Part 3
OBJECTS, CONTENT AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
3.1. Research object and scope
- Research object: electronic total station, and Microstation V8i and Gcadas software. For detailed measurement and editing of cadastral maps.
- Scope of research: Detailed measurement, using computer software to edit cadastral map sheet No. 24 of Pho Lu Town - Bao Thang District - Lao Cai Province.
3.2. Location and time of implementation
- Location: VietMap Company Limited
- Implementation time: From January 3, 2020 to May 15, 2020
3.3. Research content
3.3.1. Natural - socio-economic conditions and land use situation of Pho Lu town
3.3.1.1. Natural conditions
- Geographical location (terrain, climate....)
- Natural terrain (land resources, water resources ...)
3.3.1.2. Socio-economic conditions
- Economy (labor, transportation, energy...)
- Society (culture, health, education...)
3.3.2. Establishment of survey control network
- Current land fund status
- Land management situation
3.3.3. Establishment of land use map No. 24 of Pho Lu town from detailed measurement data
* Preparation work
- Collect relevant documents for mapping work.
- Field survey of the measuring area.
- Preliminary grid design on base map.
* Field work
- Bury the direction marker.
- Measure the basic elements of the mesh
* Internal work
- Grid control error
3.3.4. Establishing commune cadastral map from detailed measurement data
- Field work (detailed field measurement)
- Internal work: creating and editing maps using MicroStation V8i and Gcadas software; Printing and storing maps.
3.4 Research methods
3.4.1. Survey method, data collection
Collect data from functional agencies such as the People's Committee of Pho Lu town, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Bao Thang district on existing elevation points, cadastral maps, natural conditions, socio-economic conditions of the research area to serve the topic, and at the same time conduct field surveys to know the actual terrain conditions of the survey area to have a suitable survey arrangement plan.
3.4.2.Measurement method
The topic uses the RTK KOLIDA K9 - T machine to measure and control the ground control network. The ground control network will be measured by GPS method 3 times, then the average value of the measurement results will be taken. After measuring and calculating the complete ground control network, proceed to measure the detailed factors in the field.
3.4.3. Data processing method
Field control network measurement data will be preliminarily processed and formatted, then Pronet software will be used to calculate and adjust the types of lines. The results after each calculation step will be reviewed and evaluated for accuracy. If it meets the required standards, it will be carried out.
next steps and outputs the exact coordinates of the grid control points.
3.4.4 Map method
The project uses Microstation V8i software combined with Gcadas software, which are standard software used in the cadastral industry to edit cadastral maps, upload measurement data into the software according to standards, then use commands to edit cadastral maps for the research area.
Part 4
RESEARCH RESULTS & DISCUSSION
4.1 Natural - economic - social conditions
4.1.1. Natural conditions
Geographical location:
Pho Lu Town is a midland mountainous area with a particularly important position and is located in the center of Bao Thang district. Pho Lu Town has 13 villages, a population of 10,802 people with a total natural land area of 22.19 km², a population density of 487 people/km².
About the boundaries:
+ East borders Xuan Quang and Tri Quang communes
+ North borders Thai Nien and Xuan Quang communes
+ South borders Son Ha commune, Pho Lu
+ West borders Son Ha and Son Hai communes
- Pho Lu has National Highway 4E, Hanoi - Lao Cai railway and expressway passing through the area.
- About terrain: Pho Lu town is a narrow valley running along the Red River.
+ The North and West are not flat, there are many hills and mountains, there is a difference in height between the areas.
+ The South and East have relatively flat terrain, creating areas for growing rice and short-term industrial crops. The East borders the Red River, so the canals here are relatively favorable for agricultural production.
- Regarding climate, the commune is located in the tropical monsoon climate zone, divided into 2 distinct seasons, with an average temperature of 22 - 24°C (July - August). The average annual rainfall is 1400 - 1500mm. In general, the climate and weather of Pho Lu town are relatively favorable for the development of cultivation and livestock.
Terrain:
Pho Lu town has a relatively flat terrain interspersed with fields and residential areas that are scattered hills throughout the commune. The physical conditions, infrastructure, and transportation are convenient, favorable for economic development and trade between regions.
Climate:
According to the Lao Cai province hydrometeorological forecasting center, Pho Lu town has the general characteristics of the Northern mountainous region climate, divided into two distinct seasons. The rainy season is from April to October, the dry season is from November to March of the following year. The average temperature is about 20°C, the maximum temperature is 34°C. The average annual temperature is about 9855°C. With such weather and climate conditions, it is very favorable for the development of agriculture and forestry. The town is located in the tropical monsoon climate zone, divided into two distinct seasons, the average temperature is 22 - 24°C (July - August). The average annual rainfall is 1400 - 1500mm.
4.1.2. Socio-economic conditions
Economic Conditions
In recent years, implementing the direction of the Party Committee, People's Council and People's Committee of Pho Lu town on accelerating the industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the period of 2012 - 2017 and the initial results in the new rural construction program, the commune's agricultural sector has somewhat changed its appearance. With two main spearheads of cultivation and livestock, the forestry sector attracts over 53.69% of the commune's labor force.
Social conditions
By the end of 2019, the town's population was 6,832 people with 1,571 households, an average of 4-5 people/household, the natural population growth rate was 1.42%; population density was 790 people/km2; mainly Kinh ethnic group (accounting for 80.57% and some other ethnic groups (accounting for 19.93%). The town had 13 residential areas.
Table 4.1: Current population status of Pho Lu town in 2019
TT number
Village name | Population | |||||
Total | In which divided by ethnicity | Rate of play population growth (%) | ||||
Household | Mouth | Terrible | Other ethnic groups | |||
Total | 1571 | 6832 | 5504 | 1328 | 1.42 | |
1 | Phu Long 1 | 83 | 356 | 161 | 195 | 1.42 |
2 | Phu Long 2 | 68 | 292 | 285 | 7 | 1.42 |
3 | Phu Cuong 1 | 98 | 421 | 356 | 65 | 1.42 |
4 | Phu Cuong 2 | 113 | 485 | 368 | 117 | 1.42 |
5 | Phu Thinh 1 | 125 | 537 | 451 | 86 | 1.42 |
6 | Phu Thinh 2 | 87 | 374 | 335 | 39 | 1.42 |
7 | Phu Thinh 3 | 178 | 765 | 612 | 153 | 1.42 |
8 | Phu Thanh 1 | 150 | 645 | 413 | 232 | 1.42 |
9 | Phu Thanh 2 | 143 | 614 | 452 | 162 | 1.42 |
10 | Phu Thanh 3 | 141 | 606 | 584 | 22 | 1.42 |
11 | Neighborhood Group 1 | 135 | 580 | 465 | 115 | 1.42 |
12 | Neighborhood Group 2 | 113 | 485 | 451 | 34 | 1.42 |
13 | Neighborhood Group 3 | 137 | 672 | 571 | 101 | 1.42 |
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Socio-Economic Conditions -
Natural Conditions, Socio-Economics and Resources for Tourism Development of Hai Phong
(Source: People's Committee of Pho Lu town)
4.1.3. Current status of land use and land management
4.1.3.1. Land management situation of Pho Lu town
Since the 2014 Land Law, State management of land has gradually become more orderly, limiting negative aspects arising in management and use in the commune, basically completing major tasks and plans set forth by the sector, province, district and commune.
Land management has been put into order. Regularly inspect and review the implementation of land use planning and plans, and supervise the implementation of rights and obligations of land users. Specialized departments continue to inspect and guide people to complete land records according to the provisions of law.
- Pho Lu Town, measured and mapped using digital technology, on the VN2000 coordinate system.
- Establishing cadastral maps is regulated by Circular No. 25/2014/TT
– BTNMT and Circular 30/2013/TT – BTNMT Circular Regulations on the implementation of integrating the measurement, establishment or correction of cadastral maps and registration, issuance of Certificates of land use rights, house ownership rights and other assets attached to land, construction of cadastral records, cadastral database
4.1.3.2. Current land use status
Table 4.3: Current land use status of Pho Lu town in 2019
TT
Current land use status | Land code | Area (ha) | Rate (%) | |
Total natural land area | 1642.13 | 100.00 | ||
1 | Agricultural Land | NNP | 267.81 | 16.30 |
1.1 | Agricultural land | Production | 231.32 | 14.08 |
1.2 | Annual crop land | NHK | 232.61 | 14.16 |
1.3 | Rice land | LUC | 219.15 | 13.34 |
1.4 | Flat land for growing other annual crops | BHK | 14.36 | 0.87 |
1.5 | Land for perennial crops | CLN | 68.64 | 4.17 |
2 | Forestry land | LNP | 28.72 | 1.74 |
2.1 | Production forest land | RSX | 119.59 | 7.28 |
2.2 | Protective forest land | RPH | 30.84 | 1.87 |
3 | Aquaculture land | NTS | 36.42 | 2.2 |
4 | Non-agricultural land | PNN | 66.34 | 4.04 |
4.1 | Rural residential land | ONT | 60.57 | 3.68 |
4.2 | Urban residential land | ODT | 54.36 | 3.68 |
5 | Special land | 92.30 | 5.62 | |
5.1 | Land for headquarters, public works | DSK | 2.52 | 0.15 |
5.2 | Defense land | CQP | 2.84 | 0.17 |
5.3 | Land for public purposes | DSH | 31.98 | 1.94 |
5.4 | Traffic land | DGT | 28.54 | 1.73 |
5.5 | Irrigation land | DTL | 68.26 | 4.15 |
5.6 | Energy project land | DNL | 0 | 0 |
5.7 | Land for postal and telecommunications projects | DBV | 0.89 | 0.05 |
5.8 | Cultural land | DVH | 1.81 | 0.11 |
5.9 | Medical facility land | DYT | 4.15 | 0.25 |
5.10 | Land for educational and training facilities | DGD | 3.08 | 0.18 |
5.11 | Land for sports facilities | DTT | 3.52 | 0.21 |
5.12 | Land of religion and belief | BELIEVE | 1.86 | 0.11 |
5.13 | Cemetery land, cemetery | NTD | 5.10 | 0.31 |
5.14 | Land, rivers, streams and specialized water surfaces | SON,MNC | 51.12 | 3.11 |
6 | Unused land | CSD | 3.41 | 0.20 |
6.1 | Unused flat land | BCS | 1.66 | 0.10 |
6.2 | Unused hilly land | DCS | 3.74 | 0.22 |
(Source: People's Committee of Pho Lu Town )
4.2. Establishment of survey control network
4.2.1. Preparation work
4.2.1.1. Collect relevant documents for mapping work.
- Map of administrative boundaries of Pho Lu town.
- Pho Lu Town, measured and mapped using digital technology, on the VN2000 coordinate system.
- Establishing cadastral maps is regulated by Circular No. 25/2014/TT – BTNMT and Circular No. 30/2013/TT – BTNMT Circular regulating the implementation of integrating the measurement, establishment or correction of cadastral maps and registration, issuance of Certificates of land use rights, house ownership rights and other assets attached to land, construction of cadastral records, cadastral database.
4.2.1.2. Survey of measuring area
After collecting the necessary documents for the measurement and establishment of cadastral maps, conduct a field survey to determine the boundaries of the measurement area. At the same time, select points and bury cadastral markers.
4.2.1.3. Preliminary design of theodolite grid
Take 3 cadastral landmarks in the survey area as starting points.
Theodolite grid points must be evenly spaced in the survey area so that one station can measure as many detailed points as possible.