Research on environmental improvement and restoration in open-pit coal mining activities at the intersection mine of Quang Hanh Coal One Member Limited Liability Company - Vinacomin, Cam Pha city, Quang Ninh province - 1

HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

CENTER FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH

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THESIS AUTHOR: NGUYEN QUANG DUNG

TOPIC NAME:

RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT AND RESTORATION IN OPEN-PIT COAL MINING ACTIVITIES

AT THE NGÃ HAI MINE OF QUANG HANH COAL ONE MEMBER LIMITED COMPANY - VINACOMIN, CAM PHA CITY, QUANG NINH PROVINCE

Major: Environment in Sustainable Development (Pilot Training Program)

MASTER'S THESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTOR: PROFESSOR, DR. DANG KIM CHI

Hanoi - 2013

THANK YOU

Through the implementation of the topic "Research on Environmental Improvement and Restoration in Open-pit Coal Mining Activities at Nga Hai Mine of Quang Hanh Coal One Member Limited Liability Company - Vinacomin, Cam Pha City, Quang Ninh Province".

The author would like to thank Professor Dang Kim Chi . She has helped wholeheartedly and closely guided me in orienting the topic and completing my graduation thesis.

The author would like to express his sincere thanks for the valuable support and help from teachers and colleagues at the Center for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

Thank you for your valuable help with the documents of Quang Hanh Coal One Member Limited Liability Company - Vinacomin.

Due to the limited time and level, the thesis will inevitably have shortcomings. We look forward to receiving positive contributions from teachers and friends to make the thesis more complete. Sincerely thank you!

COMMITMENT

I hereby certify that the content of the thesis “Research on environmental improvement and restoration in open-pit coal mining activities at Nga Hai mine of Quang Hanh Coal One Member Limited Liability Company - Vinacomin, Cam Pha city, Quang Ninh province” is my own research work, with honest data and documents, not using data of other authors that have not been published. The research results do not overlap with any previously published research work. The content of the thesis refers to and uses documents according to the list of references of the thesis.

Quang Ninh, November 2013

Students

Nguyen Quang Dung

INDEX

THANK YOU i

COMMITMENT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS v

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES vii

LIST OF FIGURES vii

INTRODUCTION 1

1. Urgency 1

2. Research objectives and tasks 2

3. Scope and subjects of research 3

5. Thesis structure 4

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM 5

1.1 Theoretical basis 5

1.2 Overview of environmental rehabilitation and restoration in open-pit coal mining in the world 6

1.3 Overview of environmental improvement and restoration in open-pit coal mining in Vietnam 16

1.4 Overview of environmental rehabilitation and restoration for Nga Hai 20 coal mine

CHAPTER 2: LOCATION, TIME, CONTENT, METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS 22

2.1 Research location 22

2.2 Research time 22

2.3 Research content 22

2.4 Methodology and research methods 23

2.4.1 Methodology 23

2.4.2 Research methods 26

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH RESULTS 29

3.1 Natural and socio-economic conditions of Nga Hai 29 coal mine area

3.1.1. Natural conditions of Nga Hai 29 coal mine area

3.1.2 Socio-economic conditions 34

3.2 Current status of mining and dumping at Nga Hai mine seams of the Company

Quang Hanh Coal Company Limited - Vinacomin 36

3.2.1 General overview of mineral exploitation area 36

3.2.2 Mining method 43

3.3 Impact of open-pit mining of Nga Hai coal mine on environmental quality of the study area 52

3.3.1. Impact of open pit mining on the air environment 52

3.3.2 Impact of open pit mining on the aquatic environment 53

3.3.3 Impact of open pit mining on soil environment 55

3.3.4 Impact of open pit mining on ecosystems 56

3.3.5 Impact of open pit mining on socio-economy 56

3.3.6 Environmental risks and incidents caused by open-pit mining activities 57

3.4 Proposing solutions and plans for environmental improvement and restoration for Nga Hai 58 coal mine

3.4.1 Select option 58

3.4.2 Content and volume of work for environmental improvement and restoration 60

3.4.3 Plan for prevention and response to incidents during renovation and restoration

environmental return 76

3.5 Funding for environmental rehabilitation and restoration of Nga Hai 77 coal mine

3.5.1 Calculation basis 77

3.5.2 Cost of environmental restoration of landfill and mining area 78

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 79

Conclusion 79

Proposal 79

REFERENCES 81

APPENDIX 83

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

CBCNV Staff and employees

Federal Republic of

Hazardous waste

Joint Stock Company

HL Mine

KTKT End of exploitation

MBSCN Industrial yard floor plan

MXTLGN Hydraulic backhoe loader

LK Borehole

LV Sidewalk

QCVN Vietnam Standards

QCCP Permissible Standards

TCVN Vietnam Standard

TCCP Permissible Standards

Junior High School

High School

TKCS Basic Design

Limited Liability Company

VAC Garden, pond, barn

VINACOMIN Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Industries Group Construction Materials Construction Materials

Labor Hygiene

XDCB Basic Construction

One Member Limited Liability Company

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of environmental improvement and restoration options ..13 Table 1.2 Differences in waste disposal in Vietnam and developed industrial countries 19

Table 3.1 Coordinates of the boundary of Nga Hai - Quang Hanh coal mine 29

Table 3.2 Coal mining schedule 39

Table 3.3 Coal volume (tons) and soil (m3) by floor 41

Table 3.4 Mining system elements of option 44

Table 3.5 Drilling and blasting passport 45

Table 3.6 Information on project waste disposal sites used for dumping 48

Table 3.7 Volume of waste rock and soil, dumping schedule and dumping area of ​​the mine 49

Table 3.8 Water flow into the quarry 51

Table 3.9 Summary table of environmental improvement and restoration work volume 69

Table 3.10 Cost of remediation, restoration of landfill environment and exploitation expectation 83

Table 3.11 Total margin taking into account inflation 83

LIST OF IMAGES

Figure 1.1 Reinforcement of landfill slopes in Germany 9

Figure 1.2 Hillside and concrete plots planted with grass 10

Figure 1.3 Erosion potential of landfill without vegetation cover 11

Figure 1.4 Limiting soil erosion after mine environment restoration 11

Figure 1.5 Landfill design development process 12

Figure 1.6 Coal mining in Quang Ninh 17

Figure 1.7 Titanium mining in Binh Thuan 17

Figure 1.8 Iron ore mining in Thai Nguyen 17

Figure 1.9 Apatite mining in Lao Cai 17

Figure 3.1 Central area of ​​Nga Hai 31 coal mine