Rural Infrastructure Construction Solutions Group

Developing beekeeping for honey (nectar from medicinal plants) concentrated in the communes of Liem Phu, Khanh Ha, Nam Xay, Nam Chay, Nam Xe, Nam Tha...

Developing concentrated goat farming in the communes of Nam Dang, Chieng Ken, Nam Tha, Liem Phu, Dan Thang, and Nam Chay.

Developing poultry farming in the communes of Vo Lao, Van Son, Khanh Yen Thuong, Khanh Yen Trung, Khanh Yen Ha, and Liem Phu.

Expanding freshwater fish farming areas concentrated in the communes of Vo Lao, Van Son, Nam Dang, Tan Thuong, Khanh Yen Trung, Khanh Yen Ha, and Liem Phu.

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Regarding forestry: The focus of forestry production in the district is to restore and develop the area of upstream protection forests to create conditions for the formation of eco-tourism and community tourism sites.

* Urban space development

The ongoing socio-economic development trend strongly promotes the urbanization process. The urban development orientation of the district until 2020 is to focus on developing communes along National Highway 279 such as: Khanh Yen Town, Lang Giang, Hoa Mac, Duong Quy, Minh Luong, Nam Xe, Tan An, Tan Thuong. Communes along Provincial Road 151 such as: Vo Lao, Van Son, Son Thuy communes to complete infrastructure, expand trade and exchange of goods associated with economic development and ensure national defense and security.

3.4.2. Land solution group

First of all, the question is: How to improve the quality of "agricultural and rural development planning"? Our current planning is at the level of planning for plants and animals, not at the level of planning for products and goods.

For example: peanut growing areas, rice growing areas, medicinal plant growing areas... what are the final products to bring to the market, the planning has not answered. Therefore, many subsequent factors are not included in the planning, for example: service planning, processing planning (both scale and technology), infrastructure planning... Next to the planning is the implementation of the planning, which we often say is from the master plan to the detailed plan and then the plan. Because the concept of planning is at the planning of trees and animals, the detailed planning is also simply dividing the large plan into smaller plans.

Small plans, not detailed steps, necessary and sufficient factors to reach the final product. In short, we must redo the planning of agricultural and rural economy on the basis of commodity-market economic thinking.

3.4.3. Capital solutions group

Capital solutions need to focus on the following:

- The State needs to focus capital on the highlands through specific programs and projects, giving priority to shifting the structure of crops, livestock and agricultural economic structure for rural development. Strengthen agricultural and forestry extension to develop farm economy and exploit other resources of the region in a reasonable manner.

- There needs to be a mechanism for farmers to borrow capital that is suitable to the actual conditions of the region, specifically:

+ Lending to the right subjects: These are subjects that must have real needs to develop production, control the use of capital for the right purpose and effectively, especially giving priority to poor and near-poor households.

+ Apply appropriate forms of mortgage and interest rates: for rich and middle-class households, there must be appropriate collateral or guaranteed materials. For poor households, it is necessary to implement a credit sponsorship regime, using lending forms through representative organizations such as the Women's Union, Farmers' Association, Veterans' Association... and there must be preferential interest rates for farmers in this group.

+ Increase lending capital: Further develop the scale of lending to farming households of the Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, the Bank for Social Policies; consolidate and develop credit cooperatives, increase long-term and medium-term loans through economic development programs, focusing on lending to expand production and business of local products with strengths such as: Loans for raising large livestock (buffalo, cow, horse, native pig, goat), beekeeping for honey, growing medicinal plants, fruit trees... There needs to be guidance and assistance for farming households to use loans effectively, with a specific loan amount for each type of household to maximize loan capital.

3.4.4. Group of solutions on human resource development

Human potential is decisive for all activities, having people and knowledge means having everything. Therefore, in this solution, the following issues need to be resolved:

- Develop education, improve people's knowledge; improve the physical strength of the labor force; provide vocational training, support employment, and support livelihoods for the poor. Practice shows that the cause of poverty is not only due to the environment and geographical conditions but also due to the circumstances and characteristics of individuals and households, in which the key issue is knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program to "eliminate intellectual poverty for the poor of ethnic minorities". Implement illiteracy eradication and universalize lower secondary education. Have support policies for poor students such as: providing textbooks, monthly rice allowances, and free tuition. It will be much more effective when children's educational level and cognitive thinking are raised, they will work with the community to change the thinking of adults such as grandparents and parents.

- Healthcare for the poor and ethnic minorities: Strengthen the grassroots healthcare network, do not let health stations be too far from residential areas, people can come for emergency care and examination in a timely manner, meet the needs of medical examination and treatment, inpatient treatment of people as well as the poor. Diversify the forms of free medical examination and treatment, reduced fees, family planning services for the poor, pay special attention to women and children such as building nutrition programs for children, reproductive health care for women... Continue to extend the transfer period of medical staff from higher levels to work for a limited time at the grassroots level. Have appropriate policies to encourage doctors to work in especially difficult areas and ethnic minority areas.

3.4.5. Group of solutions on science and technology

In the context of commodity-oriented production, the application of scientific and technological advances plays an increasingly important role and is the driving force for the development of commodity production. Science and technology are the key to the development of modern agriculture.

Nowadays, the application of science and technology is recognized as one of the most economical measures in agricultural production. Farmers who apply scientific and technological advances in production and business can quickly increase productivity, improve product quality, reduce costs, thereby improving product competitiveness in the market and ensuring profits.

Change the backward farming regime, introduce high-yield crop and livestock varieties, especially specialty seedlings (such as Cham Pep rice, high-yield corn, lean pigs, improve local cattle and horse herds, etc.).

Changing varieties goes hand in hand with improving farming systems, post-harvest technology...

To develop the farmer household economy in the present period, it is necessary to pay attention to the following measures:

- Organize well agricultural extension activities, disseminate knowledge, transfer science and technology, and apply experience to agricultural production. It is necessary to transfer processes to each farming household in many different forms, at the same time helping farmers grasp information about the market and prices of agricultural products so that farmers can decide on their production structure. Build demonstration models and set up pilot areas for each region and village to receive transfer of science and technology from research institutes, experimental farms, and higher-level agricultural extension organizations to farming households.

- Organize short-term training courses on knowledge of production and business management for commodity producers, especially farm owners, cooperatives and interest groups... State management agencies need to compile technical guidance documents on crop and livestock production suitable to local conditions such as: farming practices, awareness level... of the people.

- Expand the service system, especially scientific and technical services, to provide materials and guide people in production, thereby purchasing and exchanging products for people, such as guiding people in using fertilizers, improving soil, protecting plants, growing rice and raising livestock in a safe and commodity-oriented manner...

- Organize training for cadres and farmers with capacity and qualifications to do agricultural extension work on the spot. Closely coordinate with mass organizations to mobilize farmers to implement measures to "collect capital" to invest in equipment to support production as well as act as an intermediary bridge to the market.

3.4.6. Group of solutions for building rural infrastructure

Infrastructure is the premise for farmers to develop commodity production, the basis for industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Including electricity, roads, schools, stations, education, health care and community health care. Therefore, this group of solutions needs to focus on:

- Perfecting the rural transport system associated with new rural construction and sustainable poverty reduction with the viewpoint that the State and people work together and communicate.

Rural communication is very important in expanding the market and transferring scientific and technical advances. Quickly complete the national power grid to residential areas to promote production development as well as enhance people's spiritual enjoyment needs as well as improve access to information (Because when there is electricity, people will access mass media).

- Expanding communication systems: the more the economy develops, the more information is required, it is necessary to equip telephone information soon, especially in communes in particularly difficult areas.

3.4.7. Policy solution group

- Implement measures to develop forests, forestry, agro-forestry and other economic activities to achieve sedentarization and prevent deforestation.

- Implement support for poor ethnic minorities to know how to escape poverty and avoid falling back into poverty when facing risks, such as: direct material support for the poor in sudden risks due to natural disasters, epidemics..., partial support to help the poor participate in economic activities: seeds, livestock, supplies, fertilizers, pesticides... along with material support for the poor on the basis of guiding the poor in production, business and economic development depending on family conditions.

- Develop a number of specific policies for each locality based on the Government's policies. Policies to support the poor in ethnic minority areas need to gradually shift from direct support to mainly supporting livelihoods. Attach the responsibility of beneficiaries to the effectiveness of support programs. The development of new policies and programs needs to pay more attention to the issue of coordination right from the policy design stage to create a basis for coordination and integration in implementation, but not affect the implementation progress as well as the ability to attract foreign investment capital of each program.

- Arrange grassroots agricultural extension staff to help people apply scientific and technical advances and choose appropriate plant and animal varieties and production models. Gradually guide the poor to produce concentrated goods and access markets to have high-value products.

- There is a subsidy policy for products produced by farmers such as: Ensuring product consumption at stable prices and ensuring benefits for them, tax exemption in the first years for cooperatives providing commercial services to consume agricultural and handicraft products made by local people.

- Currently, the poverty rate of the district is still high, the main reasons are:

+ Lack of production capital, lack of arable land, fragmented investment, low economic efficiency, some workers are unemployed.

+ Low educational level, lack of production experience, lack of scientific and technical knowledge.

+ Due to large population due to high birth rates, unplanned births, low labor productivity.

+ Some households are lazy, spend without planning, and have outdated customs and practices.

Therefore, in terms of policy, there needs to be a major solution for poor households such as:

+ Continue to implement a reasonable shift in crop structure according to each specialized area to promote the strengths of local soil, climate and human resources, and expand the network of goods and services.

+ Continue to strengthen cooperative mutual support groups, form groups of households that help each other, exchange and learn from each other in production to rise up and escape poverty.

+ Deploy the campaign to eliminate hunger and reduce poverty associated with good implementation of population and family planning, health care, education and training, illiteracy eradication and other social policies...

- To effectively implement mechanisms and policies, it is necessary to:

+ Strengthen inspection and supervision work to promptly detect errors and shortcomings for timely adjustment or take measures to improve and enhance the quality and effectiveness of policies to suit reality; have mechanisms to encourage mass organizations and poor households who are ethnic minorities to participate in the process of monitoring policy implementation.

+ Regularly evaluate policies to find the best models. From there, create flexible policies, promote initiative, creativity and enhance the responsibility of local authorities in difficult areas and regions.

Ethnic people with very different characteristics, economic, cultural, social conditions, customs and intelligence.

3.4.8. Group of solutions to enhance the role and responsibility of local authorities

- Focus on staff work. The core of every poverty reduction plan is the staff directly implementing it. Reality at the grassroots level shows that the capacity of staff is still weak, enthusiasm and concern for people's lives are not high; not many staff working on hunger eradication and poverty reduction are fluent in ethnic languages, which is a major barrier in propaganda and mobilization work. Therefore, it is necessary to have a specific plan for staff work. One of the important solutions is to train and foster ethnic staff to persuade and guide people to escape poverty.

- Innovate the management and implementation mechanism of poverty reduction. Coordinate and integrate policies to support the poor in the local socio-economic development program to best support the ability to rise out of poverty and enrich households in each residential area. Mobilize people's participation in poverty reduction activities by: State investment, construction support, people's participation in contributing labor and locally available materials. Implement flexible management decentralization in accordance with the level and capacity of each level and each sector, build a coordination mechanism between relevant parties. Develop support policies for near-poor households and newly escaped poverty households so that they can continue to enjoy support policies on credit, agricultural and forestry extension, vocational training, etc. for a certain period of time to have enough potential and be more stable when rising out of poverty, moving far away from the poverty line, avoiding falling below the poverty line or falling back into poverty when facing risks (natural disasters, illness, accidents, etc.).

- Strengthen propaganda so that the poor can proactively overcome difficulties and have the awareness to escape poverty. The propaganda content must be practical and specific so that people understand why it is necessary to eliminate hunger and reduce poverty and the responsibility of each person. Raise awareness and the will to strive to escape poverty. This cannot only be done by conventional propaganda and persuasion measures. In fact, a part of the people, while still enjoying many benefits of poor households, still want to be poor households to continue to enjoy the support of the State. In addition, there is a situation where poor households want to separate into many poor households and benefit more from poverty reduction programs. In order for people to truly want to escape poverty, especially for households that have just escaped poverty, the State needs to

Maintain some policies so that they can enjoy the benefits of poor households for a certain period of time so that they have the conditions to develop the economy to help them escape poverty sustainably. At the same time, strengthen propaganda, mobilize, replicate models and examples of poverty escape so that other poor households can strive and see that escaping poverty is something to be proud of. If this issue is well implemented, it will contribute to raising people's awareness and creating both material and spiritual motivation for them to strive to move forward.

- Enhance access to information and communication in ethnic minority languages. Enhance capacity for district radio and television stations and commune radio stations: Understand the information needs of ethnic minorities, improve radio programs, make them attractive and suitable to the information needs of the people. Provide training on implementing modern ethnic minority radio programs; Provide training and study tours on implementing interactive radio programs.

3.4.9. Market solutions

For many years now, the situation of agricultural products “good harvest, low price, good price, bad harvest” has been repeated like a familiar refrain, making farmers never stop struggling. This situation has many causes, one of which is the lack of market information. In order to develop the socio-economy, eliminate hunger and reduce poverty in mountainous areas in general, including Van Ban district, Lao Cai province, the issue of choosing business entities and market information plays a particularly important role.

* Business must be the core

On the path of developing mountainous agriculture and forestry, we always have to face many problems of "good harvest, low price", "planting today, cutting tomorrow", "the money from selling products is not enough to pay for harvesting"... This phenomenon is the integration of many causes, but perhaps the most obvious is the lack of market-oriented information for production and business. Information is a commodity, a decisive factor for success or failure in competition, and an orientation for the production, processing and consumption process. Today, market information is not simply information about prices or quality of goods, but it integrates many layers of information about supply, demand, prices, competition, business entities, the influence of political, social, diplomatic, weather factors... Moreover, market information is only truly useful when it becomes the knowledge of business people. With such requirements, it must clearly be at the enterprise level.

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