Conservation plans, programs and projects implemented at the KBTV are directly related to people's livelihoods, so it is very necessary for people to know, participate in and monitor the implementation of programs and plans.
4. Limit the impacts of mineral exploitation on the environment and conservation areas
Review the plans for mineral exploitation and processing in the 3 communes surrounding the KBTV to make adjustments to minimize the impacts on the environment and the KBTV. Strengthen the inspection and supervision of compliance with legal regulations and environmental protection commitments of licensed mineral exploitation projects to minimize the negative impacts of projects on the ecological environment and the KBTV.
5. Implement ecotourism activities
Ecotourism has not yet been implemented in the KBTV due to difficulties in infrastructure, however the potential for ecotourism in the KBTV and the communes around the reserve is significant, especially in Tung Ba commune.
Tung Ba commune is located near Ha Giang city (about 16km away). In the commune, there is Ban Mao cave, a beautiful cave that has been planned into the province's tourist network (in the tourism development plan of Ha Giang province until 2020). With the unique traditional culture of the Tay and Dao ethnic groups, especially ethnic dishes and rice wine specialties, Tung Ba commune has great potential for ecotourism. Ecotourism requires the participation of the community and if ecotourism is combined with conservation activities in the nature reserve, it will contribute to increasing income, improving living standards and reducing pressure on the nature reserve.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUDE
From studies on the current status of conservation work of the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey species and habitat conservation area in Ha Giang province, I draw the following conclusions:
1. The Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Species and Habitat Conservation Area, Ha Giang Province plays a very important role in the system of conservation areas of Ha Giang Province and of Vietnam because it is home to the largest known population of Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey in the world with a total of about 90 individuals.
2. The current management situation at the KBTV still has many difficulties and shortcomings due to lack of human resources (staff) and funding for conservation activities. The implementation of legal documents on conservation is slow and not uniform.
3. The activities of the Reserve in recent times have received the active participation and support of the local community in protection, investigation and monitoring activities and have achieved certain results, the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey population has been maintained and continuously increased, and biodiversity has been ensured.
4. The reserve has a small area (2,024 ha) but is under a lot of pressure due to agricultural activities, livestock grazing, logging, and firewood collection still taking place in the reserve as well as the impact of mineral exploitation, processing, and climate change.
5. The conservation area is located in 3 communes with difficult economic conditions, the majority of the population is ethnic minorities, the economy is mainly agricultural and forestry production. Awareness of conservation work of management staff and people still has some limitations affecting conservation activities.
6. For the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Species and Habitat Conservation Area in Ha Giang province, the best management model is community-based with state support through synchronous and effective implementation of solutions to increase human resources, funding, implement policies on co-management and support economic and social development in the buffer zone.
PROPOSAL
1. Complete the management model at the Conservation Area in a community-based direction according to the proposed model.
2. The State needs to properly evaluate and support KBTV to operate in accordance with the law, and soon have recognition for the community-based management model.
3. Early development and implementation of detailed planning for the KBTV to create a legal basis for implementing conservation activities and socio-economic development of people living around the KBTV.
4. Synchronously implement economic and social development solutions in villages around the KBTV to reduce pressure on resource exploitation and use on the KBTV.
5. Although the effectiveness of Community-based Management Models has been highly appreciated, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the implemented models as a scientific and practical basis for developing a standard model of Community-based Conservation for replication nationwide. In the coming time, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the conservation model with community participation at the KBTV as a basis for expanding the model to 05 other conservation areas in Ha Giang province and nationwide.
6. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey species and habitat conservation area in Ha Giang province has high biodiversity value and is an important area in increasing the ability to respond to climate change. Therefore, more research is needed on biodiversity value and cultural value as a basis for proposing reasonable conservation solutions in the future.
REFERENCES
1. Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (2000). Vietnam Red Book, Volume 1: Animals. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam.
2. Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (2000). Vietnam Red Book, Volume 2: Plants. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam
3. Ha Giang Provincial Forest Protection Department and Fauna and Flora International (FFI), (2009), Project to establish a conservation area for Tonkin snub-nosed monkey species and habitat in Ha Giang province.
4. Vietnam Association of National Parks and Nature Reserves (2008), Environmental education for communities in Nature Reserves, Thanh Nien Publishing House.
5. Law on Forest Protection and Development 2004 (29/2004/QH11 passed by the National Assembly on December 3, 2004).
6. Law on Biodiversity 2008 (No. 20/2008/QH12 passed by the National Assembly on November 13, 2008).
7. Decree 32/2006/ND-CP dated March 30, 2006 of the Government on management of endangered, precious and rare forest plants and animals.
8. Decree No. 99/2010/ND-CP dated September 24, 2010 of the Government on payment policy for forest environmental services.
9. Decree 117/2010/ND-CP dated December 24, 2010 of the Government on organization and management of special-use forest system.
10. Decision No. 18/2007/QD-TTg dated February 5, 2007 of the Prime Minister
Approving the Vietnam Forestry Development Strategy for the 2006-2010 period.
11. Decision No. 07/2012/QD-TTg dated February 8, 2012 of the Prime Minister
Issue a number of policies to strengthen forest protection.
12. Decision No. 24/2012/QD-TTg dated June 1, 2012 of the Prime Minister on investment policy for special-use forest development in the 2011-2020 period.
13. Decision No. 75/2012/QD-TTg dated January 9, 2012 of the Prime Minister
Approval of the Forest Protection and Development Plan for the 2011-2020 period.
14. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Vietnam (2008), Guidelines for the management of nature reserves, Some international experiences and lessons.
15. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), (2008). Red List of Endangered Species.
16. Center for People and Nature (2012), Policy bulletin, co-management of special-use forests: Legal basis and implementation opportunities, No. 5, Quarter I/2012.
17. Center for People and Nature (2012), Policy newsletter, some models of co-management of special-use forest resources in Vietnam, No. 5, Quarter I/2012.
18. Center for People and Nature (2012), Policy newsletter, Investment policy for special-use forest development, No. 6, Quarter II/2012.
19. People's Committee of Ha Giang province (2010). Report on the current environmental status of Ha Giang province in the period 2005-2010..
20. People's Committee of Minh Son commune, Bac Me district (2011), Report on planning for new rural construction in Minh Son commune, Bac Me district, Ha Giang province, period 2011-2020.
21. People's Committee of Minh Son commune, Bac Me district (2011), Report on the implementation of socio-economic, security and defense goals in 2011, and directions and tasks in 2012 of Minh Son commune.
22. People's Committee of Tung Ba commune, Vi Xuyen district (2011), Report on the implementation of socio-economic, security and defense goals in 2011, and directions and tasks in 2012 of Tung Ba commune.
23. People's Committee of Tung Ba commune, Vi Xuyen district (2011), Report on planning for new rural construction in Tung Ba commune, Vi Xuyen district, Ha Giang province, period 2011-2020.
24. People's Committee of Yen Dinh commune, Bac Me district (2011), Report on the implementation of socio-economic, security and defense goals in 2011, and directions and tasks in 2012 of Yen Dinh commune.
25. People's Committee of Yen Dinh commune, Bac Me district (2011), Report on planning for new rural construction in Yen Dinh commune, Bac Me district, Ha Giang province, period 2011-2020.
26. Be Thi Ngoc Anh (2009), Assessment of the role of the community in the conservation of Cao Vit Gibbon in the Species and Habitat Conservation Area in Trung Khanh district, Cao Bang province.
27. Furey, Vuong Tan Tu (2006), Summary report of Rapid conservation assessment in caves in Tung Ba area, Vi Xuyen district, Ha Giang province.
28. Le Khac Quyet (2006), Study on some ecological characteristics of Tonkin snub-nosed monkey in Khau Ca area, Ha Giang province.
29. Le Khac Quyet, Luu Tuong Bach (2006), Vegetation assessment of Khau Ca area, Ha Giang province, Northern Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International – Conservation support program in Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam.
30. Le Xuan Canh, Ramesh Boonratana (2006), Action plan for conservation of Tonkin snub-nosed monkey in Vietnam, Agricultural Publishing House .
31. Nguyen Anh Duc, Vu Anh Tai, Le Khac Quyet (2006), Plant biodiversity in Khau Ca forest, Ha Giang province, Northeast Vietnam. Hanoi National University, Journal of Science, Natural Science and Technology.
APPENDIX
Appendix 01:
LIST
The investigator and interviewer are officers working in management.
STT
Full name | Work unit | |
1 | Nguyen Duc Binh | Department of Agriculture and Rural Development |
2 | Hoang Giang | Department of Agriculture and Rural Development |
3 | Duong Khanh Phuc | Department of Natural Resources and Environment |
4 | Bui Thi Huong | Department of Natural Resources and Environment |
5 | Trinh Thi Van | Ha Giang Provincial Forest Protection Department |
6 | Pham Hung | Ha Giang Provincial Forest Protection Department |
7 | Duong Viet Nghia | Ha Giang Provincial Forest Protection Department |
8 | Order of the City | Ha Giang Provincial Forest Protection Department |
9 | Nguyen Thi Nhung | Ha Giang Provincial Forest Protection Department |
10 | Hoang Tuan | Ha Giang Provincial Forest Protection Department |
11 | Vu Van Thanh | Head of Du Gia Nature Reserve Management Board |
12 | Hoang Van Tue | Head of the Management Board of the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Species and Habitat Conservation Area of Ha Giang Province |
13 | Nong Van Thanh | Head of Vi Xuyen District Forest Protection Department |
14 | Hoang Hong Truong | Head of Bac Me District Forest Protection Department |
15 | Nguyen Viet Xuan | Deputy Commander - Military Command of Tung Ba Commune |
16 | Ngoc Loi Canal | Chairman of Tung Ba Commune People's Committee |
17 | Ngoc Tinh Ditch | Forestry officer, People's Committee of Tung Ba commune |
18 | Dan Van Viet | Head of Commune Police, People's Committee of Tung Ba Commune |
Maybe you are interested!
-
Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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zt2a3gstourism,quan lan,quang ninh,ecology,ecotourism,minh chau,van don,geography,geographical basis,tourism development,science
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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19
Nong Van Luoc | Head of Khuon Pha village, Tung Ba commune | |
20 | Vuong Thi Hoa | Chairwoman of Women's Union of Tung Ba Commune People's Committee |
21 | Truong On Kien | Head of Hong Minh village, Tung Ba commune |
22 | Ly Van Vinh | Head of Na Loa village, Tung Ba commune |
23 | Vi Van Giap | Secretary of Youth Union of Tung Ba Commune People's Committee |
24 | Translated by Thi Hue | Forestry officer of Yen Dinh commune |
25 | Nong Van Tinh | Chief of Yen Dinh Commune Police |
26 | Nguyen Thi Yen | Chairwoman of Women's Union of Yen Dinh Commune People's Committee |
27 | Nguyen Binh Giang | Vice Chairman of Yen Dinh Commune People's Committee |
28 | Nguyen Van Cuong | Head of Ban Bo village, Yen Dinh commune |
29 | Luc Thi Lan | Secretary of Minh Son Commune Youth Union |
30 | Ly Van Thanh | Cultural Officer of Minh Son Commune People's Committee |
31 | Nguyen Xuan Viet | Land and forestry officer of Minh Son commune |
32 | Hoang Van Thuan | Vice Chairman of Minh Son Commune People's Committee |
33 | Dang Van Ham | Head of Phi Deeng village, Minh Son commune |
34 | Lu Van Minh B | Head of Khuoi Loa village, Minh Son commune |
35 | Ly Van Lach | Head of Khuoi Ken, Minh Son commune |