HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Ngo Quang Anh
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Topic name
RESEARCH ON ZIGBEE/IEEE 802.15.4 WIRELESS CONNECTION STANDARD
REGULAR UNIVERSITY GRADUATION THESIS
Industry: Electronics and Telecommunications
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Phan Anh Co-supervisor: Dr. Tran Anh Tuan
HANOI – 2005
Thanks
First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to all the teachers in the school who have guided me throughout my four years of university. In particular, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professor Phan Anh , who has given me great motivation to complete this thesis.
I would also like to thank Mr. Tran Anh Tuan, the staff at the center, family and friends for their wholehearted guidance, instruction and always creating all favorable conditions.
best for you all the time
Student
Ngo Quang Anh
Summary of thesis content
Currently, ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 technology is considered an effective solution to the problem of communication in narrow frequency bands and the therapy of using shared frequency channels between devices. ZigBee technology operates in the 868/915 MHz band in Europe and 2.4 GHz in the US and Japan, applied to control systems with low transmission speed and long operating cycles. This technology is superior to Bluetooth in terms of low energy consumption, small transmission delay, easy expansion, and low cost. Within the framework of this topic, I have researched ZigBee technology and successfully simulated the routing process in ZigBee mesh networks. The simulation program is written in Visual C language and runs on MatLab.
INDEX
Foreword 5
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF WPAN NETWORK. 6
1.1 WPAN network concept 6
1.2 The development of WPAN 6 network
1.3 Classification of WPAN network standards 7
1.4 Overview of ZigBee/ IEEE 802.15.4 7
1.4.1 Concept 7
1.4.2 Feature 7
1.4.3 Advantages of ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 over Bluetooth/IEEE802.15.1 8
1.4 ZigBee Network/ IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN. 9
1.4.2 Components of LR-WPAN 9 network
1.4.3 Network architecture 10
1.5.2.1 Star network topology 11
1.5.2.2 Mesh network topology 11
1.5.2.3 Cluster-tree network topology 12
CHAPTER 2 ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 STANDARD. 14
2.1 Protocol model of ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 14
2.2 ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer 15
2.2.1 Signal modulation model of the physical layer. 17
2.2.1.1 PHY layer signal modulation at 2.4 GHz band 17
2.2.1.1.1 Modulation diagram 17
2.2.1.1.2 Bit to character converter 17
2.2.1.1.3 Character to chip converter: 17
2.2.1.1.4 O-QPSK 19 modulator
2.2.1.2 Signal modulation of PHY layer at 868/915MHz frequency band 20
2.2.1.2.1 Modulation diagram 20
2.2.1.2.2 Differential encoder 20
2.2.1.2.3 Bit-to-chip mapper. 21
2.2.1.2.4 BPSK binary phase shift keying modulator 21
2.2.2 IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer Specifications 21
2.2.2.1 ED (energy detection) index 21
2.2.2.2 Line Quality Index (LQI) 22
2.2.2.3 Channel Assessment Index (CCA) 22
2.2.3 PPDU frame format 22
2.3 ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Data Control Layer 23
2.3.1 Superframe structure. 23
2.3.1.1 CAP 25 Frame
2.3.1.2 CFP Frame 25
2.3.1.3 Interframe Spacing (IFS) 25
2.3.2 Multiple access collision avoidance algorithm using carrier sensing CSMA-CA. 26
2.3.3 Data transmission models. 29
2.3.4 Transmitting beacon information 32
2.3.5 GTS Guaranteed Time Slot Management and Allocation. 32
2.3.6 MAC frame format. 34
2.4 Network layer of ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 35
2.4.1 Network Services 35
2.4.2 Security Services 35
2.5 Application layer of ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 37
CHAPTER 3 ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 ROUTING ALGORITHM 39
3.1 AODV (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector) routing algorithm 39
3.2 Tree Algorithm 42
3.2.1 Single-branch tree algorithm 42
3.2.2 Multi-branched tree algorithm. 45
CHAPTER 4 Simulating routing algorithm in ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 mesh network using MatLab and Visual C software. 51
4.1 Algorithm diagram 51
4.2 Results and evaluation 52
4.3 Conclusion 55
APPENDIX 56
Program source code: 56
Reference 69
Preface
Every day we see new examples of how information and communication technology (ICT) is changing the lives of people around the world. To one degree or another, the digital revolution has spread to every corner of the globe.
In today’s telecommunications networks, people are managing, exchanging, communicating, debating, “politicizing,” buying and selling, experimenting – in other words, doing all sorts of things in ways that only ICT can do. The telecommunications network has created a bridge connecting people across our planet, and it is expanding constantly, full of promise, hope and no mystery. However, in a limited frequency band, there are still many challenges to achieving its full potential. Scientists around the world have thought about using higher frequency bands, but this is facing many obstacles because electronics and manufacturing technology have not kept up. Therefore, an urgent solution is to use the same frequency channel, although there are still many problems arising, such as interference between devices on the same frequency, or conflicts between devices... One of the new technologies currently being applied in communication networks that has achieved efficiency is ZigBee technology.
ZigBee technology is applied to control and sensor systems with low transmission speed but long operating cycle. ZigBee technology operates in the 868/915 MHz and 2.4 GHz frequency bands, with the advantages of low transmission delay, low energy consumption, low cost, few errors, easy to expand, high compatibility. In this thesis, I would like to present my research on ZigBee technology and simulate ZigBee routing algorithm to better understand this technology.
Hopefully, through the issues mentioned in this thesis, readers will have a deeper appreciation and understanding of ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 technology and its role and potential in life.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF WPAN NETWORK.
1.1 Concept of WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network).
Wireless personal area networks are used to provide information transmission over relatively short distances. Unlike WLANs (wireless local area networks), WPANs can communicate efficiently without requiring much infrastructure. This feature allows for low-cost, compact solutions that still provide high performance in communication, especially in a limited bandwidth.
1.2 The development of WPAN network
During the mid-20th century, wired telephone networks were widely used and were an essential need for life. However, the reality is that as society develops, service needs also increase, in communications, the costs of the wired telephone network also increase, plus the need for mobility in communications, ... And the birth of the cellular telephone network is the inevitable development and expansion of the wired telephone network. The cellular telephone network and the frequency reuse method are the only methods to solve the problem of many independent users on a limited radio frequency band (For example, standards GSM, IS-136, IS-95).
During the mid-1980s, the IEEE 802.11 standard was developed to serve the needs of smaller cell areas with high data traffic and user density. While IEEE 802.11 addresses things like Ethernet transmission speed, forwarding, and data traffic over relatively long distances (about 100m), WPAN focuses on solving the problem of data control in smaller spaces (radius 30m). The features of the WPAN standard are low power loss, low power consumption, and operation in small spaces and small sizes. Therefore, it makes the best use of the advantages of frequency channel reuse technology, which is
solve the current problem of limited bandwidth. The IEEE 802.15 standards group issued
born to serve the WPAN standard.
1.3 Classification of WPAN network standards.
IEEE 802.15 can be divided into 3 types of WPAN networks, which are distinguished through transmission speed, energy consumption level and quality of service (QoS: quality of service).
High-speed WPAN (IEEE 802.15.3 standard) is suitable for multimedia applications requiring high quality of service.
Medium-speed WPAN (IEEE 802.15.1 / Bluetooth standard) is used in cellular telephone networks to PDA and has QoS suitable for voice information.
Low-speed WPAN (IEEE 802.15.4 / LR-WPAN) is used in industrial products with limited lifetime, medical applications that only require low energy consumption, do not require high transmission speed and QoS. The low data transmission speed allows LR-WPAN to consume less energy. In this standard, ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 technology is a typical example.
1.4 Overview of ZigBee/ IEEE 802.15.4
1.4.1 Concept
The name ZigBee comes from the way honey bees communicate important information with other members of the hive. It is the “ Zig -Zag” communication style of honey bees . And the ZigBee principle is formed by combining the first two letters together. The birth of this technology is the solution to the problem of separate devices working together to solve a problem.
1.4.2 Characteristics
The characteristics of ZigBee technology are low transmission speed, low power consumption, low cost, and is a wireless network protocol aimed at remote control and automation applications. IEEE 802.15.4 started working on the low speed standard for a short time, then the ZigBee subcommittee and IEEE decided to merge and name this new technology ZigBee. The goal of ZigBee technology is to aim at