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Principles and Methods of Evaluating Natural Conditions and Natural Resources for Tourism Development



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Principles and Methods of Evaluating Natural Conditions and Natural Resources for Tourism Development

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Figure 1.4. Diagram of the relationship system between natural systems, social population, and tourism. The orientation of tourism development in the territory of TN - TQ - BK is the impact of humans on natural conditions and natural resources. The systematic nature here is shown in two aspects: (1) : Natural conditions and natural resources need to be protected and preserved, this has special significance in determining the criteria; (2) : In the activities

In tourism, the enjoyment of natural resources and natural conditions in their original state is more valuable, but tourism inevitably has negative impacts on nature. This requires a systematic approach to both protecting nature and exploiting it for tourism purposes. The application of a systemic approach to tourism research will ensure consistency in research, implementation and management of tourism activities in the territory.


1.2.5.3. Territorial perspective

According to the viewpoint, any geographical object is associated with a specific space. In that space, geographical objects reflect the characteristics of the territory, distinguishing this territory from other territories.

Applying the territorial perspective in the thesis focused on evaluating the natural conditions and natural resources of the three provinces of TN - TQ - BK for sustainable tourism development. Tourism activities have the characteristics of being inter-regional and highly socialized, so when studying factors related to tourism activities, the territorial perspective cannot be separated.

1.2.5.4. Environmental and ecological perspective

The goal of tourism development is to achieve high economic efficiency but must preserve the ecological environment. These are two inseparable aspects to ensure sustainable tourism development.

Some types of tourism such as ecotourism, natural tourism… are closely linked to the landscape and natural environment. Therefore, the territorial integrity of the ecosystem must always be respected in tourism development.

Applying this perspective, solutions to ensure environmental integrity need to be taken seriously, the impacts of tourism activities on the carrying capacity of the environment need to be taken into account so as not to disrupt the ecological balance, creating an environment for sustainable tourism development.

1.2.5.5. Sustainable development perspective

Tourism development must be associated with the protection and restoration of resources and a sustainable ecological environment. Applying this viewpoint, in the process of exploiting resources for tourism development, it is necessary to set up restoration plans and build appropriate management mechanisms, exploiting natural and human resources so that the natural environment and scenic spots are not affected.


At the same time, it must be maintained and upgraded. Tourism planning needs to pay special attention to tourist destinations that are highly sensitive both in terms of nature and humanity, and must have strict management measures to prevent negative impacts from tourism activities on the cultural environment.

– local society

1.2.6. Principles and methods of evaluating natural conditions and natural resources for tourism development

1.2.6.1. Nature of evaluation activities

The topic approaches ecological adaptation assessment. The nature of the assessment is to determine the suitability (favorability) of natural conditions and natural resources for tourism economic activities.

The comprehensive assessment of natural resources is to determine the suitability of the whole area for one or more purposes of using the territory or some main types of exploitation and use. The assessment of natural resources and natural resources is a form of comprehensive assessment of natural wholes for a specific purpose of using the territory such as: agriculture, forestry, tourism...

Evaluation of natural resources is to compare the ability of resources to meet the requirements for the development of specific types of tourism products. This is a difficult and complicated task because the evaluation is not only related to natural conditions and exploitation capabilities but also directly related to the needs, preferences, and psychological characteristics of the market for types of tourism products that are considered suitable for the characteristics of natural conditions and natural resources of the territory. Therefore, resource evaluation must be constantly improved in terms of methodology, assessment methods, and assessment tools.

In the world and in Vietnam today, there are many types of resource assessment for tourism, which are:


- Psychological-aesthetic type: Assessing the level of emotions and psychological-aesthetic reactions of tourists to TNDL, the basis of assessment is based on sociological survey statistics. Assessing the attractiveness of the landscape is applying this type of assessment.

- Bioclimate type (human bioclimate): Evaluates climate criteria and suitable climate time for human health or tourism activities. The evaluation is based on studies on human bioclimate through specific experiments to determine the level of climate suitability for humans. In this study, the bioclimate type is applied to evaluate the time of year for tourism exploitation.

- Technical type: Based on certain technical indicators of natural and human criteria such as: slope, water quality, air quality, distance - transportation distance, average land use area/person... to determine the value of natural conditions and natural resources for tourism development, as a basis for assessing the level of differentiation of tourism territories, determining tourist spots, routes, and tourist areas. The assessment of the scale of exploitation potential in the topic is the application of this form of assessment.

1.2.6.2. Evaluation principles

a. General principle

In the comprehensive assessment of nature, it is necessary to consider and evaluate the components according to many criteria and indicators, and finally to make a comprehensive assessment to choose the appropriate direction and plan for landscape planning. Tourism activities must also be based on this basic principle.

b. Principle of relative adaptation

In nature, there is no general synthesis of good or bad nature, it can only be good or bad for a specific object. Therefore,


Determining the appropriate level of natural resources and environment for each type of tourism must also be based on this basic principle [41].

1.2.6.3. Evaluation activity content

Ecological adaptation assessment is often applied in landscape planning based on natural characteristics. According to Nguyen Cao Huan (2005), the assessment includes the following stages [29]:

a. Determine goals, tasks, and evaluation objects

- Evaluation objectives: Evaluation objectives must be clear, this is the basis for determining the scope, type of research tasks, overall geographical levels and choosing appropriate research and evaluation methods.

Evaluation of natural resources and tourism resources must be based on the objectives and the objects that will use the results. The evaluation objectives must be considered on the basis of tourists and tourism resource operators. For tourists, it is only necessary to consider whether the resource is suitable for carrying out a certain tourism activity. For resource operators to organize tourism activities, it is necessary to consider many basic criteria such as: tourist capacity, tourism exploitation time, location of the tourist destination, etc. In addition, to ensure the effectiveness of resource exploitation, when evaluating, it is also necessary to consider the socio-economic development trend of the locality.

Evaluation of natural conditions and the ability to exploit potential for tourism development on the basis of preserving natural values ​​and protecting the ecological environment is the evaluation objective of the topic.

- Evaluation object: The evaluation object of the topic is the natural resources and tourism resources of the TN-TQ-BK territory for tourism purposes and in relation to tourism activities of the whole country.

- Evaluation content: When evaluating natural conditions and tourism resources for tourism purposes, it is necessary to focus on evaluating some main contents: the attractiveness of


landscape, tourist capacity, tourism operation time, tourism infrastructure and technical facilities.

b. Determine the ecological needs of the type of use, make a statistical table of the natural characteristics of the territory to be evaluated.

Exploiting natural resources for tourism requires certain ecological conditions. These conditions are the basis for selecting and classifying evaluation criteria. Ecological needs can be drawn from research. Based on the research results, establish a statistical table of natural components and criteria that need to be evaluated.

c. Select evaluation criteria and indicators

Select criteria and indicators that reflect the characteristics of the territory, are really necessary and important to the evaluation subject. Depending on the evaluation purpose, evaluation subject or research scale, determine the number of criteria and indicators to be selected. Principles for selection:

- The selected criteria must reflect their relationship to the evaluation subject.

- The number of selection criteria and indicators must be less than or equal to the number of properties of the known landscapes listed in the table.

- Prioritize selecting indicators with spatial differentiation.

Currently, in the assessment of TNDL, the application of some indicators for foreigners to the assessment of Vietnam tourism needs more specific research and certain adjustments because most of these indicators are built for the territory of temperate regions which have many differences with Vietnam. The indicators for assessing tourism from the perspective of geography need to refer to the indicators of other fields such as medicine, architecture, etc. for suitability.

d. Component evaluation

Component evaluation, also known as individual evaluation, consists of two tasks: building a component evaluation basis table for each selected factor and


Based on those factors, the composition of each landscape is evaluated. The number of composition evaluation tables depends on the number of evaluation subjects.

It is necessary to establish a component evaluation score, which is a factor that shows the level of adaptation or convenience of the component to the specific usage needs. The level of adaptation can be expressed in words through the words: very adaptable (very favorable), average adaptable (average favorable), less adaptable (less favorable), not adaptable (not favorable). However, the form of expression by score is used more because the results are concise, easy to compare between the evaluated objects, especially when there are many evaluations.

Based on the evaluation table, evaluate each component, compare the values ​​of the overall locations to determine their corresponding points. When the evaluation factors with the characteristics of the landscape have a linear relationship, some correlation evaluation formulas will be used.

e. General assessment

The overall assessment can calculate the sum, product, average or geometric mean of the component assessment scores. However, if calculating the sum or product, it is difficult to compare because each assessment subject has unequal assessment selection factors, so using the average or geometric mean method is most reasonable.

In assessing the role of factors for the subject of assessment is not the same, so it is necessary to determine the weight to adjust before classifying the ecological adaptation of the overall site. Multiplying the individual assessment score with the weight is very necessary but does not always achieve positive results, so clarifying the scientific basis for determining the assessment weight is very important.

It is necessary to build a general assessment table based on the average or geometric mean of the component assessments or it can be based on the accumulation of


The average score and the correlation differentiate the best and worst scores. In the overall assessment, there are two basic levels: adaptive and non-adaptive, combined with some intermediate levels. The adaptive level includes: very adaptive, moderately adaptive, poorly adaptive; the non-adaptive level can remain the same or can be divided into temporary non-adaptive and permanent non-adaptive. It can be divided into 4, 5 or 6 assessment levels, each level corresponding to the value range of the overall assessment score.

g. Actual verification and usage recommendations

Based on the general assessment results of the DKTN, TNDL is compared with the current status and orientation of local tourism development. The results of the field inspection are a very important and indispensable evidence.

Compare with other factors such as: characteristics of socio-economic factors that affect the exploitation and use of resources, planning and orientation of local tourism development to make recommendations on the use of nature for tourism development in a reasonable and sustainable manner.

1.3. Research method

1.3.1. General research methodology

1.3.1.1. Methods of data collection, analysis and processing

This is an important method in the thesis research process. All relevant data, reports, documents, information sources, etc. are collected from many different sources and classified according to each purpose of use for each specific content of the topic; Then proceed to process and analyze to draw the necessary conclusions.

1.3.1.2. Field method

Field methods help to collect, complete documents and verify research results against practice. During the thesis implementation process,

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