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Factors Affecting Youth Employment Policy Natural Conditions


Enterprises and production and business households overcome difficult times, maintain production, pay salaries and pay social insurance for young people: Decision No. 30/2009/QD-TTg dated February 23, 2009 on support for young people who have lost their jobs in enterprises facing difficulties due to economic downturn; Decision No. 92/2009/QD-TTg dated July 8, 2009 on credit for traders operating in difficult areas. Some other support measures such as: tax exemption and reduction for enterprises, extension of time for payment of some types of taxes (Resolution No. 11/NQ-CP dated February 24, 2011 on key solutions focusing on curbing inflation, stabilizing the macro-economy, ensuring social security; Resolution No. 08/2011/QH13 on promulgating additional tax solutions to remove difficulties for enterprises and individuals; Decision No. 21/2011/QD-TTg dated April 6, 2011 on extension of time for payment of corporate income tax for small and medium enterprises to remove difficulties, contributing to promoting economic development...).

+ Labor export policy

The policy of sending workers to work abroad is a set of measures issued by the State to support young people to participate in the international labor market, including support from vocational training, foreign language teaching, capital provision, and orientation for young people to find a market suitable to their abilities and qualifications.

Currently, our country has established a policy system to promote overseas employment, building comprehensive programs from training to loans to support young people when they return home, especially young people from poor households: Decision No. 365/2004/QD-NHNN on lending capital to workers working abroad under contracts; Decision No. 143/2007/QD-TTg dated July 6, 2007 on the establishment and management of the Overseas Employment Support Fund; Decision No. 71/2009/QD-TTg dated April 29, 2009 approving

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Approved the Project to support poor cities to promote labor export to contribute to sustainable poverty reduction in the period 2009 - 2020 .

Factors Affecting Youth Employment Policy Natural Conditions

+ Vocational training policy

Vocational training policy includes the State's decisions related to the selection of goals, solutions, and tools to implement vocational training for young people. From there, it helps young people develop their own capacity, find suitable jobs, increase income and reduce the general unemployment situation in the country.

According to the calculations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, currently the whole country has about more than 25 million agricultural workers, accounting for 55.7% of the total labor force of the whole country. However, vocational training for young people in our country has not been given due importance. To solve the current situation of vocational training for young people in our country, on November 27, 2009, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 1956/QD-TTg approving the Project "Vocational training for young people until 2020" (referred to as Project 1956). This project contributes to promoting the practical benefits of vocational training, promoting vocational training for young people in rural areas, providing stronger support for farmers in production and improving their lives, and improving the face of rural Vietnam.

Vocational training still has many shortcomings and does not bring high efficiency. Because, currently, in the city, there is no center for career guidance and career counseling for young people; In addition, the target programs on career guidance in the city are still isolated and scattered, leading to the phenomenon that young people after vocational training still cannot find jobs; the centers themselves are sometimes passive in finding the necessary information to adjust the teaching content to suit the needs of many different employers; the training profession has not been implemented


diversity, not meeting the needs of vocational learners; lack of teaching staff, low qualifications, lack of teaching and practice equipment; Particularly for manual vocational training, 97% of workers learn in the form of "father to son", "hand-on training".

Organize the implementation of employment policies for young people

a) Organizational apparatus to implement employment policies for local youth

- The State and central State management agencies develop and issue documents related to job creation for workers. The State empowers the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs to be the focal point in implementing and carrying out job creation policies at the local level.

- People's Committees at all levels coordinate with departments, unions, and socio-political organizations to encourage people to proactively seek jobs and support the provision of information when necessary.

- Based on the actual situation in the locality, the Provincial People's Committee assigns the implementation of employment policies to the City People's Committee, the Department of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs, vocational training facilities for workers, and businesses in the area.

b) Management capacity of the organizational apparatus:

The management capacity of the organizational apparatus in solving employment for young people is demonstrated in the ability to solve policies and regimes for young people; demonstrated through the attitude and capacity of officials and civil servants of competent State agencies when contacting and exchanging with people.

Review, evaluate and adjust employment policies for youth

Review, evaluate and adjust policies

Inspection and supervision work should be carried out regularly but also very limited to avoid affecting the operations of the owners.


In addition, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of employment policies in order to make appropriate adjustments and bring about higher efficiency in solving the employment needs of young people.

Resolve complaints and denunciations and handle violations of the law by the State Management Agency based on the results of investigations, inspections, and prosecutions.

with the provisions of the issued and effective legal documents to promptly handle violations. These functional units also have the role of arbitrators to resolve complaints and denunciations of individuals and organizations related to the implementation of employment policies. Measures to handle violations must be transparent, clear, and strict.

Youth employment policy evaluation is the examination and assessment of the value of the results achieved when promulgating and implementing a public policy.

Policy recognition and evaluation often involve assessing whether these legal provisions are consistent with the requirements of life and how they operate in practice.

However, public policies are not only reflected in legal regulations, they are also in programs, plans, and policies of the state. Therefore, public policy assessment will cover the overall review of the decisions of the state (central government and local government) in solving an urgent problem arising in the practice of state management. Policy assessment allows for consideration and assessment not only of the policy content, but also of the policy implementation process, thereby taking appropriate adjustment measures to meet practical requirements to achieve expected goals.

1.2.4. Factors affecting youth employment policies Natural conditions


Each locality has its own unique natural characteristics, which greatly influence the promulgation and implementation of policies to create jobs for rural workers. When talking about natural conditions, we are talking about factors such as geographical location, land area and mineral resources.

If a locality has a favorable geographical location (near ports, river ports, near traffic routes, near urban cities, with large land areas), it will have conditions to help workers find jobs. This also attracts domestic and foreign investors, from which the local economy will increasingly develop in the direction of industrialization and modernization. Accordingly, many factories, plants, and businesses will be formed, attracting many rural workers. Therefore, the State needs to rely on the actual situation of the locality to be able to come up with the most appropriate and beneficial policies for young people.

Abundant mineral resources are also one of the favorable conditions for the development of mineral exploitation industrial zones. However, local authorities in these areas also need to pay close attention to the issue of how to exploit resources most effectively, avoiding wasting resources.

Socio-economic conditions

Economic conditions here are understood as the level of economic development, which is one of the factors that greatly affects the formulation and implementation of employment policies for rural workers. The economic conditions of each locality are most clearly shown through the total value of products and the structure of economic sectors, thereby determining the local labor structure. When the economy develops, the demand for production increases, factories and enterprises with labor shortages will be a good opportunity for rural workers to find jobs and increase their income. On the contrary, when the local economy develops slowly, it will lead to stagnant production and unemployment. Local economy


Underdeveloped areas lead to poor education, education level and skills of workers do not meet job requirements. This is one of the difficulties in solving employment for rural workers.

The social conditions of the locality are reflected in the population and population structure; labor quality and issues of culture, customs and practices or social security and order. With such social conditions, the District People's Committee needs to develop and adjust policies that are most suitable to the practical conditions of the locality, while promoting the potential and advantages of the locality.

Social environment conditions and security and order are also important factors in determining employment policies. If social order is ensured, people will feel secure in vocational training and work with trust in the authorities at all levels. Accordingly, job creation for rural workers will also become easier.

Other policies and mechanisms of the State

Employment policy is one of the basic policies of each country. Through creating more jobs and ensuring employment for workers, employment policy aims to improve people's welfare, implement social justice, ensure people's social integration, and gradually reduce social isolation. As a socio-economic policy, employment policy cannot be separated from other policies such as population policy, social security policy, monetary policy, etc.

Population policy

Population policy is the sum of the regulations of the General Department of Population on loosening or tightening the population, as well as adjusting the population structure by age and by gender. These regulations are often relative, meaning that


The decision to issue policies to loosen or tighten population and regulations on changing population structure depends on population density, population structure by gender and age in each period and the country's socio-economic development goals.

Population policy implemented after a period of time will have a strong impact on the size and structure of the population, thereby determining the size and structure of the labor force. Based on that practical situation, the State needs to issue policies that are most suitable to the practical labor situation across the country to ensure that all workers in need have the opportunity to find jobs.

Social security policy

Social security policy focuses on four main contents as follows: First, increasing employment opportunities, ensuring minimum income and sustainable poverty reduction for disadvantaged workers through supporting individuals and households to develop production, supporting credit, solving employment and connecting labor market information. Second, expanding opportunities for workers to participate in the social insurance and unemployment insurance policy system to proactively cope with income reduction or loss due to risks, illness, work accidents, old age. Third, providing regular support for people in special circumstances and emergency support for people when facing unforeseen risks or beyond control (crop failure, natural disasters, earthquakes, wars, poverty, etc.) through cash and in-kind payments guaranteed by the state budget. Fourth, increase people's access to basic social services, such as education, health care, housing, clean water and sanitation, and information. Thus, two out of four contents are related to workers. Therefore, implementing social security policies well will create motivation and positive support and reduce the burden on employment policies for workers in general and rural workers in particular.


Local development planning policy

Each locality has its own advantages, so depending on different conditions, there are separate planning and development policies. Accordingly, authorities at all levels related to the issue of job creation for rural workers also need to come up with employment policies that are consistent with the development orientation and industry structure of the locality.

Financial resources for policy implementation

Financial resources to implement the policy of creating jobs for rural workers come from the State budget, capital of project owners, business owners, investors and other sources of capital (loan capital, self-contributed capital of the people, foreign aid capital...)

Once a policy is in place, the financial resources to implement the policy are the deciding factor in whether the policy is implemented or not, and whether it is implemented well or not. However, it is also necessary to ensure that financial resources are used for the right people and the right tasks, to avoid waste, and to strictly handle acts of profiteering from those financial resources.

1.3. State management experience on employment creation policies for youth in some localities

1.3.1. Experience in state management of employment creation policies for youth in Dien Bien city, Dien Bien province

Being a mountainous city, people's lives are still difficult; there are currently no large industrial establishments or small-scale handicrafts in the area. Dien Bien Phu city, Dien Bien province has for many years effectively implemented the policy of promoting production, creating jobs, and increasing income for workers.

Viewpoints and goals of socio-economic development: The City Party Committee and People's Committee of Dien Bien Phu City determined that it must be placed within the overall development.

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