support the subjects to form and develop tourism value chains together. Local authorities base on the current laws on tourism activities of the State to form policies (both encouraging and restricting) to ensure tourism activities in the area are orderly, civilized and highly effective. This is an important measure to develop tourism along the HLKT route.
Figure 2.2. Tourism value chain activity diagram
Source: [57]
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2.1.3.2. Tourism development policy and political determination of management agencies
This is one of the important factors leading to success in tourism development. If there is a correct, reasonable and scientific policy, it will create conditions for the tourism industry to develop. On the contrary, if there is no suitable policy, it will hinder tourism development. When talking about tourism development policy along the HLKT route, we are talking about the role of the state management agency of tourism.
+ Tourism development policy along the HLKT route includes: general development policy of the whole country, tourism development policy of the locality and tourism development policy of each tourist destination. In which, the tourism development policy of the locality is the most important because it is based on the tourism development policy.
In general, to determine tourism development policies for each specific tourist destination, it will be based on the actual capacity of the locality and each tourist destination to come up with appropriate policies.
on the basis of exploiting and utilizing all resources.
+ Policies for related fields are important for tourism development along the HLKT route. Notable among them are policies for developing expressways, credit interest rate policies for businesses providing services to tourists; policies that are friendly to tourists and ensure their safety, and policies that encourage the development of entertainment facilities to develop tourism...
Currently, our country's mechanisms and policies for tourism development along the economic corridor are still limited, revealing many shortcomings. At the same time, the policy for developing economic corridors in our country is still unclear. Up to now, Vietnam has not had any legal documents, regulations, and policies regulating the organization and operation, causing difficulties in organizing, coordinating, and linking economic development in economic corridors in general and
tourism development in particular. Therefore, it is necessary to have comprehensive mechanisms and policies.
comprehensive, synchronous and reasonable for the development of economic zones in the country in general and Lang Son - Hanoi economic zones in particular. At the same time, these policy mechanisms must create strong enough leverage factors for development, towards increasingly complete institutions and the obligation to spread economic development in general and tourism in particular of economic zones.
2.1.3.3. Travel business
The spirit and determination of enterprises in linking tourism development along the corridor are decisive. Travel companies, tourism service systems and the connection between them are very important factors affecting tourism development along the corridor. It is an important link in the tourism value chain. In the process of developing tourism along the corridor, travel companies and tourism service facilities such as hotels, restaurants, entertainment facilities
Entertainment, medical treatment for tourists, souvenir sales... in urban centers as well as at tourist destinations on the route need to voluntarily link up and have a common development plan. Travel companies hold the core, central position. However, if they cannot see the profits (building tours on the route must attract tourists; Tourism revenue must increase; Bring high tourism development efficiency...), it will be very difficult for travel companies to invest in tourism development on the HLKT route.
When the entities operating in the tourism sector as the author just presented above do not voluntarily unite and operate together according to a common plan, it is difficult to develop tourism along the corridor effectively and sustainably.
In addition to the three factors affecting tourism development along the above mentioned HLKT routes, there are many other important factors affecting tourism development, specifically: (1). Geographical location and tourism resources
Geographical location affects the natural and human characteristics of tourist destinations. In addition, geographical location also affects whether or not tourists choose a tourist destination during their trip. Many places with beautiful scenery but located too far away will be less chosen than tourist destinations with attractive natural resources and located near the place of residence or direction of travel of tourists. On the contrary, having a beautiful geographical location but poor and unspecial tourism resources will not attract tourists.
Tourism is an industry with a clear resource orientation. TNDL is the prerequisite to determine the types of tourism and form the specialization of tourism activities. TNDL directly affects the organization of tourism territory. The combination and mutual complement of tourism resources on a HLKT route will also
create attractive tourism products for tourists. The scale of operations of a
A country, a region, a locality is determined on the basis of the volume of tourism resources. At the same time, tourism resources play a decisive role in the seasonality and rhythm of tourist flows. The quantity, density, quality of resources and
The level of combination of resources on the territory is of particular importance in the formation and development of national or local tourism.
Clause 4 (Article 4, Chapter 1) of the 2017 Law on Tourism of Vietnam stipulates: “Tourism resources are natural landscapes, natural elements, historical and cultural relics, creative works of human labor and other human values that can be used to meet tourism needs, and are basic factors for forming tourist areas, tourist spots, tourist routes and tourist cities”.
(2). Technical infrastructure serving tourism development
Technical infrastructure (CSHT) includes the transportation system.
(GTVT), communication, important
electricity and water supply system, this is the factor
mandarin
directly affect the development of tourism industry.
Transport axis: Tourism associated with human movement
people within a certain range. This depends
closely related
into GTVT, finance
Tourism resources may be attractive to tourists, but they cannot be exploited without the transport factor. Through convenient and fast transport networks, tourism becomes a popular phenomenon in society.
The communication network is an important part of tourism infrastructure, a necessary condition to ensure communication and interaction for tourists throughout the journey. In modern life in general and the tourism industry in particular, communication means are indispensable.
System
electricity and water supply system: is an indispensable condition
lack, aim
serve the essential needs of tourists. All activities of tourists as well as the entire infrastructure system will not be guaranteed without this system.
Three indispensable factors to create tourism products and services to meet the needs of tourists are: tourism resources, infrastructure and tourism labor. Tourism technical facilities play a very important role in the process of creating and implementing tourism products as well as deciding the level of exploitation of tourism potentials.
tourism to satisfy the needs of tourists. Because of such an important role, the development of the tourism industry is always associated with the construction and completion of technical infrastructure. Therefore, to effectively develop tourism along the HLKT route, localities along the route need to build a synchronous and convenient system of technical infrastructure...
increasingly better serve all needs from low to high of tourists. (3). Market demand
The economy develops, people's lives improve, the need for rest and entertainment increases. In fact, countries with developed economies and high per capita income are countries with a large proportion of people traveling. The development of economic sectors has a strong impact on the development of the tourism industry (the development of the transportation industry will make travel quick and convenient, the development of the agricultural industry will provide a large amount of food for the tourism industry, the products of the light industry will directly meet the consumption and shopping needs of tourists...) and vice versa, the development of the tourism industry also creates conditions to promote the development of many economic sectors. That said, the development of tourism along the HLKT route will also be an inevitable objective trend, a requirement of socio-economic development, the ultimate goal of which is to bring about higher tourism development efficiency, increase tourist satisfaction, stimulate tourists to visit many tourist destinations on the route (tourist destinations that were not attractive to them before)... and of course, increase tourists' ability to pay for tourism services on the route.
The more developed the society is, the higher the cultural level of people, the more motivation to travel, the ability to stimulate the need for travel, the desire to learn and the habit of traveling will be clearly formed. This is shown
through the association system…
education system, training, health network and regime
social welfare
(4). People's living standards
The population is an important productive force of society, and at the same time, a force that consumes social products, including services, typically the need for rest and tourism. The larger the population, the more people participate in production and service industries, the more conditions for tourism to develop to meet the need for rest and entertainment.
When people's living standards (material and spiritual) are guaranteed, tourism will have the opportunity to develop, income increases, living standards develop, people will have many essential needs, including the need to travel. When traveling and staying outside of their regular residence, people will have to pay for essential needs and travel-related expenses. Living standards are formed from actual income, improved living conditions, adequate food rations, and a guaranteed network of health care, cultural, and educational facilities.
However, people's demand for tourism will increase day by day, so that they are interested in a new form of tourism or a new tourism product, a new tourism route (typically tourism along the HLKT route)... the tourism products on the route must be really attractive and unique, the propaganda and promotion of tourism images of localities on the route must be really diverse and rich. (5). Tourists' requirements for high-quality tourism products
As personal income increases, customers expect higher quality products and services than before, which is a manifestation of the law of supply and demand. Therefore, to succeed and survive in today's market, tourism managers need to design strategies to enhance
quality of service
to satisfy customers better than competitors
competition. product
Good, rich and diverse tourism products are extremely important factors to retain tourists. To do so, only coordination and connection between localities along the HLKT route will create tourism products that meet the needs of tourists.
Customers will be more excited about new and unique tourism products while expanding the tourism market and creating attractive source markets.
2.1.4. Effectiveness of tourism development along economic corridors
The effectiveness of tourism development along the corridor is the overall effectiveness that tourism development along the corridor brings to the economy, to localities, to tourism business entities, and to those participating in tourism development along the corridor. It is reflected in the fact that tourism development along the corridor increases the number of tourists, increases revenue and profits from tourism activities along the corridor, and at the same time avoids unhealthy competition; fragmented development, unattractive to tourists, and even harms sustainable development.
(1) Economic efficiency
Increase high quality tourism products for society, increase value for
background
economy and increase profits for participants. From there, the tourism sector contributes more and more to the socio-economic development of the country or locality. At the same time, contributing to increasing tourism competitiveness.
Connecting many businesses, individuals, and organizations in many different fields and localities in developing responsible tourism. Ensuring sustainable tourism development. Although the subjects participating in the tourism value chain
schedule will
reduced self-esteem
due to but increased
extra
interdependence. Politics
extra
Mutual dependence through voluntary economic contracts, although binding on the subjects, will reduce spontaneous development and avoid risks for businesses in different fields. Therefore, it increases sustainable development (environmentally friendly, socially and culturally close, economically effective).
By developing tourism value chains (travel agencies, hotels, restaurants, transportation, shopping, tourism information, tourism management), it will create complete, unique, high-quality tourism products, mobilizing the whole community to participate as well as bringing more benefits to the whole community. Make tourism products internationally competitive, affirming the tourism product brands of localities along the HLKT route [57].
As a management tool, in other words, it provides a scientific basis for state management of tourism, specifically providing a scientific basis for policy makers to develop tourism in the short, medium and long term [21].
However, tourism development can lead to uneven profit distribution, which can easily lead to conflicts, push local prices up because of tourism, local inflation, seasonality affecting labor use... profits only fall into the pockets of a few individuals and organizations.
(2) Social effectiveness
Tourism is a comprehensive economic sector with interdisciplinary and inter-disciplinary nature.
highly socialized and developed tourism will create many jobs for
laborers, feed more people, through tourism activities also contribute to promoting cultural values, improving people's knowledge and community awareness to serve tourists, promoting the process of rural urbanization.
Currently, the proportion of service-based households in rural areas is only 11.2%. Continuing to encourage the strong development of tourism will help rural areas solve a series of problems: creating jobs, improving people's knowledge, developing rural infrastructure, thereby changing the economic structure and labor in rural areas towards increasing the proportion of services, developing civilized and modern rural areas in line with the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. Another fact is that in our country, over 3/4 of the country's cultural and historical relic sites, eco-tourism and resort areas are located in rural areas, mountainous areas and island areas. However, income from tourism is mainly concentrated in the two major tourist cities of