If editor-in-chief Nguyen Tuong Phuong was the one who steered, balanced, and stabilized Tri Tan magazine during its turbulent years of existence, then editor-in-chief Hoa Bang was the soul of Tri Tan , always keeping the magazine's spirit strong, not being impacted or distorted by the storms and tempests of the times.
Hoa Bang (1902-1977), real name Hoang Thuc Tram, also had nicknames such as Son Tung, Song Coi. He was a person with a fairly extensive knowledge of Chinese, with a deep understanding of history and literature. Although he was a multi-talented writer, Hoa Bang's special strengths were literary research, history and translation. He contributed a significant number of articles to Tri Tan magazine, 173 articles. These were long-term literary research articles that still retain their value today, such as Phong dao, chia loai va giai nghia (8 issues), Thu viet Viet Nam van hoc su (13 issues), Viet Nam van hoc su (18 issues)... It can be said that these were serious and elaborate scientific research works of the author.
With his passion for national literature and his dedication to national history, Hoa Bang Hoang Thuc Tram is worthy of being the experienced and quite up-to-date editor of Tri Tan magazine . Before coming to Tri Tan , he had written for many newspapers such as Thuc Nghiep Dan Bao, Trung Bac Tan Van, The Gioi, Tan Van, Tieu Thuyet Thu Bay ... but Tri Tan magazine is the passionate land where Hoa Bang's talent and dedication can be devoted.
Research critic Pham Manh Phan was a persistent secretary of the editorial board from the time Tri Tan magazine was born until it was discontinued. He was mainly in charge of research and criticism in the “tri tan” direction.
With 66 contributions to the magazine, although not many, Pham Manh Phan has a special meaning for Tri Tan . He is always enthusiastic about speeches , talks , interviews , proposals, requests , opinion polls ... full of current events. Especially, Pham Manh Phan is very interested in educating about national spirit, sense of pride in historical traditions for Vietnamese youth, setting a true mission for journalists... Maybe you are interested!
People's participation in the construction of rural traffic works in Tan Thanh district, Ba Ria - Vung Tau province - 2
Dao Tan's Tuong Play Script - Some Content and Artistic Issues - 31
Status of Dispute Resolution of Land Use Rights Transfer Contract at People's Court of Binh Tan District, Ho Chi Minh City
Dao Tan's Tuong Play Script - Some Content and Artistic Issues - 30
Analyzing Customer Reviews About The Official Website Of Hues Discount Card Program Of Tan Nguyen Mtv Company Limited.
Speaking of the key writers of Tri Tan magazine , in addition to the Editorial Board, in each genre there are typical faces that make up the soul of the magazine.
First of all, in the field of research (culture, history, literature...), we cannot fail to mention the erudite writer Ung Hoe Nguyen Van To (1889-1947). He was a scholar with extensive Confucian knowledge, and an intellectual with a heart for the country and the people. His whole life was devoted to the work of "finding sources", preserving and promoting the Vietnamese spirit and culture. Before 1945, he participated in cultural activities that had positive significance for
era: President of the Tri Tri Association, founder of the National Language Propagation Association ... After 1945, he was the first President of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam: Always loyal to the revolutionary path, continued to participate in the resistance war and sacrificed himself in October 1947, when the French parachuted down to sweep the Bac Can region. The research works he left behind have great value in contributing to the history of cultural and literary research of the country. These are long-term research articles on literature such as Tra nghi chu Nho (31 issues long), Documents to correct ancient literary works (88 issues long); on history such as Dai Nam Dat su (68 issues), Nhung ong nghe trieu Le (112 issues)... In his more than 30 years of writing, Nguyen Van To left behind a large number of works in both French and Vietnamese. However, his articles written in Vietnamese have had a significant influence on academic fields. It can be said that, as a powerful assistant to Tri Tan , "Nguyen Van To's articles are still the first bricks contributing to the science of literary research in modern times" [201, 1222].
Regarding the novel genre, the highlight of Tri Tan magazine is its full favor to the historical novel genre of two authors: Chu Thien and Nguyen Huy Tuong. Nguyen Huy Tuong is a writer with a special talent for writing novels, memoirs and historical dramas. Nguyen Huy Tuong's name is associated with valuable historical novels ( Long Tri Night Festival , 30 issues long; An Tu , 36 issues long, and the famous historical play Vu Nhu To published in 12 issues).
Nguyen Huy Tuong (1912-1960) was born in a rural area where "everything is history". Therefore, his hometown of Duc Tu village, Tu Son district, Bac Ninh province (now Dong Anh district, Hanoi suburbs) became an artistic space, leaving a strong mark on the writer's works. From a young age, Nguyen Huy Tuong had a passion and love for history through stories, characters, heroic events... That was what urged him to always explore and research national history. Taking a perspective hundreds of years back in time, Nguyen Huy Tuong contemplated and deeply understood the present. This was also the way he discreetly expressed his anguish and concern about the fate of a people who lost their country. Those concerns were expressed by the writer through the pages of novels and historical plays full of passion and enthusiasm. It is not by chance that someone called him a "historian". Under his talented pen, historical events and characters have a special appeal not only because of their vivid truth but also because of the writer's profound experiences and his deep love for his country.
Author Phan Khac Khoan was born on June 5, 1916 in Yen Lang village, Xuan Tieu commune, Yen Thanh district, Nghe An province. As a child, he studied at the district school (Yen Thanh), Vinh school (Nghe An), graduated with a Bachelor's degree and then taught privately in Hue. He came from a Confucian family with a revolutionary tradition: his paternal grandfather was a scholar, famous for his poetry and literature, his maternal grandfather was an official, but because he participated in the Van Than movement against the French, he was demoted; his uncle participated in the Can Vuong movement, so he was also exiled to French Guyane. Phan Khac Khoan's life was not fortunate: when he was 15 years old, his mother died, and then his father became blind, so from a young age, Phan Khac Khoan trained himself to be a man and was very aware of the responsibility and mission of a man towards the country in a state of slavery. Growing up in a countryside rich in revolutionary tradition, he soon absorbed the ideology of revolutionaries (Phan Boi Chau, Phan Chu Trinh) along with the seething atmosphere of the Nghe - Tinh Soviet movement in 1930-1931. Therefore, Phan Khac Khoan had the desire to do politics through literature.
As a key writer on the drama genre and poetic drama genre in Tri Tan magazine , Phan Khac Khoan contributed 5 works ( Tran Can (from issue 19 to issue 21), Ly Chieu Hoang (from issue 28 to issue 32), King Le Chieu Thong (excerpt, issue 44); Nguyen Hoang (excerpt, issue 86), Pham Thai (from issue 94 to issue 103) in a total of 13 plays published by Tri Tan and up to 12 plays were written in the poetic drama style (only Vu Nhu To by Nguyen Huy Tuong was a dramatic genre). Together with Pham Huy Thong, he was the first to create and position a young literary genre, newly introduced to Vietnam in the early 20th century - the genre of historical poetic drama. His plays in Tri Tan magazine were either performed in many places or were published in books, causing a great resonance in the contemporary literary life: Tran Can was performed twice (in Thanh Hoa and Tu Son, Bac Ninh in 1940), Ly Chieu Hoang (Que Huong Publishing House, Hanoi, 1942), Pham Thai (or "Giac Mong Tieu Son", 1943 - Poetic drama adapted from the novel "Tieu Son Trang Si" by Khai Hung). Phan Khac Khoan passionately searched for historical characters and events to inspire his writing... During his years of dedication to Tri Tan magazine , Phan Khac Khoan affirmed his name in the literary and journalistic world.
Le Thanh was a famous literary critic of his time. He was born in Cam Da, Tung Thien district, Son Tay province (now Cam Thuong commune, Ba Vi district, Ha Tay, Hanoi), a barren land with bare trees and burnt red bricks. From a young age
He followed his family to migrate to Laos to live in the natural land of Ai Lao with cool green rivers and majestic deep forests. Before collaborating with Tri Tan , he wrote for the weekly Tin Van newspaper and worked as an editor for the Phu Nu newspaper . However, he did not make a living by writing (he himself was a civil servant with a stable job, working as an official at the finance department and the industry-agriculture department). Therefore, for him, writing literature was not forced by life's demands but because of his passion and enthusiasm. Working diligently and persistently as a researcher and critic, Le Thanh was absorbed in his journey to find literary authors ( Truong Vinh Ky , Nguyen Van Vinh , Pham Quynh , Tan Da , Nguyen Khac Hieu , Song An Hoang Ngoc Phach , Han Mac Tu , etc.). In many forms such as interviewing writers, researching literary history, introducing and criticizing authors, etc., he left 24 articles in Tri Tan magazine . Most notable are the long-term literary research articles in which Le Thanh's comments, views, and assessments are still valid today ( A look at Vietnamese literature in 1941 ; A look at Vietnamese literature in 1942 ; Free verse, research and commentary ; Modern Vietnamese literature , fifteen years between two influences or the transition period of two generations , analysis of the spirit of Eastern and Western literature ...). The area of critical research that Le Thanh is very sensitive to is Vietnamese literature in the transitional period. With his serious and scientific research, he has clearly shown "the importance of cultural history" in the transitional period between old and new literature, between East and West, tradition and modernity...
In the eulogy summarizing the literary life of Le Thanh (No. 141, p.6), Hoa Bang, Le Thanh's closest and most attached colleague, wrote: "In pursuing the work of writing Vietnamese literature, Nguyen Quan, at the end of each year, in the Tri Tan newspaper, often had an article on Literature Accounting . That was an idea to provide documents for writing literary history in the future."
Looking at the main writers for Tri Tan magazine , in each genre there are typical faces and valuable works. In addition to the authors associated with the genres that create the unique features and also the outstanding achievements of Tri Tan as presented above, we can also mention the poetic pen imbued with the epic quality of Minh Tuyen, the nostalgic feeling of Ngan Giang, Song Coi...; the writers who write memoirs with a strong research quality such as Nhat Nham Trinh Nhu Tau, Van Dai, Man Khanh Duong Ky... These are the authors who have contributed significantly to the unique appearance and soul of Tri Tan magazine . Each
A person who takes charge of a field, bears a responsibility to contribute to the construction of the magazine and also to the construction of national culture and literature .
Obviously, the birth of Tri Tan magazine has a great significance for the journey of "finding the source" of contemporary culture and literature. Because Tri Tan always attaches importance to preserving national identity, always encourages writers to return to traditional values. Although it does not do politics, is a neutral newspaper , specializing in culture, but the magazine has a special significance for the times and the nation. Talking about this, Professor Hoang Nhu Mai wrote: "For us, the young people for whom the Second World War aroused in our hearts the national spirit, Tri Tan magazine is a torch that illuminates us - the adopted children of Western culture to understand our ancestors better (...) Tri Tan scholars have contributed significantly to the construction of a new culture after the August Revolution of 1945" [202, 986].
2.3.3. Explanation for the survival and suspension of Tri Tan magazine
Promoting the birth of Tri Tan magazine , besides the general premises, there were also specific objective conditions. Although the colonial government in Indochina tried to suppress the vitality of the Vietnamese press, the press increasingly flourished and developed because since the surrender to Japan, the French government also had: "A relatively open policy of caressing native artists (...) partly because they certainly also wanted to nurture a force for the political purposes of the time" [125, 629]. On the other hand, when the censorship regime was strictly imposed, the real face of the invaders was exposed, artists who spoke out to expose the crimes of the colonialists were arrested and imprisoned, while the spirit of patriotism and national consciousness were gradually awakened, so that "non-political", "neutral" and "straightforward" newspapers like Tri Tan had a place to live. Furthermore, the oppressed class of readers had to turn to Tri Tan to “review the past” and learn, both to broaden their knowledge and to preserve their lives. At the same time, during this period, a class of the public appeared who wanted to “keep their place”, to avoid sudden disasters that could befall them. They only dared to read Tri Tan with its pages of critical research, articles on ancient history, ancient literature, etc.
Although the views of contemporary schools of thought on Tri Tan still have some disagreements, in general, they all agree on the assessment: "Objectively, Tri Tan magazine has contributed significantly to rebuilding the spirit of national revival, preparing the young generation mentally and ideologically to participate in the revolution and foreign wars" [159, 8].
In its 5-year existence, Tri Tan has completed its historical journey with 214 magazine issues, over 5,000 newspaper pages and over 1,400 literary texts in all aspects and genres. Tri Tan ceased publication on July 16, 1946. Tri Tan 's quiet and silent departure seemed to have been unprepared, without a word of farewell, and many of Tri Tan's published articles were left unfinished. Perhaps the end of Tri Tan was due to both objective and subjective factors.
Objectively, Tri Tan was no longer suitable for the new era: “After the victory of the August Revolution in 1945, Tri Tan magazine itself proved to be unsuitable for the cultural life of the first years under the new regime” [159, 8-9]. Because after gaining independence, readers lived in a vibrant atmosphere of independence, praising the regime and freedom of speech. People were more interested in current events and politics. Readers who wanted to learn about literature, history, etc. had high-quality specialized newspapers and magazines. Thus, it was clear that Tri Tan no longer had a historical role. That was also shown in the two special issues in 1946, although in issue 213, in the “Revelation” section, the newspaper advocated: “In the past, when we were still under colonial rule, Tri Tan was for revolution; now that we are independent, Tri Tan is for construction. The principle remains the same, only the details are different to follow the democratic movement: so the form and content from now on will also be changed”…. but Tri Tan magazine could not complete this mission. The new Tri Tan (starting in 1946) only published two issues (1; 2) specializing in the Southern region and then stopped completely.
Subjectively, the main writers for Tri Tan after the revolution enthusiastically participated in the resistance war. They no longer had time to do meticulous work, copying, researching, comparing, and discussing ancient documents or finding living historical sources from our ancestors to study and exchange with readers. The contemporary readers (especially the generation of young intellectuals) had already determined their path and turned to the revolution, to the nation’s war of national defense, so they no longer had time to read and learn about the “old-fashioned” texts of Tri Tan … Therefore, the magazine abruptly said goodbye amid a pile of unfinished work.
On September 13, 1945, President Ho Chi Minh spent half an hour meeting with Mr. Nguyen Tuong Phuong, editor of Tri Tan newspaper. The President advised: “Now that the country is independent, the inherent spirit that your newspaper has brought up in the past is still good. But today there must be a culture that is consistent with science and in line with the people's will. Your newspaper, editors,
The purpose of Tri tan is to have politics . Our people have been oppressed for many years, now we must have a new culture" (issue 205), but the magazine failed to fulfill this mission.
2.4. Conclusion of chapter 2
Placing Tri Tan magazine in the formation and development of Vietnamese journalism in the period 1940-1945, we will see the objective laws governing the movement of contemporary journalism and literature. On the basis of the historical, social, cultural and ideological context specific to the 1940s, journalism as well as literature formed, existed and developed as an inevitable consequence of general and specific, objective and subjective premises.
Tri Tan magazine was born and stood firm in a special period of history, culture and society, so it is undeniable that this magazine has made positive contributions and significance. Both are "encyclopedic" magazines, compared to Thanh Nghi , Tri Tan is recognized in many fields: research, academia, writing in the Confucian direction... Thanh Nghi mainly contributes in the fields of legal, economic, educational and Western-oriented literature. Although the purposes and objectives are different, both Thanh Nghi and Tri Tan have established their positions and have a certain influence on the psychology of reception of people of the time. Therefore, these magazines have an important role and position in the contemporary press and literature, especially the press in the North. The literary section of Tri Tan magazine has fully reflected the "turning point" of the movement process, which is a complex spiral shape in which Vietnamese literature in the first half of the 20th century has its own nuances.
Chapter 3
CREATIVE ESSAYS IN TRI TAN MAGAZINE
3.1. Prose in Tri Tan magazine
3.1.1. Stories and Memoirs
3.1.1.1. Short stories
According to Gulaiep, a successful short story must ensure the unity of three characteristics: Problematization , typicality , continuity and artistic completeness . Because the capacity of a short story is small, the problem described and narrated is often condensed, concise and refined. Therefore, short stories focus on important issues and events while omitting redundant and trivial elements. To do so, the events in the story must be typical, the characters must be typical, the plot must be compressed, the story situation must be unique...
In medieval literature, the story genre is built on a standard structure: organized in chronological order and focusing on events and actions, so the characters seem to have no inner life. Personality is also vague, the plot is also monotonous.
When the modern short story genre was born, it overcame all the limitations of the medieval story genre and innovated according to the form of Western literature. The structure of the modern short story is rich and complex. There is a traditional structure with an external style in the short stories of Nguyen Cong Hoan; a psychological structure with poetic pages in the short stories of Thach Lam; a multi-line, complex structure in the short stories of Nam Cao... which has brought the modern short story genre to a brilliant peak.
The short stories in Tri Tan magazine appeared at a time when the modern short story genre had reached a stage of crystallization and perfection in both content and art. The reality of life was delved into every corner, the psychological developments of the characters were explored in every subtle and complex underground layer. The plot was built on unexpected events, intense and attractive conflicts. Each writer was a talent, a personality, leaving his own style mark. If Nguyen Cong Hoan was very sharp in exposing the deceitful, frivolous, and vile faces of corrupt officials, Thach Lam was successful in the topic of the small human life, living a life of wandering, faltering, and languishing in the suburbs or poor district towns. Nam Cao was an excellent writer of critical realism. The works