Therefore, for space-consuming materials such as iron or wood, the Enterprise applies the method of arranging materials by type and area. Although it takes up a lot of space, it achieves the desired efficiency.
Frequency of rotation method.
The characteristic of this method is that the type of material that is imported and exported the most times in a unit of time is prioritized to be arranged in the closest, easiest-to-get places and vice versa. This method saves labor of workers carrying and loading, suitable for bulky, difficult-to-move materials. For Factory X55, the orders are fixed, in batches, so they cannot be arranged according to the traditional rotation frequency, but only apply a part of this method to materials such as iron 6, yellow copper.
35, wood planks. Which contract comes first, which materials are needed first, then arrange them in a place that is easier to get, but do not completely apply this method. Although it is only a part, it also reduces a lot of difficulties for warehouse management staff.
Dynamic and static warehouse methods.
Static warehouse is a type of arrangement in which materials stored in the warehouse do not move during storage. Dynamic warehouse is a type of arrangement of materials to ensure that the first items are moved first and the next items are moved last.
The model that X55 factory applies more is static warehouse, which is more suitable for the type of goods produced by the factory. Even the raw materials used in production are the same. The products of the factory are mostly bulky, difficult to move, and even have limited movement. For example, the completed tennis tables are very large and heavy, and cannot be moved once a day. Or the gun models, after completion, before being put into the warehouse, must be carefully wrapped and arranged carefully to ensure safety and product quality. Because
Therefore, it is difficult to adapt to the dynamic warehouse model. However, there are materials such as brackets, brackets, screws that can be easily applied to the dynamic warehouse. In short, although there are advantages and disadvantages of its own, X55 Enterprise has taken full advantage of the advantages and minimized the disadvantages to put into operation the most effective warehouse system.
Conclude:
In general, the storage and preservation work of the Factory is in a stable situation due to the combination of two arrangement methods, "By type and area" and "Coding method". The remaining two methods, "Routine frequency method" and "Dynamic and static warehouse method", although also applicable, in terms of efficiency and optimization, cannot be compared to the above two methods, so they cannot be fully utilized at Factory X55.
Warehouse layout
Where to put new materials
Where to scrap | ||
Bracket | Bracket | |
Road | ||
Bracket | Go | Bracket |
Bracket | Bracket |
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Bracket
The organization of warehouse preservation at the factory must always meet the following general requirements:
- Warehouse staff must have a clear tracking system and a material classification diagram.
- Raw materials after being imported into the warehouse are arranged and stored according to regulations.
- Develop and implement a system of rules and regulations on warehouse management.
However, due to the limited storage equipment, qualifications and responsibilities of warehouse managers, the above regulations and requirements have not been implemented well, and the number of damaged materials during production and not ensuring the right quality still exists. Although the accounting system is clear, errors are still inevitable. Typically, in the order dated April 20, 2003, there was a report about unsuitable silk-covered electromagnetic wire, which did not meet the requirements when put into production and had to be discarded.
Material import tracking book
TT
Date of entry | Material name | Unit | Quantity | Unit price | Total amount | Sign in | Note | |
1 | April 20, 2003 | Electromagnetic wire silk cover | Kg | 10 | 14,000 | 140,000 | ||
Material export tracking book
Date of issue
Material name | Unit | Quantity | Destination | Signed |
July 1, 2003
Electromagnetic wire silk cover | Kg | 02 | Mechanical workshop gas | ||
Material allocation work.
The enterprise applies the form of material allocation according to the material norms managed by the planning department. According to this form, all allocations to the workshops must be based on the norm system set by the planning department. From there, the warehouse management staff keeps records to monitor the warehouse delivery situation for the workshops. In case the material in the warehouse runs out but the production task is not completed, the workshop staff will report the additional material quota and request the issuance of more materials. In case there is excess material, it is considered a saving achievement and is deducted from the next order quota. That amount of savings is stored in the warehouse and used for another shipment.
Summary table of material allocation according to standards
Product: School bell. Quantity: 1000 pieces.
TT
Material name | Unit | Fuck | Actual output | | Difference | ||||||
12/1 | 14/1 | 17/1 | 21/1 | 29/1 | 5/2 | ||||||
1 | Iron plate | Kg | 300 | 100 | 30.5 | 50 | 50 | 70.5 | 301 | 1 | |
2 | Aluminum leaf | Kg | 15 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 0 | ||
3 | Wire return | Kg | 20 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 4 | 4.2 | 18.7 | 1.3 |
4
Plastic insulation electricity | Set | 1050 | 350 | 300 | 380 | 1030 | -20 | ||||
5 | Son Bao manage | Kg | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 4.5 | -0.5 | |||
6 | Bolt -eu | Set | 1050 | 400 | 300 | 400 | 1100 | 50 | |||
7 | … | ||||||||||
8 |
Use of raw materials.
The cost of raw materials accounts for a large proportion of the cost price, so the managers of this department, as well as the company's staff, actively respond to the economical use of raw materials. The total value of raw materials increases gradually over the years, showing that the production and business activities of the Enterprise are growing day by day. This also proves that the number of orders of the Enterprise is increasing day by day and it shows that the quality and reputation of the Enterprise is increasingly affirmed in the market.
Raw material usage
Unit: million VND
Target
Year 2001 | 2002 | Difference | % | |
Total value | 6531.7 | 7103.2 | 571.5 | 8.75 |
Inventory of raw materials | 153.7 | 101.4 | -52.3 | -34 |
Waste
101 | 98.2 | -2.8 | -0.94 | |
Scrap factor | 0.015 | 0.0138 | -0.0012 |
According to the table above, in 2 years, the total value of raw materials of the enterprise increased by 8.75% while the amount of raw materials in inventory decreased by 34%. This shows that the rate of increase in raw materials is slower than the rate of decrease in raw materials in inventory. This result was achieved because at that time the enterprise invested in 2 new machinery lines. However, the rate of decrease in waste products was slower than the rate of decrease in raw materials in inventory, proving that the level of workers did not meet the requirements of development.
To evaluate the level of economical or wasteful use of materials, people also use the following criteria:
Material usage level = Actual material usage – consumption limit/saving or wasteful consumption limit
Applicable to order 50.03, for material type is sheet iron:
M tk.lp = 0.33 %
We see that 0.33 0, so the level of material usage at the factory for sheet iron is 0.33 waste compared to the total value of the order.
When carrying out production, the workshops will follow the tasks, work steps and technological processes to go to the warehouse to receive materials. To carry out production, the amount of materials supplied to the workshops is divided into many times, supplied daily to avoid waste, loss and ensure the quality of materials. For this reason, it has actively contributed to the rational and economical use of materials. Also with this form, accounting for materials for production will avoid the shortage of materials, interrupting the production process.
Currently, the amount of raw materials in stock is still relatively large, although it has gradually decreased. This proves that the system of norms and plans for raw materials supply is not good. Although the Enterprise produces according to orders, it uses raw materials that are not
Too much waste leads to large inventory, however the amount of saved raw materials will cause capital congestion and expensive storage costs.
Inventory analysis.
In companies that can be maintained continuously can also exist for short periods of time that do not repeat, so there are 2 types of inventory:
+ One-period inventory: Includes items that are only stocked once without the intention of restocking, after they have been consumed.
+ Multi-period inventory: Includes items that are maintained in inventory long enough, consumed inventory units will be replenished. The value and time of replenishment of inventory will be adjusted to suit the inventory level to meet demand.
However, multi-period inventory is still more common than single-period inventory. Single-period inventory is maintained only once without repetition, in case of having to meet demand with more or less uncertainty, it can lead to insufficient or excess storage capacity. The concern here is to keep inventory at an effective level.
If the reserves are not sufficient, when there is a need, the enterprise will lose a certain amount of profit (C o ).
C o = selling price – costs for the product.
It can be considered as the opportunity cost of keeping this raw material.
If overstocked, unsold product may have to be liquidated at a recovery price that may be less than cost.
For example: inventory calculation method for raw materials such as iron.
It can be like the cost of overstocking, with one unit of C u .
C u = cost – salvage value.
+Let P(D) be the probability that the demand level exceeds a certain number of units
P(D)=
C u C o C u
From there we can determine the amount of reserves needed.
Demand level
Consumption capacity | Cumulative probability P(D) | |
500 549 | 0.1 | 1 |
550 599 | 0.15 | 0.9 |
600 649 | 0.25 | 0.75 |
650 699 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
700 749 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
750 799 | 0.1 | 0.15 |
800 849 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
850 | 0 | 0 |
-Cost 1 Kg = 5000
-Selling price = 7000
-Can only reduce price by 10%.
We have: C o = price - cost = 7000- 5000 = 2000
C u = cost – salvage value = 5000 – 7000 x 0.1 = 4300 P(D) = 4300/6300 = 0.68
Conclusion: Should stock in the range of 600 649 (kg)
Factory X55 has applied one-period inventory for products such as aluminum boxes, corrugated iron 15x15x15, homemade by factory workers, or smaller than 10x15x10, utilized from excess materials in the production of main products.
This form was received from the idea of the technical manager. It was then implemented, together with the purchasing department contacting customers to conduct sales and exchanges. And in fact, the enterprise has succeeded in taking advantage of this surplus material, gaining profit and saving costs. These goods have not been found yet.