Consumer brand clubs will help distinguish the class of the consumer group participating in it. And people do not hesitate to show off their product choice when that product creates their own brand power. They create for consumers the belief in the spiritual value of using the product more than simply making them see them as good products.
Expanding direct sales to organizations and consumer groups is also one of the effective ways to stimulate consumption. Currently, there are many large labor collectives, but due to working conditions during office hours or in shifts, employees do not have time to buy essential items for themselves and their families. P&G Vietnam can organize to bring goods to sell directly to these groups. For example, going to kindergartens to sell Pamper diapers, going to garment and textile factories with thousands of female workers to sell washing powder and shampoo... Sales for each sale will be very positive, and product dissemination will also be effective because the number of consumers in these organizations is very large.
From an objective perspective and assessment, I have presented general and specific solutions to improve the Marketing mix activities of P&G Vietnam. Hopefully, through this, all readers can refer to the writer's own opinions and at the same time draw more comprehensive assessments of the overall Marketing mix activities of P&G Vietnam.
CONCLUDE
Marketing mix activities play a very important role in creating strong business for enterprises. A correct and reasonable Marketing Mix strategy will help enterprises develop products, enhance their brands in consumer tastes, help products be distributed easily and most effectively to customers and consumers, contributing to increasing sales and achieving business goals of the enterprise.
P&G Vietnam's Marketing Mix activities are viewed and analyzed from the synthesis of factors affecting from inside and outside the enterprise, so the reflection process ensures objectivity and comprehensiveness. Through the research process, it can be seen that the Company's Marketing Mix activities are built and organized according to the general model of the global P&G group, so they are organized very consistently and tightly. However, the strategies in each specific factor have their own application bases depending on the Company's goals aimed at different customers and market segments in Vietnam. Therefore, solutions to improve Marketing Mix activities are also proposed according to each separate application condition for each customer, each market segment as well as each different time.
It can be concluded that Marketing Mix activities contribute significantly to gaining competitive advantage, creating overall strength for P&G Vietnam. To further develop, the Company needs to pay due attention to continue promoting strengths, overcoming and limiting weaknesses and existing difficulties to always affirm its position as one of the leading enterprises in the field of consumer chemicals in the Vietnamese market.
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Phan Le Dung (2006), Market research for Marketing managers , Ho Chi Minh City Institute for Economic Research and Development.
2. Vu The Hai (2005), Planning an effective business plan , Statistical Publishing House.
3. National Economics University (1997), International Marketing Textbook , Education Publishing House.
4. Foreign Trade University (2001), Marketing Theory Textbook, Statistical Publishing House.
5. Danny R. Arnold, Bobby G. Bizzell (1997), Business strategy and tactics , Statistical Publishing House.
6. Robert J. Calvin (2005), The Art of Sales Management , Statistical Publishing House.
7. W. Chankin, Renue Mauborgne(2006), Blue Ocean Strategy,
Knowledge Publishing House, Alpha Book Joint Stock Company.
8. Michael J. Ettzel (2001), Marketing , Statistical Publishing House.
9. Philip Kotler (1999), Marketing Management , Statistical Publishing House.
10. Philip Kotler (2001), Basic Marketing , Statistical Publishing House.
11. David J. Luck – Ronald S. Rubin (1999), Marketing research , Statistical Publishing House.
12. Rita Clifton, John Simsons(2006), Brand and Branding , Bloomberg Press.
13. Subbash C. Jain (2007), Marketing Planning & Strategy , South Western Collegiate Publishing.
14. Laura Lowell(2005), 42 Rules of Marketing , Super Star.
15. Internal documents of P&G Vietnam.
16. http://www.pg.com
17. http://www.unilever.com.vn
18. http://www.allbrands.com
19. http://www.prehall.com
20. http://www.ask.edu.vn/?s=&m=news&c=20&id=289
21. http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/ Khoa-hoc/2004/10/3B9D7D21/
22. http://www.vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Dau-Xuan-gio-phuoc-loc-ruoc-ca-year-and-heart-of-a-business/55179498/88/
23. http://www.lantabrand.com/cat3news348.html
24. http://www.vn.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080330071944AAplPHX
25. http://www.old.netmode.com.vn/mypham/tintuc/2005/09/486222/
26. http:// www.cohoi Giaothuong.com.vn/category.asp?groupid=Sukienkhu yenmai
27. http://www.baobinhduong.org.vn/detail.aspx?Item=9781
28. http://www.vietbao.vn/Xa-hoi/PG-va-METRO-VN-trao-tang-hon-100-trieu-dong-cho-lang-SOS-Go-Vap/45240056/157/
29. http://www.anminh.com/html/detail1.asp?iPro=130&iType=59
30. http://www.massogroup.com/cms/content/view/1760/290/lang,vn/
APPENDIX
BRANDS AND PRODUCT TYPES OF P&G VIETNAM
Brand
Product Variants | Size | |
I. HAIR CARE PRODUCT GROUP | ||
Rejoice | Smooth fruit Fruits for dandruff Long and smooth Super smooth Dandruff treatment New vitality Velvet Sun protection Family | Package form: 7.5ml, Bottle form: 100ml, 175ml, 200ml, 300ml, 350ml, 400ml, 700ml. |
Head & Shoulder | Cool mint Scalp care Smooth Natural silky green tea Pure lemon scent Smooth black Special treatment (Imported from Thailand) | Package form: 7ml, 5ml. Bottle form: 70ml, 90ml, 175ml, 220ml, 350ml, 650ml. |
Pantene | Rich in moisturizing nutrients Dandruff treatment Smooth Healthy scalp Prevent hair loss Youthful | Package form: 7.5ml Bottle form: 100ml, 200ml, 400ml, 750ml. |
Hair accessories | Rejoice Conditioner Pantene conditioner + hair mask Rejoice, Pantene no-rinse hair styling cream | |
II. HOMECARE PRODUCTS | ||
1. LAUNDRY PRODUCTS | ||
Maybe you are interested!
-
Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area
zt2i3t4l5ee
zt2a3gsconsumer,consumption,consumer behavior,marketing,mobile marketing
zt2a3ge
zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts
- Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities
The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups.
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6)
- Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51).
- Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old
accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old).
- Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%.
- Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities.
- Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those
People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%.
4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area
According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Alid
<1 year
5
.6
.6
.6
1-3 years
194
23.2
23.2
23.8
4-10 years
571
68.4
68.4
92.2
>10 years
65
7.8
7.8
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in people's daily lives.
When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of
of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone company's network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use
Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country.
According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Prepay
591
70.8
70.8
70.8
Pay later
160
19.2
19.2
89.9
Both of the above
84
10.1
10.1
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services.
In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<100,000
212
25.4
25.4
25.4
100-300,000
406
48.6
48.6
74.0
300,000-500,000
147
17.6
17.6
91.6
>500,000
70
8.4
8.4
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels.
The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4)
Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
142
17.0
17.0
17.0
3-10 news
427
51.1
51.1
68.1
>10 news
266
31.9
31.9
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5)
Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
175
21.0
21.0
21.0
3-10 news
436
55.0
55.0
76.0
>10 news
197
24.0
24.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants.
4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing
According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Have
785
94.0
94.0
94.0
Are not
50
6.0
6.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results.
In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7)
div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s14 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s15 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s16 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 5.5pt; vertical-align: 3pt; } div.maincontent .s17 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 8.5pt; } div.maincontent .s18 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s19 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s20 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s21 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s22 { color: black; font-family:"Courier New", monospace; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s23 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s24 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s25 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s26 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s27 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5pt; } div.maincontent .s28 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s29 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s30 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s31 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s32 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s33 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s35 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s36 { color: #F00; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s37 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s38 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 8.5pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s39 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s40 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: 4pt; } div.maincontent .s41 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s42 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s43 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 7.5pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s44 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s45 { color: #F00; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s46 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s47 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s48 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s49 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: -2pt; } div.maincontent .s50 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; } div.maincontent .s51 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: -1pt; } div.maincontent .s52 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: -2pt; } div.maincontent .s53 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s54 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: -1pt; } div.maincontent .s55 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s56 { color: #00F; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s57 { color: #00F; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s58 { color: #00F; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s59 { color: #00F; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s60 { color: #00F; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s61 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s62 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s63 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .content_head2 { color: #F00; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s64 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s67 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; } div.maincontent .s68 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s69 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s70 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; tex -
Some marketing mix solutions to promote the appraisal service activities of Cotecna Vietnam Co., Ltd. - 11 -
Experience in Bank Marketing Activities in Some Countries [4] & [24] -
The effectiveness of marketing communication activities for the program "An gia lap nghiep" for individual customers at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development - Thua Thien Hue branch - 13 -
Accounting for production costs and product pricing of P&G Advertising and Trading Company Limited - 1

Tide detergent
Tide 3X Super Clean Tide Downy | 400 gr 800 gr 1.5 kg 2.4 kg 3 kg 4.5 kg | |
Downy Fabric Softener | Downy Morning Sunshine Pure Commission Antibacterial | Wire: 10 packs Package: 400ml Bottle: 1l, 2l |
2. BATH SOAP PRODUCTS | ||
Camay | White Camay Red Camay Black Camay | 100gr 125gr |
Safeguard | Safeguard Pink Safeguard Green Safeguard White Safeguard Fruit | 100gr 125gr |
3. BABY CARE PRODUCTS | ||
Pamper Diapers | Pamper Fresh & Dry Pamper All night Pamper night regular Pamper night regular Pamper night regular Pamper TK Night Pamper TK Night Pamper TK Night Paper Stages-Active Baby Pamper DPR New Born Pampers DPR S Pampers DPR M Pampers DPR L Pampers DPR XL | Jumbo Package Small package Savings package M 10x10 L 8x10 XL 6x10 M 40x4 L 38x4 XL 38x4 |
4. WOMEN'S CARE PRODUCTS
Wisper | Wisper Wings Wisper Slim Wisper Ultra Night | 10 pieces wings 5 piece wings 10 pieces thin 5 pieces thin |
III. SKIN CARE PRODUCTS | ||
Olay skin cream | Skin whitening cream Advanced Average Anti-aging cream | 20g, 50g |
Olay Total Effects Cream | Olay TE UV protection Olay TE GF for gentle, sensitive skin Olay TE Serum 2x helps Olay essence penetrate faster | 150g jar |
Olay TE lotion, moisturizer | Olay TE lotion (body lotion) Olay TE moisturizer | 30ml bottle 50g box |
Olay White Radiance: | Mask, Lotion Skin whitening lotion Skin whitening lotion Skin whitening mask Skin whitening mask | Bottle: 30ml, 75ml Pieces: 1 piece, 5 pieces |
Facial cleanser | 50g tube | |
Specialized whitening cream with daily sun protection 3 in 1 skin whitening cream Specialized night whitening cream | 50g box | |
Olay Total White Cream | Olay TW Yellow Cream: Normal skin Olay TW Orange Cream: Dark skin | 10gr package Tube 20g, 40g, 80g |
Olay Body Wash | Olay Pure Body Wash Olay Moisturizing Body Wash Olay anti-aging shower gel Olay Cool Natural Body Wash | 354ml 700ml |
IV. OTHER PRODUCTS
1. ORAL-B PRODUCTS | ||
Oral-B toothbrush | Oral-B Max Plus toothbrush Indicator Indi Plus Indium Super Thin Fresh Clean Arcni Advantage Artica Advantage Plus | |
Oral-B Children's Products | Mickey Kids Stages Kitty Spiderman Barbie Batman | Box: 96 trees |
Battery Brush | Children's electric toothbrush CROSS ACTION Power TB Braun Battery Toothbrush DB1 D4 | Box: 6 sticks 1 pack: 3 replacement heads 1 box: 12 blisters |
Oral-B Accessories | Baby cream (Netherlands) Dental floss Mouthwash Sensitive toothpaste | Box : 6 tubes 48 blisters / carton 12 bottles / carton 6 tubes / box |
2. GILLETTE PRODUCTS | ||

![Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area
zt2i3t4l5ee
zt2a3gsconsumer,consumption,consumer behavior,marketing,mobile marketing
zt2a3ge
zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts
- Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities
The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups.
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6)
- Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51).
- Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old
accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old).
- Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%.
- Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities.
- Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those
People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%.
4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area
According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Alid
<1 year
5
.6
.6
.6
1-3 years
194
23.2
23.2
23.8
4-10 years
571
68.4
68.4
92.2
>10 years
65
7.8
7.8
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in peoples daily lives.
When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of
of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone companys network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use
Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country.
According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Prepay
591
70.8
70.8
70.8
Pay later
160
19.2
19.2
89.9
Both of the above
84
10.1
10.1
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services.
In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<100,000
212
25.4
25.4
25.4
100-300,000
406
48.6
48.6
74.0
300,000-500,000
147
17.6
17.6
91.6
>500,000
70
8.4
8.4
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels.
The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4)
Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
142
17.0
17.0
17.0
3-10 news
427
51.1
51.1
68.1
>10 news
266
31.9
31.9
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5)
Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
175
21.0
21.0
21.0
3-10 news
436
55.0
55.0
76.0
>10 news
197
24.0
24.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants.
4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing
According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Have
785
94.0
94.0
94.0
Are not
50
6.0
6.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results.
In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7)
div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s14 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s15 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s16 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 5.5pt; vertical-align: 3pt; } div.maincontent .s17 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 8.5pt; } div.maincontent .s18 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s19 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s20 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s21 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s22 { color: black; font-family:Courier New, monospace; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s23 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s24 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s25 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s26 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s27 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5pt; } div.maincontent .s28 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s29 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s30 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s31 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s32 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s33 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s35 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s36 { color: #F00; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s37 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s38 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 8.5pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s39 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s40 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: 4pt; } div.maincontent .s41 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s42 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s43 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 7.5pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s44 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s45 { color: #F00; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s46 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 7pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s47 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s48 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s49 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: -2pt; } div.maincontent .s50 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; } div.maincontent .s51 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: -1pt; } div.maincontent .s52 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: -2pt; } div.maincontent .s53 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s54 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: -1pt; } div.maincontent .s55 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10.5pt; } div.maincontent .s56 { color: #00F; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s57 { color: #00F; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s58 { color: #00F; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s59 { color: #00F; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s60 { color: #00F; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s61 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s62 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s63 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .content_head2 { color: #F00; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s64 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s67 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; } div.maincontent .s68 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s69 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s70 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; tex](https://tailieuthamkhao.com/uploads/2022/12/03/cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-den-hanh-vi-nguoi-tieu-dung-doi-voi-hoat-dong-13-1-120x90.jpg)

![Experience in Bank Marketing Activities in Some Countries [4] & [24]](https://tailieuthamkhao.com/en/uploads/2024/08/22/experience-in-bank-marketing-activities-in-some-countries-4-24-120x90.jpg)

