LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Terminology
Vietnamese Interpretation | English Interpretation | |
CFA | Confirmatory factor analysis | Confirmatory Factor Analysis |
DLNT | Rural tourism | |
Delta | Red River Delta | |
Red River Delta and Central Highlands | Red River Delta and Duyen Quang Northeast Sea | |
EFA | two price valuation method The important values in a scale are convergent validity and discriminant validity. | Exploratory Factor Analysis |
GDP | gross domestic product or gross domestic product domestic product | Gross Domestic Product |
Economic - Social | Economy - Society | |
Architect | Architect | |
MICE | type of tourism combining conferences, seminars, exhibitions, event organization, and incentive tourism of companies company for employees, partners | Meeting Incentive Conference Event |
Agriculture and Rural Development | Agriculture and Rural Development village | |
Publisher | Publishing house | |
OCOP | One product per commune, ward | One commune, one product |
OECD | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development economy | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
PTDLNT | Rural tourism development | |
Associate Professor | Associate Professor | |
TNDL | Tourism resources | |
TS | Dr. | |
People's Committee | People's Committee | |
UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization |
UNWTO | World Tourism Organization | World Tourism Organization |
USD | US Dollar | United States dollar |
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1. Tourists' evaluation of space and technical facilities of rural tourism in the Red River Delta 96
Table 3.2. Tourists' assessment of human resources serving rural tourism in the Red River Delta 97
Table 3.3. Tourists' evaluation of service quality of rural tourism in the Red River Delta 98
Table 3.4. Area structure of rural tourism businesses 101
Table 3.5. Total investment structure for a rural tourism business establishment ..102 Table 3.6. Number of employees of rural tourism businesses 103
Table 3.7. Age structure of workers at rural tourism businesses...104 Table 3.8. Percentage of trained workers at rural tourism businesses (divided by skills and expertise) 104
Table 3.9. Training forms of trained workers at rural tourism businesses 105
Table 3.10. Structure of rural tourism businesses according to business capacity 107
Table 3.11. Structure of rural tourism businesses according to total number of visitors in 01 year 107
Table 3.12. Structure of rural tourism businesses by total revenue per 1 visitor 108
Table 3.13. Cost structure of rural tourism businesses 109
Table 3.14. Structure of rural tourism businesses according to profit/revenue ratio 110
Table 3.15. Assessment of Accessibility for Rural Tourist Sites in the Red River Delta 113
Table 3.16. Assessment of rural tourism business resources in the Red River Delta 115
Table 3.17. Assessment of the rural tourism business environment in the Red River Delta 117
Table 3.18. Assessment of the ability to manage rural tourism business activities in the Red River Delta 119
Table 3.19. Results of assessment of influencing factors and level and development trend of rural tourism in the Red River Delta 127
LIST OF TABLES
Chart 3.1. Growth rate of tourist arrivals to the Red River Delta in the period 2015 - 2019 84
Figure 3.2. Structure of rural tourist sources 85
Figure 3.3. Gender structure of rural tourists 86
Figure 3.4. Age structure of rural tourists 86
Figure 3.5. Occupational structure of rural tourists 87
Figure 3.6. Structure of means of transport and travel time of rural tourists ...87 Figure 3.7. Structure of scale and accompanying people of rural tourists 88
Figure 3.8. Purpose of rural tourists' trips 89
Figure 3.9. Forms of organizing trips for rural tourists 90
Figure 3.10. Frequency of rural tourism of tourists 90
Figure 3.11. Sources of information about rural tourism for tourists 91
Figure 3.12. Level of service participation of rural tourists 92
Figure 3.13. Length of stay of rural tourists 92
Figure 3.14. Rural tourists' assessment of spending level 93
Figure 3.15. Spending structure of rural tourists 93
Figure 3.16. Tourists' evaluation of rural tourism quality 99
Figure 3.17. Intentions of rural tourists in the Red River Delta 100
Figure 3.18. Types of rural tourism businesses 100
Figure 3.19. Rural tourism business time 101
Figure 3.20. Service scale of rural tourism businesses 102
Figure 3.21. Monthly distribution of visitors to rural tourism 105
Figure 3.22. Rate of weekend and weekday visitors of rural tourism 106
Figure 3.23. Distribution of the number of assessments on accessibility to rural tourist attractions in the Red River Delta 114
Figure 3.24. Distribution of the number of assessments on rural tourism business resources in the Red River Delta 116
Figure 3.25. Distribution of the number of assessments on the rural tourism business environment in the Red River Delta 118
Figure 3.26. Distribution of the number of assessments on the ability to manage rural tourism business activities in the Red River Delta 120
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. Definition of rural tourism 28
Figure 2.2. Concept of rural tourism 30
Figure 2.3. Conceptual model of rural tourism as a continuum 30
Figure 2.4. Definition system of rural tourism 31
Figure 2.5. Rural tourism according to Beeton's assessment 33
Figure 2.6. UNWTO's concept of rural tourism. 35
Figure 2.7. Classification of rural tourism activities 38
Figure 2.8. Forms of rural tourism 39
Figure 2.9. Forms of rural tourism 40
Figure 2.10. Interaction between rural cooperatives and rural tourism development 49
Figure 2.11. Rural tourism development triangle model 49
Figure 2.12. Integrated rural model combined with appropriate strategy 51
INTRODUCTION
1. Urgency of the topic
Tourism is one of the fastest growing and largest industries in the world. In both developed and developing countries, tourism is often considered an effective means of enhancing regional economic activity. In addition, developed tourism also promotes the image of the destination, preserves traditional cultural values, improves the living standards of local communities, and helps the region achieve many other goals. In the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the shift of labor from rural to urban areas is increasing, the pressure of urban life is increasing, tourists tend to find peaceful spaces for their vacations.
According to world statistics, the global tourism market is expected to reach nearly 120 billion USD by 2027 with an annual growth rate of 7.4%. While traditional tourism only increases by an average of 4%. The green tourism trend has been receiving attention from tourists as well as tourism professionals in recent years.
Resolution No. 08-NQ/TW dated January 16, 2017 of the Politburo on developing tourism into a spearhead economic sector, which identifies that by 2020 tourism will basically be a spearhead economic sector with a total revenue of 35 billion USD, contributing 10% to GDP. Within the next 10 years, tourism needs to truly be a spearhead economic sector, strongly promoting the development of other sectors. In the strategy for developing Vietnam's tourism to 2030, tourism is identified to develop into a spearhead economic sector, contributing to the implementation of the country's socio-economic development goals. In addition to the advantageous and strategic product lines such as sea and island tourism, eco-tourism, and cultural tourism, the development of rural tourism is considered an important development orientation. Developing agriculture and rural areas and improving the quality of life of rural people is always the top concern of the Party and State of Vietnam [19].
Rural tourism (RDT) is a type of tourism that exploits rural values as a valuable tourism resource to attract tourist markets. RDT is not only a new type of tourism, creating a difference but also making a great contribution to the economy, culture, society and environmental protection, or in other words, a
sustainable development
Many global surveys have shown that non-agricultural activities generate 30% - 45% of the income of farming households. In developed countries, non-agricultural activities account for a large proportion of total non-agricultural income. Due to the increasingly narrowing of rural areas, non-agricultural activities in these countries tend to develop in depth, with products of high economic value. Meanwhile, in developing countries, including Vietnam, non-agricultural activities have just begun to be exploited, mainly developing in breadth and are considered a tool to fight poverty and diversify income for rural residents.
Vietnam is an agricultural country with about 64.08% of the population living in rural areas, nearly 40% of the country's labor force is in the agricultural economic sector [23], the agricultural sector accounts for a fairly high proportion in the economic structure. Currently, in the total income of rural people, income from agricultural production accounts for only about 27%, income from non-agricultural production activities and services accounts for 73%, of which tourism and rural services account for about 40% of the total income of rural residents [1]. Rural areas in Vietnam account for over 92% of the country's area, distributed into 7 tourist regions suitable for the characteristics of tourism resources associated with economic regions, cultural regions, geographical regions, climate and economic corridors, including key tourist areas with many tourist attractions, beautiful natural landscapes, diverse craft village systems... forming clusters of strong tourism development. Each region has its own unique values in terms of living habits, customs, agricultural practices, cultural identity, housing architecture, traditional craft villages, culinary values, etc., creating a colorful picture of rural agricultural culture of the whole country and are special values for rural tourism development (RTDNT) specific to each region.
The Red River Delta (RD) includes the capital Hanoi, Hai Phong city and the provinces of Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Ha Nam, Hung Yen, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, Vinh Phuc. The RRD, with its terrain mainly being the Red River Delta, is connected to a part of the midland and mountainous area and the coastal and island areas, with diverse and rich tourism resources; especially the place with a long history, this is the cradle of the wet rice civilization, the culture of the Northern villages with "Banyan tree,
wharves, communal houses' yards", with rural agriculture, ancient villages, agricultural villages, traditional craft villages, with lively village spaces and beautiful, lyrical countryside landscapes, have the potential to become attractive rural tourist destinations for domestic and foreign visitors.
However, compared to the potential advantages of the region, the type of tourism in the region is not yet developed, lacking overall orientation for the whole region and for each locality. It is only spontaneous, small-scale, overlapping, has not promoted the core values of traditional cultural identity, the sophistication, the unique imprint of the region in the specific products of the tourism region associated with the Red River Rice Civilization, has not attracted domestic and foreign tourists, and spending on tourism activities is not high....
Theories on tourism development, tourism development associated with regional linkages, and DLNT have appeared in documents in Vietnam and around the world. This theory provides and enriches the theoretical system for the tourism industry and creates a foundation for the practical aspects of this issue. PTDLNT in the Red River Delta is in great need of scientific research as a basis. However, through the current research overview, there is no topic directly researching PTDLNT in the Red River Delta.
Faced with that reality, the doctoral student chose the topic "Developing rural tourism in the Red River Delta" as his doctoral thesis, which is a suitable and highly practical direction, contributing to the implementation of the Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy as well as the implementation of the National Target Program on new rural construction.
2. Research objectives and tasks
a. Research objectives:
Based on the analysis of the potentials and current status of tourism, propose viewpoints, orientations and solutions to promote tourism development in the Red River Delta.
b. Research tasks:
From the research objectives, the thesis carries out the following research tasks:
- Selectively systematize theoretical and practical bases on tourism development, rural tourism, rural tourism development, and regional connectivity in rural tourism development;
- Survey and analyze the potential of tourism development in the Red River Delta region;