In the strategy to accelerate the growth process, research to find solutions for tourism development for Lam Dong is an urgent requirement, in order to mobilize, exploit all resources and promote Lam Dong's potential into effective tourism activities, contributing to the economic restructuring, soon bringing Lam Dong tourism, especially Da Lat, to the right position commensurate with the potential and stature of a major tourism center of Vietnam.
There have been a number of research topics from different perspectives to propose solutions to develop tourism in Lam Dong. However, up to now, there has not been any in-depth research project addressing the issue of building a tourism development strategy for Lam Dong province as a basis for building long-term plans for the province. In our opinion, tourism development in Lam Dong is not only the task of the tourism industry and managers, but must be a common task of all sectors and must be socialized at a high level. For the above reasons, through studying the current situation of tourism in Lam Dong province, we have chosen the topic: " Developing tourism in Lam Dong to 2020" as our master's thesis in economic science.
In this thesis, we would like to contribute a perspective and an approach to building a tourism development strategy in a locality with rich tourism potential, building strategic orientations and solutions for tourism development from now until 2020.
The thesis is completed on the basis of the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism combining theory and practice; selectively applying theories of economic growth and development; through analyzing economic data and studying the tourism business situation of Lam Dong in the period 1997 - 2006.
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Tourism Development Orientation of Lam Dong Province to 2020
The thesis uses two basic data sources: secondary and primary. Secondary sources include: Lam Dong Tourism and Trade Development Plan 5
(2006 - 2010), the content of Notice 43/KT-NS dated May 29, 2006 of the Economic - Budget Committee of the People's Council of Lam Dong province. The data were collected from sources such as: General Department of Tourism, General Statistics Office, Vietnam Institute for Tourism Development Research, Lam Dong Statistics Office, reports, annual summaries of tourism activities of Lam Dong Department of Tourism and Trade, magazines, tourism special issues... Primary sources include: questionnaire interviews and comments from experts.
The thesis structure consists of 3 main parts:
Chapter I: General theory of tourism industry.
Chapter II: Situation of Lam Dong tourism activities in the period 1996 - 2006. Chapter III: Solutions for Lam Dong tourism development to 2020.
Despite the enthusiastic help of the instructor, the sincere exchange and provision of information and data from the Department of Tourism and Trade of Lam Dong, due to limited time and limited research ability, the thesis has not yet mentioned all aspects of the problem in the development and integration trend of the tourism industry in the country in general and Lam Dong tourism in particular and there will certainly be many shortcomings. I sincerely hope that teachers and colleagues will contribute ideas to make the thesis more complete.
Chapter 1
GENERAL THEORY OF TOURISM
1.1. Introduction to tourism
1.1.1. Concept of tourism
When talking about tourism, people often think of entertainment, sightseeing, wonders, cultural relics, historical relics, etc., when economic conditions allow. Chinese scholars, based on the analysis of the nature and attributes of tourism, have given the following definition: "Tourism is a socio-economic phenomenon arising in certain socio-economic conditions, is the sum of all relations and phenomena caused by travel to satisfy the main purpose of rest, entertainment, recreation and culture but mobile, not settled but temporarily residing of people".
In fact, the concept of tourism is much broader. Today, tourism is no longer a mere pastime but has become a developed socio-cultural and economic activity, an industry that attracts strong foreign currency without going through export. When doing tourism, in addition to visiting scenic spots, historical sites, etc., it is not only simply for entertainment and enjoyment, but it also carries the content of learning, research, exchange and cooperation. Thus, tourism is a high-class cultural activity, having a multifaceted relationship with a certain economic, cultural and social background, and it becomes even richer in the process of internationalizing tourism and strong international division of labor cooperation in the current globalization period.
Modern tourism emerged in the 19th century along with the development of industrial civilization. For a long time, it was the privilege of the upper class, but the introduction of a number of social laws and the increase in incomes gave rise to a mass phenomenon; this turning point was recorded in 1936 , when an international convention on the right to paid leave was signed.
For Vietnam, the concept of tourism is stated in the Vietnam Tourism Ordinance promulgated on February 20, 1999 as follows: "Tourism is a human activity outside of one's regular place of residence to satisfy the needs of sightseeing, entertainment, and relaxation within a certain period of time" .
In fact, in addition to the need for sightseeing, entertainment, and relaxation, today's tourists also have a great need to explore, discover, learn, and exchange when coming to new lands. Therefore, the concept of tourism can also be understood as follows: Tourism is the activity of people outside their regular place of residence to satisfy the need for sightseeing, entertainment, relaxation, study, and exploration of the lands they visit for a certain period of time.
From the above tourism concept, we can determine the needs of tourists so that we can have appropriate solutions to create new markets, new lands, new products, new discoveries, creating strong attraction for tourists.
1.1.2. Characteristics and orientation of tourism product development
Modern economic viewpoint does not consider tourism products and services as intangible but includes intangible products and physical products, or both because these are products and services (abbreviated as products) that serve human needs not at home, at the place where they live long-term, but in another place, another country, for a certain period of time, so tourism products are extremely rich and diverse, always developing and innovating according to the pace of socio-economic development of each locality, each country and are influenced by international.
Understanding the concept of tourism products is the starting point of studying tourism economics. It includes: starting from the destination to tourism, tourism products are all services of tourism businesses based on tourist attractions and tourism initiation, aiming to provide customers to satisfy their tourism needs. Understanding from the perspective of tourists
is a one-time travel process that requires a certain amount of time, money and effort from the tourist.
Tourism products are a general concept. In business practice, a tourism product is often provided by tourism businesses and departments belonging to a number of independent industries. These businesses and departments organize their own services based on the nature of their industry around their own target market. On the other hand, the needs of tourists are global, and tourism only satisfies some of their needs such as: eating, staying, traveling, sightseeing, entertainment, shopping, etc. In other words, for the tourist population, the tourist destination can only organically combine individual tourism products to create tourism products that meet the needs of tourists.
Researching and clearly defining tourism products of each region and territory, in order to prioritize and persistently invest in those products is an extremely important and urgent task, which has a decisive meaning for the success of the tourism industry. So tourism products are understood as:
- Tourism products are special goods, tourism products have common properties of goods, that is, there are two layers of properties: value and use value. Tourism products are a type of synthetic product, in addition to tangible material products in terms of food and beverage services, the majority are intangible products and satisfy the spiritual needs of tourists, therefore compared to general goods, the use value and value of tourism products have some unique characteristics.
Thus, tourism products include tangible elements (goods) and intangible elements (services) to provide satisfaction to customers.
- Tourism products are products that cannot be stored like physical products in general. Because tourism products do not have an independent "production" process, the "production" results are not expressed in specific objects, its value is transferred step by step during each product consumption process. After tourists buy tourism products, people
Tourism business immediately grants the right to use the related product for a certain period of time. If the tourism product cannot be sold in time, its value cannot be realized, and the loss caused will not be compensated.
- Tourism products have the simultaneous nature of production and consumption: Unlike products in general, the production of tourism products is based on tourists arriving at the tourist destination. Only when tourists arrive at the production site will the construction of the product take place, and only when tourists receive tourism services will tourism costs begin. Tourism service activities require both producers and consumers to participate in order to complete. Thus, the production and consumption of tourism products occur at the same time and in the same place.
- Tourism products are often unbalanced due to seasonality and are influenced by many different political, economic, social and natural factors.
- Customer demand for tourism products is easily changed due to many factors, so it must be sold as soon as possible.
- Tourism products are easily fluctuating: In the process of production and consumption of tourism products, they are affected and limited by many factors, in which even the lack of one condition will affect the entire process of exchanging tourism products, affecting the realization of tourism product value, thereby causing the production and consumption of tourism products to show fluctuating characteristics.
From the basic characteristics of tourism products have led to the characteristics of the tourism industry. Accordingly, tourism is an economic sector that plays a quite important role in the economy of many countries. In the orientation of tourism development, it is necessary to identify all those products and classify them to find solutions, assign management and develop them in a reasonable and effective way.
1.1.3. Position of tourism in the national economy
In 1995, according to the United Nations Office for National Economic and Social Accounting, the total income of international tourism and domestic tourism of countries worldwide was
The revenue of this "smokeless industry" has reached the equivalent of 4,000 billion USD, accounting for approximately 11% of the global gross domestic product. In particular, for some countries with strong tourism industries such as Spain, the above rate is 18.9%; even in Caribbean countries, it is 31.5%.
Tourism is not only a highly profitable industry for some countries in the world, but it is also an economic sector that attracts a lot of labor and creates many jobs. Currently, there are more than 220 million workers in this "smokeless industry". Therefore, according to the World Tourism Organization, "Tourism has become one of the three major pillars of international trade, along with oil and the automobile industry". According to forecasts, in the next 10 years, the world tourism industry will have 338 million workers working to create about 7,200 billion USD.
Along with the development of the technical revolution, especially the rapid development of the information technology sector, it has a strong impact on the international economic structure. Following that trend, tourism is no longer of local or national significance but has become an international phenomenon.
The following figures from the World Tourism Organization (WTO) show the annual increase in tourist arrivals and the continued growth in tourism revenues (See Appendix 1).
Regarding tourism, if in 1995, Vietnam attracted 1 million international tourists and served more than 3.2 million domestic tourists, by 2000 it had attracted 2.14 million international visitors and more than 11 million domestic tourists. In 2004, there were 2.93 million international visitors and more than 14.5 million domestic visitors. With the above number of visitors, tourism has brought in an income of 1.2 billion USD. If taking the average price of 150 USD/ton of exported rice, with the above revenue, the tourism industry has had a revenue twice as large as the revenue of 4 million tons of exported rice and if compared to about 10 billion USD of Vietnam's exports in 2006, tourism revenue alone accounted for 12%.
With the development of tourism, it is a good condition for people in different countries, different ethnic groups on this planet to become closer, closer and closer to each other and help each other to enrich knowledge for each person. It is also tourism that helps people understand each other better and together build and cultivate a peaceful, prosperous and happy life .
In short, tourism is an indispensable need of people and nations in learning, exploring, enjoying and creating. The contribution of tourism has become very important for the economic growth process, creating leverage for the development of other economic sectors. The need for tourism is always associated with the need to understand, explore, enjoy and create according to the characteristics of each culture, on the basis of knowing how to awaken the material and spiritual cultural values of the nation. Correct perception of the content of the tourism category is fundamental to orienting tourism development.
1.2. Overview of Vietnam tourism
1.2.1. Overview of the formation and development process of Vietnam's tourism industry
Vietnam tourism has existed for a long time, but the Vietnam tourism industry was officially established on July 9, 1960 under Decision No. 26/CP of the Prime Minister. During the 46 years (1960-2006) of formation and development, the tourism industry has always received attention from the Party and the State, in each period, the position of tourism in the country's socio-economic development strategy has been determined in accordance with the requirements of the revolution.
During the period when the country was temporarily divided and at war (1960-1975), Vietnam tourism was born to meet the needs of serving delegations of the Party and the State, tourists entering our country mainly according to the Protocols . Vietnam tourism industry has successfully completed its political tasks, providing safe and quality services; a large number of guests of the Party and the State, expert delegations from Socialist countries came to help Vietnam carry out two tasks: building socialism in the North and liberating the South and unifying the country; at the same time, welcoming and serving, meeting the needs of tourism, sightseeing and vacation of cadres, soldiers and people.