Students' Perceptions of the Local Labor Market

professions and types of training. If compared with the given levels of awareness, we can classify them at the second level of awareness.

According to the author's investigation, the cause of the above situation is that education at secondary level mainly teaches literacy, pays little attention to vocational training, and students' awareness is almost spontaneous due to lack of consultation from school, family and society.

* Perception of students of secondary schools in Chiem Hoa district, Tuyen Quang province about the local labor market.

Along with studying the awareness of students of Chiem Hoa district secondary schools about the current labor market in our country, the author conducted a study of students' awareness with the question "Name the jobs in today's society that you know? (at least 2 jobs). In our locality, what fields are currently in need of labor? Through statistics, the author obtained over 20 jobs that students chose, taking the jobs with many opinions, with results as in Table 2.9.

Table 2.9. Students' perceptions of the local labor market

Know

Profession	Grade 6		Grade 7		Grade 8		Grade 9		Total
Profession	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%
Those job i know	1 to 4 jobs	86	67.7	80	56.3	49	36.3	34	23.9	249	45.6
	4 to 8 jobs	32	25.2	49	34.5	71	52.6	86	60.6	238	43.6
	Over 8 professions	9	7.1	13	9.2	15	11.1	22	15.5	59	10.8
Local jobs in need	Teacher	22	17.3	24	16.9	18	13.3	12	8.5	76	13.9
	Medicine	14	11.0	21	14.8	16	11.9	20	14.1	71	13.0
	Aquaculture	29	22.8	31	21.8	36	26.7	31	21.8	127	23.3
	Agriculture	10	7.9	12	8.5	8	5.9	8	5.6	38	7.0
	Industrial	18	14.2	23	16.2	26	19.3	22	15.5	89	16.3
	Technical worker	10	7.9	12	8.5	14	10.4	30	21.1	66	12.1
	Tourism	8	6.3	6	4.2	6	4.4	5	3.5	25	4.6
	Other occupations	16	12.6	13	9.2	11	8.1	14	9.9	54	9.9

Maybe you are interested!

Through knowing the students' professions, we have the following column chart 2.1:

1- 4 jobs

4-8 jobs

> 8 professions

Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9

Figure 2.1. Career knowledge of secondary school students

Looking at the chart, we can see that the level of vocational knowledge of students is too low and the naming of the occupations that they know is related to their educational level. Students in higher grades know more occupations. This confirms that students' awareness of occupations is correlated with their educational level. The more they are exposed to the outside world of occupations, the more useful knowledge they will gain. On the contrary, if learning is simply learning words, students will lack information about occupations, making it difficult for them to choose a career.

The level of choice of the industries that the locality needs is too much (19 occupations), and there is not much difference, which shows that students are still vague about the choice, they choose a lot in the Forestry profession (with 128 opinions - 23.26%), their assessment in this field is well-founded. This comes from the fact that Tuyen Quang is a province with the largest forest area in the country, so it needs a highly qualified human resource to meet that labor market.

- Industry is also considered important by students (with 89 opinions - accounting for 16.3%), through which we see that initially students have a positive view because Tuyen Quang is a province rich in potential but has not been exploited and invested properly, the highly qualified labor force in the industrial sector is very rare, most of them come from other provinces but come back for a few years and then leave. More importantly, the highly qualified local team does not contribute their efforts to their homeland but goes away.

Working in other areas has better conditions. This requires reviewing the policies set forth by the province.

- Some other opinions say that the locality is currently in great need of teachers and medical staff. In fact, in recent years, Tuyen Quang has experienced both a surplus and shortage of teachers, with a surplus of math, literature, physics, etc., but a shortage of technical teachers and gifted subjects, leading to a situation of concurrent positions, resulting in poor teaching quality. In the medical and pharmaceutical sector, most of the staff are both studying and working, so the treatment work has not met the needs of society.

- The skilled technical worker industry is also of interest to students (with 66 opinions - accounting for 12.09%), students are somewhat aware of the shortage of skilled workers through mass media sources. According to surveys in recent years, the majority of junior high school students drop out of school after graduating from secondary school, not going to vocational school but entering the labor market, they go everywhere to find jobs, most of them in Binh Duong province, Hanoi city... in industrial zones, because they have not received vocational training, they work in extremely difficult conditions but the salary is not high.

- Some strong industries in Tuyen Quang that have not been chosen by students are "tourism" (with 25 opinions - accounting for 4.58%). As we know, Tuyen Quang is a mountainous province with many historical relics, rich in forest resources, especially wild and rare animals, with many beautiful landscapes that have not been properly invested. Developing eco-tourism in Tuyen Quang is an important and necessary issue, but how to make students see that potential and make an effort to serve it is more difficult. The construction industry is still very new and needs a lot of human resources in Tuyen Quang, but there are few opinions chosen, which shows that students' awareness is still very poor, they have not been equipped with knowledge about the profession.

In short, through the survey of the current status of students' career awareness, it shows that they do not understand the concept of career, do not clearly understand the human resource needs of the country and the locality. They only see the surface of the career through spontaneous information sources from mass media, without scientific basis. Therefore, providing knowledge about careers for students is an important and necessary task.

2.3.2. Current status of career interest of students in secondary schools in Chiem Hoa district, Tuyen Quang province

* Knowing students' interests in a future career is very important in career education in secondary schools. It helps us see their future career intentions. From there, we can encourage them if that career is suitable for them and society. On the contrary, if that career is not suitable for them and society's needs, we can adjust their career choice.

Adjusting students' career choices is one of the necessary tasks to concretize the process of linking the training goals of general schools with the socio-economic goals of each locality and the whole country, and is a positive measure to form psychological readiness to enter the workforce, in accordance with the social division of labor.

To find out the interests of secondary school students in Chiem Hoa district, the author conducted a survey. The author provided a list of many important industries for the locality and the country, and asked the question: "Please choose a career that you are most interested in." Analyzing the students' answers, the author got the results in Table 2.10.

Table 2.10. Students' perceptions of their favorite professions

Know

Profession	Grade 6		Grade 7		Grade 8		Grade 9		Total
Profession	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%
Receive student knowledge about profession favourite	Teacher	28	17.3	34	16.9	28	13.3	32	8.5	122	20.51
	Medicine	14	11.0	21	14.8	26	11.9	20	14.1	81	14.84
	CA-QĐ	13	10.8	21	14.8	25	11.0	19	13.5	78	13.4
	Professions other	16	12.6	13	9.2	11	8.1	14	9.9	54	9.9

Through the investigation results in Table 2.10, the author draws the following comments:

- Students' career awareness is spread across all industries, they choose 16 groups of industries, the teaching industry is the most preferred by students (with 112 opinions - accounting for 20.51%), followed by medicine and pharmacy (with 81 opinions - accounting for 14.84%), ranked

Third is the police - military industry (with 78 opinions - accounting for 14.29%)... This shows us that the career interests of students are still heavily prejudiced, not suitable for the country's labor market.

- The professions that society needs are not of much interest to students: technical workers (with 52 opinions - accounting for 9.52%); engineering (with 72 opinions - accounting for 13.19%); information technology (with 57 opinions - accounting for 10.44%).

- The fields of organizational staff, writers and poets are not of much interest to students, accounting for only 2.93% and 2.20%.

- There are still many students who are not interested in the proposed career, this proves that their choice is not on the right track, or they are not interested in the issue of career choice.

- Students are not very interested in the profession of Organization Officer (2.93%) and the profession of Writer - Poet (2.2%), because they think that those professions are almost outdated and not highly appreciated by society.

In summary, through the survey of career interests of students in secondary schools in Chiem Hoa district, Tuyen Quang, we see that their career interests are quite diverse, but have not yet entered the reality of the local labor market and society. They are greatly influenced by their families, the careers that they are most interested in are not in line with the development needs of the country and the locality in the future, the careers that they are less interested in are in need of development by the country and the locality.

In looking for the cause of this problem, the author found that the main reason is that students lack information about occupations, especially key occupations in the national economy as well as occupations that need to be developed in their locality. Secondary schools and localities have not widely disseminated the Resolution of the central and local governments on socio-economic development plans to help students choose better and more suitable careers, meeting the development trends of occupations in society and the locality.

* When knowing the students' interests, the author proceeds to find out the real reasons that lead to those interests. The author surveys by giving many reasons and then asks the question "Why are you interested in that job?"

Table 2.11. Analysis of career interest

Interest in the profession

SL	TL
My wish is to study hard to escape from this life. countryside	101	18.35%
Family and loved ones advice	85	15.57%
Highly regarded by society	73	13.37%
Teachers and friends advise	56	10.26%
Due to income	49	8.97%

With the analysis results in Table 2.11, the author makes the following comments:

- Students choose from 8 reasons given by the author, there is no other reason. According to the survey statistics, the order of the students' opinions is: The first reason leading to their career interest is due to "Personal desire" (with 101 opinions - accounting for 18.50%), ranked 2nd is due to "Family and relatives' advice" (with 85 opinions - accounting for 15.57%), ranked 3rd is due to "Highly appreciated by society" (with 73 opinions - accounting for 13.37%), ranked 4th is due to "Teachers and friends' advice" (with 56 opinions - accounting for 10.26%),... and ranked in the last position is "Due to high income"; "many people choose that career" and "working close to home" (with 49 opinions - accounting for 8.97%).

- The difference between the reasons is not high, which shows us that there are many factors influencing the reasons leading to students' career interests, thus making them unable to clearly see what is the legitimate reason.

- The most popular opinion is "Due to personal desire" with 101 opinions - accounting for 18.50%. This shows that secondary school students also have dreams about their future careers, but those dreams are not consistent with the development of society, they only see careers in external aspects, maybe they like that career because there are many people around them who have succeeded in that career, or that career brings status in society,... But they do not know their abilities and career suitability for the career they choose.

- The choice of career of secondary school students is influenced by family and relatives, which is also chosen by many students, with up to 85 opinions - accounting for 15.57%. This will positively or negatively affect them when choosing a career. Positively, when the family always cares, monitors, and encourages their studies, they will recognize their interests, suitability and career capacity, thereby giving them the right advice.

worthy, helping them in choosing a future career. On the contrary, with feudal, conservative families, they see little immediate benefit and do not pay any attention to their children's studies and career suitability, forcing them to choose a career that they do not like, thereby causing serious consequences for themselves, their families and society.

- The third reason students think that the cause of their interest in their career is because that career is "highly valued by society" with 73 opinions - accounting for 13.37%. This may come from the reality of social life around them.

- Very few students think that teachers influence their career choice "with 68 opinions - accounting for 12.45%", this shows that the role of the school in guiding students' career choices is not profound.

- The fact that students do not pay much attention to the reason "the labor market is in need" (with 65 - accounting for 11.90%) shows that their career choice is not for the purpose of meeting the development needs of the country and the locality but according to their own preferences. The reason for this is partly because they are too young to think much about choosing a career, plus they have not received advice and guidance from teachers.

- Students in urban areas depend more on their families than those in rural areas. Vinh Loc Secondary School (with 43 opinions - accounting for 23.12%), Ngoc Hoi Secondary School (with 20 opinions - accounting for 11.24%), Xuan Quang Secondary School (with 22 opinions - accounting for 12.9%). This shows that in rural areas, people pay less attention and care to their children's education than in urban areas.

- Male students value advice from teachers and friends more than female students: Male (with 50 opinions - accounting for 14.71%); Female (with 18 opinions - accounting for 8.74%). Female students value advice from family more than male students: Female (with 50 opinions - accounting for 24.27%), Male (with 35 opinions - accounting for 10.29%).

- Some students said that the reasons "high income" (10.26%); "many people choose that career" and "working close to home" (8.97%) also influenced their career interest.

In short, through investigating the reasons that influence students' career interests, we see that students do not know the legitimate reasons that determine their career choices, so the level of choice is evenly distributed, not different. Finding out the reasons that lead to students' career interests is extremely important, it helps schools and families know their career interests and why they have that interest. If that interest is suitable for themselves, the needs of the locality

and society, we encourage them, on the contrary, we have time to adjust so that they can choose a career with more confidence.

2.3.3. Current status of students' career direction after graduating from junior high school in Chiem Hoa district, Tuyen Quang province

2.3.3.1. Survey on students' orientations after graduating from secondary school in Chiem Hoa district, Tuyen Quang province

This is an extremely important and necessary task that we have not paid attention to for a long time. It can be said that if at the secondary school level we do not monitor and guide students to have a good direction for themselves, it will lead to mistakes in choosing their future career, causing waste and harm to society.

To better understand this issue, the author conducted a survey with the question "What will you do after graduating from junior high school?". Analyzing the students' answers, the author obtained the results in Table 2.12.

Table 2.12. Future orientation of secondary school students in Chiem Hoa district

Direction	Grade 6		Grade 7		Grade 8		Grade 9		Total
Direction	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%	SYK	%
01	Go to high school	123	96.9	137	96.5	127	94.1	127	89.4	514	94.1
02	Study at secondary schools	0	0.0	2	1.4	3	2.2	2	1.4	7	1.3
03	Apprentice	0	0.0	1	0.7	2	1.5	8	5.6	11	2.0
04	Join the Labor Union	0	0.0	0	0.0	3	2.2	5	3.5	8	1.5
05	Undecided	4	3.1	2	1.4	0	0.0	0	0.0	6	1.1

Through the survey statistics in Table 12, the author draws the following observations:

- Up to 514 opinions - accounting for 94.1% of surveyed students want to go to high school.

- Vocational schools only have 7 opinions - accounting for 1.3%, vocational training accounts for 2.0%, participating in production labor 1.5%, undecided 1.1%.

The above shows us that most junior high school students in Chiem Hoa district, Tuyen Quang province want to go to high school, other directions only account for a very low number.

Looking for the cause of this problem, we see that in Tuyen Quang there are few places that accept workers with secondary school education to work. If you want to find a job, you have to go to other provinces or Hanoi, and industrial zones such as Binh Duong, Dong Nai, etc. That has forced them to continue their studies even though their family circumstances are still poor. In addition, in Tuyen Quang there are very few secondary schools and vocational schools that accept students who have not completed high school, so when they graduate from secondary school, they do not know what to do other than continue their studies.

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