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Sustainable tourism development in Phong Nha - Ke Bang - 1


Introduction


1. Urgency of the topic:

It can be seen that tourism is a fast growing economic sector and is currently one of the leading economic sectors in the world. For our country,

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The Party and State have identified "tourism as an important comprehensive economic sector with profound cultural content, interdisciplinary, inter-regional and highly socialized" (Tourism Ordinance, 1999) and set the goal of "developing tourism to truly become a spearhead economic sector" (Resolution of the 9th National Party Congress, 2001) and "tourism development is an important strategic direction in the socio-economic development policy to contribute to the industrialization and modernization of the country" (Directive 46/CT-TW of the Central Secretariat

Party Congress VII, 1994).

Sustainable tourism development in Phong Nha - Ke Bang - 1

Located in the North Central region, Quang Binh province has a very diverse and rich tourism potential to develop many types of tourism. The tourism development program is included in one of the four key economic programs of the province.

The 13th Congress of Quang Binh Provincial Party Committee, term 2001-2005

d+ orientation "Rapidly develop tourism into an important economic sector of the province. Increase investment in tourism development, first of all in routes and destinations such as: Phong Nha-Ke Bang Tourist Area, Dong Hoi-Da Nhay. Open more tourist routes Deo Ngang-Hon La, Thach Ban-Bang hot mineral spring,

Ho Chi Minh trail..., open more domestic and international tours. Focus on training and fostering tourism skills, improve the quality of tourism services, strengthen the maintenance of order, and protect the ecological environment".

In recent years, Quang Binh tourism has achieved many results.

encouraging. The number of tourists to Quang Binh from 1999 to 2004 increased by an average of over 30% annually. Many tourist attractions such as Nhat Le Beach,

Da Nhay, Bang hot mineral spring area and especially Phong Nha-Ke Bang


đ+ have become favorite tourist destinations of tourists. In particular, since Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park was recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage, the number of tourists to Quang Binh has increased dramatically; many tourism development investment projects have been implemented. Besides the achievements đ+, Quang Binh tourism still has many shortcomings that need to be addressed.

be overcome soon. That is: Technical facilities for tourism are still weak; tourism products are still poor and monotonous; the quality of tourism services is not high; the length of stay of tourists is too low; the number of international visitors to Quang Binh accounts for an insignificant proportion; the staff working in tourism has not met the requirements of tourism development in the new situation; the ecological environment is greatly affected.

In Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy, Phong Nha-Ke Bang

The General Department of Tourism has identified "Phong Nha-Ke Bang Cave Ecotourism Area" as one of 31 specialized tourist areas in the country. Although it has achieved

Although Phong Nha-Ke Bang has enjoyed relatively high growth in recent years, tourism development in Phong Nha-Ke Bang has not yet been commensurate with its potential. Currently, the technical infrastructure serving tourism is still weak, the means of transport for tourists are not up to standard, tourists only visit Phong Nha Cave and Tien Son Cave, environmentally friendly tourism products have not been developed, services are still poor, and the quality is not high. In particular, after the UNESCO World Heritage Committee at the 27th meeting in Paris officially recognized Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park as a World Natural Heritage (July 5, 2003), the responsibility for Phong Nha-Ke Bang Tourism is even greater; that is, how to preserve and promote the unique values ​​of the World Natural Heritage, how to develop tourism in a sustainable way to preserve the World Natural Heritage for today and future generations.


Based on the above facts, the study of tourism development, especially sustainable tourism development in the World Natural Heritage Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is very necessary and urgent. How to develop tourism while preserving and maintaining the Natural Heritage, protecting the ecological environment,

ensure social equity, preserve local cultural identity. As a tourism management officer of Quang Binh province, seeing the urgency and urgency of the problem, the topic: "Sustainable Tourism Development in Phong Nha-Ke Bang" was chosen.

2. Research status related to the topic:

- In the world : Tourism is currently considered one of the largest economic sectors in the world with huge economic potential. Therefore, tourism activities

Tourism activities have been studied by many experts, scientists and managers. However, it was not until the 80s of the last century that the concept of " Sustainable Development " appeared and it was not until the early 90s that the concept of " Sustainable Tourism " began to be mentioned, when the authors

The negative impacts on the environment of the tourism boom since the 1960s have become more evident. Studies on " Sustainable Tourism " show that Sustainable Tourism not only protects the environment, preserves ecology but also cares about the ability to maintain long-term economic benefits and social equity. Sustainable tourism cannot be separated from the broad debate on sustainable development in general and is a pioneering field, a top concern of all countries in the world in particular. In the academic field, sustainable tourism is mentioned in a number of works such as: "Tourism and Environment: A sustainable relationship" 41 , "Sustainable Tourism - What is it really?" 37 , "Ecotourism and sustainable development. Who owns paradise?" 40 , "Sustainable Tourism Management: Applied Principles" 48 , "Towards Sustainable Development: Development Goals and Conditions" 43 . "Indicators for Sustainable Development: Theory,


Methods, Applications "[35], "Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Guidelines"[52].

- In Vietnam : Research on tourism was only mentioned a lot in the 90s, when tourism activities gradually became prosperous. Some research works have mentioned many different aspects of tourism activities such as: "Organization of Vietnam Tourism Territory" 1 , "Tourism and Tourism Business" 19 , "Capacity Building for Tourism Development in Vietnam 30 , "Master Plan for Tourism Development in the North Central Tourism Region to 2010 and

orientation to 2020" [29].

For our country, " Sustainable tourism " is a fairly new concept.

D+ has a number of research works on sustainable tourism such as: "Scientific basis and solutions for sustainable tourism development in Vietnam" 33 , "Resources and environment of Vietnam tourism" 34 , "Sustainable tourism"[8], "Ecotourism - theoretical and practical issues of development in Vietnam"[15], "Ecotourism in Nature Reserves in Vietnam"[13], "Handbook on sustainable tourism development"[35]. For some specific tourist areas, most of the research focuses mainly on recommendations.

For Phong Nha-Ke Bang, there have been a number of research projects on geology, geomorphology, biodiversity, and cave systems to serve the construction of the World Natural Heritage dossier. Currently, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is completing the Biodiversity dossier to submit to UNESCO for the second World Natural Heritage recognition under the criterion of "Biodiversity". Research projects on tourism development in general and sustainable tourism development in particular are only mentioned very little, mainly in presentations at the Phong Nha-Ke Bang Conferences.

Through synthesizing the research situation on sustainable tourism in our country in recent times, we can see:


- As a leading economic sector, tourism has attracted the attention of many scientists, managers, and organizations in the world as well as in our country. However, " Sustainable Tourism " has only been invested in research since the 1990s.

- Vietnam tourism has really flourished since the 90s and is a research topic of many scientists in Vietnam and the world. " Sustainable tourism " in our country is increasingly being studied by scientists and is also the direction of tourism development in the world as well as in our country. However, the number of research projects on sustainable tourism in our country is still small. The projects mainly focus on researching "Ecotourism " - a type of tourism that is environmentally friendly and sustainable.

- Research on sustainable tourism development specifically applied to a Nature Reserve or National Park has received little attention due to many objective and subjective factors.

- Up to now, systematic research on issues related to sustainable tourism development in our country has not been carried out much, more in-depth research is needed.

3. Research objectives and tasks:

Research objective: To actively contribute to the management and development of sustainable tourism in the World Natural Heritage Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park.

Research mission :

- Focus on theoretical research on sustainable tourism development (especially in National Parks and Nature Reserves); experiences in sustainable tourism development as well as unsustainable development in some countries around the world (focusing on nature reserves and national parks), and at the same time draw some lessons for sustainable tourism development in our country.


- Evaluate tourism resources of the research area. Study the current situation and provide lessons for sustainable tourism development in Phong Nha-Ke Bang tourist area.

- Focus on researching and proposing specific solutions to develop tourism in Phong Nha-Ke Bang in a sustainable manner; in accordance with the United Nations Charter for the Protection of World Heritage and commensurate with the National Park - World Natural Heritage.

4. Research objects and scope:

Research object: Tourism is a comprehensive economic sector with high interdisciplinary, inter-regional and socialization characteristics. However, this thesis only focuses on studying tourism from the perspective of sustainable development in a specific tourist area;

That is the World Natural Heritage Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, or in other words: Research on sustainable tourism development in Phong Nha-Ke Bang (Theory, practice and solutions).

Research scope:

- Spatial scope: Spatial scope is limited to the World Natural Heritage area of ​​Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and the region.

buffer zone of the National Park. However, the topic also mentions some neighboring areas, some tourist areas in the province, and directly related tourist routes.

to develop tourism in Phong Nha-Ke Bang.

- Time scope: Research time on the current status of tourism development in PN-KB 1996-2004, propose solutions for the period 2005 to 2015.

5. Research method :

During the research, the following main methods were used:

- Dialectical materialism method: Putting sustainable tourism development in PN-KB in a dialectical relationship with other fields of activity.


- Synthesis method: Synthesize all tourism-related activities to build an overall picture of sustainable tourism development.

- System analysis method: Systematically analyze specific tourism activities to know the current development status in order to propose effective solutions.

- Field survey method: Using the results of field surveys, investigations, interviews with tourists as well as businesses operating in the tourism-service industry.

- Expert method: Consult consultants and experts in sustainable tourism development, especially in planning and developing community tourism.

6. Scientific and practical significance of the thesis:

- Systematize theoretical issues on sustainable tourism development, especially sustainable tourism development in Nature Reserves and National Parks.

- Summarize lessons learned on sustainable tourism development as well as unsustainable tourism development of some tourist destinations in the world. On that basis, propose solutions for sustainable tourism development for PN-KB National Park.

- Analyze the tourism potential of PN-KB in terms of natural and human tourism potential to build a sustainable tourism development strategy.

- Analyze and evaluate the current status of tourism development in Phong Nha-Ke Bang tourist area in recent times; clarify the achievements as well as the shortcomings that need to be overcome; draw lessons to bring sustainable development to Phong Nha-Ke Bang tourism.

- Propose a system of solutions for sustainable tourism development in Phong Nha-Ke Bang; so that each area is worthy of the title of World Natural Heritage recognized by UNESCO.


Chapter 1

Theoretical basis and international experience on sustainable tourism development


1.1. Sustainable development

Development is understood as a growth process of many different constituent elements of economy, politics, society, culture, science and technology... This is the inevitable natural trend of the material world in general and human society in particular. Economic-social development is the process of improving the quality of life both materially and spiritually by developing productive forces, production relations, improving the quality of education, quality of life, preserving and promoting cultural values. To reflect the true and objective nature of development, in addition to economic indicators such as GNP (Gross National Product), GDP (Gross Domestic Product), per capita income (GDP per capita)... it is necessary to supplement other indicators such as HDI (Human Development Index), HFI (Human Freedom Index)...

Along with improving the material and spiritual life of the community, development activities have been and are depleting natural resources, causing negative impacts on environmental and ecological degradation. An undeniable fact is that the Earth's natural resources are depleting.

Land cannot be infinite and while exploitation is indiscriminate and uncontrolled,

will not only deplete natural resources but also cause serious environmental consequences, ecological imbalance; directly affect the development process of human society in the future. From this awareness, a new concept of development and trend has emerged.

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