At the high level, it is reasonable, but in garment factories and enterprises, there are often many complaints from some workers about the amount of work to do in a day is quite a lot because the arrangement of workers is not reasonable, some people have to sew, sew buttons, attach buttons... and some people only have to cut. Such labor arrangement is somewhat unfair, causing jealousy among workers. Leaders of textile enterprises need to pay more attention to these issues so that workers feel fair and more secure with their dedication.
2.1.5. Motivating employees through training
Workers in the textile industry today are mainly self-taught and self-trained through mentoring in factories. The entire industry has only 4 training schools, producing about
2,000 workers. This number of workers is nothing compared to the recruitment needs, moreover, if the company accepts them, it still has to retrain them.
In reality, textiles is a low-income industry, so it is difficult to attract workers. Workers in the industry are mainly farmers who take advantage of the off-season, seasonal work, and those with low skills are mainly high school graduates, or even just elementary school graduates. Therefore, the situation of workers voluntarily quitting their jobs occurs frequently. In addition, many skilled and experienced workers intend to "jump" jobs to find a place with a better income. Workers from other provinces also tend to quit their jobs and return to their hometowns because the standard of living is "more comfortable".
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Therefore, garment factories and companies still choose the method of self-training at the unit. For example, at Hung Yen Garment Company, every year this company recruits hundreds of unskilled workers, then sends them to vocational training centers and arranges skilled workers to accompany them for about 3 months. After this time, skilled workers can operate machines and operate lines like skilled, long-time workers. In addition, some joint ventures such as Kyung Viet, VIT Garment... also accept to recruit farmers and then train them themselves.
train their workers. By doing so, businesses will be able to train according to their strengths and save on training costs and salaries during the workers' apprenticeship period.
For some workers who have graduated from high school or vocational college, are skilled, have worked for the industry for a while, and have no conditions to study further. Workers who are civil servants of the Industry, have a continuous working period of 3 years or more, have signed an indefinite-term labor contract, are considered for college, university and postgraduate study according to the requirements of the Industry. During the study period, they are entitled to salary and social insurance according to the regulations of the Industry. This has helped the Industry have loyal workers, and they are shining examples for other workers.
2.1.6. Motivate employees through other activities
The Textile and Garment Industry uses the salary scales, tables and salary allowances prescribed by the State as the basis for signing labor contracts with policy salaries, raising policy salary levels and implementing social insurance and health insurance regimes for employees.
The Textile and Garment Industry always aims to maintain a happy working atmosphere. Regular activities are organized such as: 2 New Year festivals, annual organizations, summer vacations, table tennis, football, swimming, badminton, tennis tournaments and some other recreational activities. In addition to creating a happy working atmosphere, cultural, sports and recreational activities also increase solidarity between departments, between employees and leaders and employees and employees. Every month, on holidays and Tet, the Industry organizes the above sports tournaments and has high rewards for winning teams and members.
Lunch for workers to eat right at the factory, or breakfast with a fairly cheap price of about 2,500 VND, helps workers save time and money.
take advantage of the lunch break. In addition, they also build boarding houses near the factory for workers to rent at low prices and reduce travel costs for workers. Some companies also support each worker with a monthly rent of 50,000 VND. Thanks to that, the health of workers is also improved, helping to increase labor productivity.
Joint Stock Companies mainly still set up individual competitions for skills, evaluate and reward good workers... As for Enterprises with foreign investment capital, they pay 100% of Social Insurance for workers, give high rewards to encourage workers, focus on the spiritual life of workers such as organizing music shows, parties, building stadiums for workers to have fun and relax.
Advantages : The above policies and activities of the Industry have created spiritual encouragement for workers. Thereby creating excitement and making workers attached to the Industry and work more effectively.
Disadvantages : Due to the specific nature of the work in the field, women account for a fairly high proportion, so organizing sports activities is relatively difficult. Therefore, to motivate workers, leaders in the industry need to have more practical and meaningful measures and activities.
2.2. General assessment of motivation for workers in Vietnam's textile and garment industry
Advantage :
In fact, the Vietnamese textile industry has attracted a large number of workers with low professional qualifications, especially women, contributing to solving a large surplus of labor in society. It is easy to see that these workers have a low standard of living, mainly from rural areas as well as the unemployed in urban areas. Textile companies have created an equal working environment for women, helping them have a good working environment. First of all, this
Not only is it a place that creates jobs for them to earn money to support themselves and their families - something that makes them feel that they are not redundant in society, but the textile industry also ensures most of the policies that motivate workers.
Regarding salary and bonus : although the above salary is lower than other industries, it is still higher than the income when they work in the countryside, enough to cover the average living expenses, can help their children to study and especially they have jobs and do not cause social evils.
Incentive system : on Tet holidays and special national holidays, textile workers still receive money, gifts, rewards or special attention such as buying train and bus tickets or having a van take workers home, this helps them stick with the industry and will devote themselves to the industry because people with their qualifications find it difficult to find a stable job like this outside the market.
Industry characteristics : The textile industry is a production industry according to orders, so sometimes workers in the industry have to work day and night and sometimes do not have weekends off to complete orders. Therefore, workers in the industry often feel great pressure, causing fatigue and reducing work efficiency. Grasping the above situation, the textile industry's leadership has introduced many policies such as picnics, vacations, if anyone does not like it, they can go home to visit their families (for workers who live far from home). Therefore, textile workers will be able to have days off with their families and after the break, they will feel more comfortable and contribute better to their work, increasing labor productivity. Some businesses in the industry have done a very good job of creating this motivation.
Another notable feature is that the professional level of workers in the industry is very low. About 80% of workers only graduate from high school and vocational school. The development orientation of the textile industry in the coming years is to improve the quality of labor as well as meet the needs and expectations.
For some workers in the textile industry who do not have enough economic conditions to go to school even though they have the ability, preferential policies for going to school along with some other incentives are one of the decisive factors in increasing labor productivity as well as developing the industry in the coming years.
Disadvantages :
If we compare the average income of Vietnamese people in 2007, which was 14 million/person/year and 17 million/person/year in 2008, with the average income of workers in the industry in 2008, which was 20.6 million/person/year, then this monthly income is generally enough for workers to spend. However, because most workers are from the countryside and do not have a house, there are hundreds of expenses that need to be spent such as rent, living expenses, and each month they only have a few hundred thousand to send home to their families. It is easy to see that the income of the textile industry is not high, which will make a part of workers feel frustrated with the low salary and make them willing to quit if they find a better job with a higher salary. This creates an imbalance in the industry's labor force, which can reduce labor productivity and affect large orders. The low salary level also occurs in the salary and bonus policy because the holiday gifts are low while the current economic development trend is that the bonus level determines the level of work of the workers. In general, not only the salary but also the bonus level of workers in the industry are at the lowest level, almost the lowest in the manufacturing and processing sectors of Vietnam. While this is a key factor in the compensation policy for workers.
In addition, there are still many complaints from workers about lunches such as not being delicious, not having enough nutrients, the same every day... Working in the textile industry is quite hard for workers, especially women, and lunch is not guaranteed. This leads to
Workers are not healthy and therefore dissatisfied with their jobs, and no industry will be able to retain workers for long.
2.3. Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Vietnam's Textile Industry
The global financial crisis has led to economic recession in many countries, which has also had a significant impact on Vietnam's export sector to the world market, including the textile and garment industry. The export turnover target set for the textile and garment industry in 2008 was 9.5 billion USD. In the first nine months of the year, the industry earned 7 billion USD. At the end of the year, due to the global economic crisis, this target only increased by 2.1 billion USD to 9.1 billion USD. Currently, the United States is Vietnam's largest export market, accounting for 57% of the export market share, the EU market accounts for 18%, and Japan is 9%. Due to the crisis in the United States, textile and garment consumption and imports have decreased sharply in the United States and many other countries; international competition has increased; domestic inflation has increased, the Government has had to apply solutions to tighten credit and raise interest rates; The life of workers has encountered many difficulties, leading to labor fluctuations and many spontaneous strikes, greatly affecting the production and business of many companies, especially in cities and industrial zones concentrated in the South; the textile and supporting industry is still weak, leading to 71% of raw materials having to be imported from abroad. From September 2008 to now, the average number of orders of companies in the industry has decreased by more than 10%. It is forecasted that in 2009, the economic situation will not improve and the number of orders may continue to decrease by about 30%, so the textile and garment industry will continue to face difficulties. Even if there are orders, they do not dare to sign, and if they can sign orders, they have to accept price reductions or orders have seriously decreased. This is the common situation of many textile and garment enterprises due to the impact of the global economic recession since the beginning of October 2008 to now. In addition, manufacturers
Foreign importers have proactively cut orders with a decrease of 25-30% compared to the same period last year.
Not only the quantity has been reduced, but contracts signed since December 2008 have also had to reduce prices by 5-10% compared to before. According to a preliminary report by the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association (VITAS), up to now, the entire textile and garment industry has had over 10,000 workers lose their jobs. Due to the global economic crisis, consumer demand has decreased, many textile and garment enterprises have not signed export orders, so the possibility of cutting workers is forecast to continue to increase. The situation has become more worrying for some enterprises with 100% foreign investment specializing in exporting goods to the US market, which accounts for 55% of the total export turnover of the entire industry. Due to the decrease in consumer demand in the US market, these enterprises have been forced to reduce working hours. Many textile and spinning factories only work 2 or 2 and a half shifts, a small number of workers have had to quit their jobs, 30% of enterprises have had to reduce working hours and reduce income.
The markets that import most of Vietnam’s textiles and garments are experiencing a decrease in import demand, with some customers reducing their orders by 30-50% compared to last year. If this situation does not improve, it is predicted that in the near future, some small and medium enterprises will have to reduce their production capacity by 30% to 50%, or even close their factories.
CHAPTER III. SOME SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE MEASURES TO MOTIVATE WORKERS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
3.1. Development goals of the industry in the coming time
As a key export industry, the textile and garment industry has been planned by the Ministry of Industry and Trade to "bring in 11.5 billion USD in 2009, surpassing crude oil in export turnover for the following year". However, the Vietnam Textile and Garment Group - Vinatex has set the immediate target of 2009 export turnover reaching 9.2 - 9.5 billion USD (up 5%), revenue increasing 5-6%, industrial production value increasing 6%. At the same time, efforts are made to ensure the implementation of the task of regulating the macro balance of labor resources, minimizing the unemployment rate in the group.
Mr. Bui Xuan Khu, Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade, presented the development picture of the textile and garment industry in the coming years: the textile and garment industry must achieve an annual production growth rate of 16%-18%, of which exports will reach 20%. Accordingly, by 2020, annual production growth will be from 12%-14%, exports will reach 15%; the industry's total revenue by 2010 will reach 14.8 billion USD, increasing to 22.5 billion USD in 2015 and 31 billion USD, of which exports will reach 25 billion USD in 2020. In particular, taking exports as a development target, in addition to maximizing the development of the domestic market, Vietnam's textile and garment industry is "aiming" at the most important goal of entering the Top 5 textile and garment developing countries in the world by 2015, instead of the current Top 10 position.
According to the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association, in order to implement the approved development strategy, the textile and garment industry must focus on investing in human resource development from now on, because this is the biggest concern of the industry. The recent high inflation has affected the lives of garment workers, who have low wages compared to some other industries, leading to frequent labor fluctuations. In order to increase profits, textile and garment enterprises are having to review and select high-priced, simple and less detailed orders to sign contracts, at the same time.