate and support the people of Cao Bang to quickly stabilize their lives and restore production. Many teachers and students were assigned and divided into many groups to go to the border provinces to support the provinces in overcoming the consequences of war.

After nearly 5 years of promoting economic and social recovery and development (1976-1979). In 1980, the 8th Congress of Thai Nguyen City Party Committee (from February 4 to February 7, 1980) decided on the direction, tasks and specific targets for the economy, society and education in the two years 1980-1981. The education career continued to achieve many results.

Implementing Resolution No. 14 of the Politburo on education reform, since 1981, the education reform has unified our country's education system to be implemented in 12 years (eliminating the elementary school), leading to the innovation of textbooks and the improvement of writing. On March 27, 1981, the Government Council issued Decision No. 135-CP on the new general education system. Accordingly, the general education system in the whole country is a 12-year general school system, divided into two levels: Primary general education, from grade 1 to grade 9; Secondary general education, from grade 10 to grade 12. The Ministry of Education and Training decided to merge primary and secondary levels into primary general schools.

The City Education Sector seriously implemented the 1981 education reform under the direction of the Central Government and the Ministry of Education and Training. In 3 years (1980-1982), the Sector focused on mobilizing resources to build school and classroom facilities for local children to study, build 40 new classrooms, renovate hundreds of old classrooms, and purchase over 4,000 sets of desks and chairs for schools. In the 1982-1983 school year, the "Two Goods" emulation movement continued to be maintained, the city's primary school level had 805 classes with a total of 31,900 students (an increase of

2,361 students compared to the previous school year) of which 8,775 students account for 1/3 of the total number of junior high school students studying under the new reform program.

Most of the children of officials and people of Thai Nguyen city go to school. All levels of education develop in a balanced manner and constantly improve quality.

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