Lam Dong province has many famous scenic spots, many sub-regions with different climate, soil and landscape characteristics. Lam Dong currently has about 150 areas and points (including 17 national monuments) with potential for tourism investment. Most of the areas and points with famous tourism potential that are popular with many domestic and foreign people are located in Da Lat city and surrounding areas, located in urban areas, along main traffic routes such as National Highway 20, 27, Provincial Highway 723... so it is convenient for transportation and has conditions to form clusters and tours. Some areas and points have locations, natural - social conditions, and landscapes that are favorable for large-scale tourism investment.
2.1.1.2. Cultural factors
In 2007, the average population of Lam Dong province was 1,207,087 people, with more than 40 ethnic groups living together, of which 24% were ethnic minorities, of which the ethnic minorities (EM) of the Central Highlands origin had about 185,000 people, mainly the K'ho, Chill, Churu, Stieng, Ma... ethnic groups. The characteristic of having many ethnic groups living together has created a unique folk cultural treasure for Lam Dong associated with the traditional living and working habits of the ethnic minorities in Lam Dong, which is valuable for tourism development.
Like most other agricultural residents, due to living in conditions that are almost integrated with nature, the ethnic minorities in Lam Dong still preserve many forms of cultural activities and traditional festivals that reflect their views on the natural world and their beliefs. These are rituals with agricultural practices that still have strong primitive features.
In the concept of the Ma, K'ho, Mnong or Churu people, nature is not inanimate, but a spiritual world with emotions and behaviors like the human world and the two sides can completely understand each other and communicate with each other. Therefore, before doing anything that affects the natural world, people must worship according to a strict principle. Typical examples are the new rice worshiping ceremony, gong festival and buffalo stabbing festival.
- New rice offering ceremony: The new rice offering ceremony is one of the traditional festivals of the Ma and K'ho people, a form of praying to the gods for favorable weather, bountiful crops, and to prevent wild animals from destroying the fields, which coincides with the Lunar New Year of the Kinh people. Offering new rice and new rice is also to let descendants appreciate the rice grains. The offering ceremony includes: new fragrant rice, a cup of wine, a rooster, a castrated male pig, and trapped wild animals. The festival begins with the shaman's prayer to Giàng, followed by the custom of sprinkling wine to wish everyone. Finally, there is drinking wine, singing love songs, epics, and tan pot (Ma and K'ho folk songs) to the bustling sound of gongs. The festival lasts all night until the next morning, which is an opportunity for tourists to learn and research.
- Buffalo stabbing festival: This is also a common festival in the Central Highlands, usually taking place after the harvest season, coinciding with the spring festival (called Sa Ro Pu festival) to thank the gods. According to custom, each year a family sacrifices a buffalo. The ceremony is held outdoors, in front of the family that sacrifices the buffalo. The ceremony usually lasts for many days, and is called Thuong festival by the lowlanders. It is an elaborate ceremony, from erecting the pole, to choosing the person to perform the dance to the gods, the way to stab the buffalo, butcher the meat, ... and there must always be a gong ensemble accompanying it, which is very valuable for visiting and researching.
- Gong festival: Gongs are indispensable musical instruments in festivals of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in general and Lam Dong in particular. For the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, gongs are not simply musical instruments, but they also symbolize gods. According to the concept of the Central Highlands, "gongs" are symbols of the earth god or the moon, and "drums" are symbols of the sun. Therefore, the gong festival, in addition to being a community cultural activity, is also an occasion for people to express their desire to communicate with gods. Currently, with time, festival activities such as buffalo stabbing and gongs have gradually faded away. Lam Dong only has a few places that still maintain gong festivals in the villages of the K'ho and Ma ethnic groups. These festival forms need to be maintained, developed or recreated in tourism programs to attract visitors.
In addition to the traditional folk festivals of the ethnic minorities of the Central Highlands, in recent years Lam Dong has organized festivals that will gradually become traditional festivals, such as:
- Dalat Festival (embroidery artisans association): Every year on the 12th day of the 6th lunar month, all artisans and embroidery artists from all over the country flock to Dalat to participate in the anniversary of the embroidery industry. The festival usually lasts for 3 days. The first day is the rituals of the "incense village festival" taking place at XQ - Su Quan; including processions such as "tying thread to wish for the embroidery profession", " pacifying the gods" and other programs such as "embroiderer fashion", ... The second day of the festival includes the "embroidery beauty contest", "culinary night", and a fashion show through the collections "the journey of falling leaves", "glass sunshine", ... all of these programs are performed by XQ artists on the walking street in Dalat city, through Phan Boi Chau, Le Dai Hanh and Nguyen Thi Minh Khai streets. In addition, visitors can participate in street magic shows and the "embroiderer's love night festival".
- Dalat Flower Festival is held every two years, starting from the end of 2005 and has been held twice. The main program of the Festival includes flower exhibition fair, flower seminars, trade tourism fair, professional art performances with the participation of many art troupes nationwide,
... In addition, there are other activities such as flower car performances and many other diverse festival programs, such as: Langbiang mountain climbing competition, love festival, Dalat wine night, ... Some flower artisans from some countries in the world also come to participate in Dalat Flower Festival. These are activities that contribute to attracting tourists.
- The first Tea Culture Festival was held at the end of 2006 in Da Lat city, Bao Loc town and Bao Lam district (after that, it was held every 2 years) and attracted many international and domestic tourists; 50 tea brands from all over the country gathered here and brought visitors a world of Vietnamese tea. The activities within the framework of the Festival gave visitors a strong impression of tea products, a long-standing product of Lam Dong and the discovery of the city's winter.
plateau; thereby promoting the image of Da Lat - Lam Dong tourism to domestic and international friends.
Traditional crafts: Lam Dong is also home to traditional crafts that have high tourism value. Typical are the weaving of brocade from cotton, knitting, sophisticated wood carving, especially embroidery, flower growing, ... which have created hundreds of valuable souvenirs that anyone coming to Lam Dong wants to buy to commemorate a memorable trip.
Valuable architectural works: Da Lat is a highland city, with a resort tourism character since its early days, Da Lat architecture has a unique feature: Da Lat's houses are mainly villas with gardens, built in harmony with the terrain and natural landscape. Da Lat architecture truly has its own characteristics. Currently, the city has more than 2,000 large and small villas, each with its own unique architectural features, creating an architectural style that takes the poetic nature of Da Lat as the backdrop, so it has great appeal to tourists. Da Lat can be considered a unique architectural museum city of Vietnam, a harmonious combination of ideas about style and the talented hands of Da Lat people have created a valuable resource on the highland, a unique tourism product that needs to be upgraded and preserved.
2.1.1.3. Social factors
Since the liberation period, Lam Dong's population has continuously increased at a high rate, especially mechanically, with 252,890 people freely migrating to Lam Dong from 1980 to 2000. The living habits, production level, and intellectual level of ethnic minorities have improved significantly in recent years, but in general, they are still backward and much lower than the general level of the whole province; living standards are low, and the poverty rate is high. Agricultural labor has also continuously increased, currently accounting for about 77% of the social workforce, causing great pressure on expanding agricultural land area. These are the factors affecting the expansion of tourist destinations, the level of labor force serving the tourism industry, and encroachment on forest land, destroying the landscape and tourism environment.
Table 2.1. Population - Labor force of Lam Dong province in the period 2001 - 2007
Category
Unit | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |
1. Average population jar | People | 1,068,304 | 1,095,010 | 1,120,090 | 1,138,650 | 1,160,996 | 1,183,802 | 1,207,087 |
Population growth rate natural number | %/ year | 1.87 | 1.86 | 1.63 | 1.63 | 1.73 | 1.54 | 1.51 |
1.1 City population market | People | 410.122 | 413,361 | 420,030 | 425,213 | 436,070 | 444,791 | 457,875 |
- Ratio compared to total population | % | 38.4 | 37.7 | 37.5 | 37.3 | 37.56 | 37.57 | 37.93 |
1.2 Population countryside | 1000kg | 658,182 | 681,649 | 700,060 | 713,437 | 724,926 | 739.011 | 749,212 |
- Ratio compared to total population | % | 61.6 | 62.3 | 62.5 | 62.7 | 62.44 | 62.43 | 62.07 |
2. Social labor festival | People | 621.309 | 645,898 | 670,738 | 695,609 | 710,625 | 728,391 | 743,928 |
- Ratio compared to total population | % | 58.16 | 58.98 | 59.88 | 61.09 | 61.2 | 61.53 | 61.63 |
- Workers are working in the economic sector | People | 515,661 | 537,259 | 560,585 | 585.107 | 609,663 | 633,263 | 647,546 |
- Ratio compared to social labor | % | 83.0 | 83.2 | 83.6 | 84.1 | 85.8 | 86.9 | 87.04 |
3. Indicators of labor | ||||||||
- Labor rate through training | % | 14.4 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 19.5 | 21.5 | 25.7 | 26.8 |
- Unemployment rate KVTT | % | 4.76 | 5.68 | 4.72 | 4.41 | 4.13 | 4.10 | 4.08 |
- Usage rate TGLĐKVNT | % | 78.78 | 78.33 | 81.86 | 84.56 | 85.25 | 83.00 | 82.9 |
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Source: Statistical Yearbook, Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Lam Dong province
2.1.2. Overview of Lam Dong's socio-economic situation in the period 2001 - 2007
2.1.2.1. Socio-economic development
During the period 2001-2007, Lam Dong's economy continuously developed with an average annual growth rate of 12.4%, higher than the national average, thanks to which the gap in GDP per capita of Lam Dong compared to the national average was increasingly narrowed. The results achieved are shown in the following areas:
Table 2.2. Economic growth and structure in the period 2001 - 2007
TT
Some indicators | Unit | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |
1 | Annual GDP growth (Consolidated price 94) | % | 9.9 | -11.1 | 24.6 | 16.0 | 17.8 | 18.2 | 14.2 |
2 | GDP per capita (TT price) | 1000 VND | 2,930 | 3,350 | 3,890 | 4,830 | 6.110 | 7,880 | 9,646 |
3 | GTSX growth rate (TT price) + Agriculture - forestry - fishery + Industry - Construction + Services | % % " " | 6.3 1.7 8.7 12.1 | 15.8 24.3 5.1 14.2 | 18.2 22.0 12.2 17.9 | 28.0 32.2 25.2 22.8 | 28.4 23.5 41.9 23.8 | 27.4 28.0 28.6 24.9 | 23.7 22.7 23.7 26.1 |
4 | Economic structure (Actual price) + Agriculture - forestry - fishery industry + Industry - Construction + Service industry | % " " | 100 44.6 20.9 34.5 | 100 47.8 18.6 33.6 | 100 49.4 17.5 33.1 | 100 50.9 17.0 32.1 | 100 49.7 19.5 30.8 | 100 50.2 19.5 30.3 | 100 49.9 19.4 30.7 |
Source: Lam Dong Statistical Yearbook
- Gradually mobilize many classes of people and many economic sectors to participate in the production and business process; mobilize many sources of capital, including foreign capital. Thanks to the advances in industry, tourism, services, and agriculture, the life and income of urban and rural areas have improved and increased rapidly, fundamentally solving employment for workers.
- The agricultural sector develops at a rapid pace, especially in the field of high-tech agricultural application, playing a major role in the province's economic growth.
- The industries and services have focused on exploiting the province's strengths, so they have achieved a good growth rate in the period 2001-2007, and will continue to grow according to their advantages and exploitation capabilities.
- The fields of health care, health care, culture and education are constantly developing. The school system is invested by the State to develop in each residential area, including remote areas, ethnic minority areas; health programs are well implemented, in recent years no dangerous epidemics have occurred. People increasingly benefit from public welfare projects such as electricity, roads, schools and stations thanks to the State's investment and the mobilization of resources from the people.
- By the end of 2007, the province had 40,249 poor households, accounting for 15.95%; of which ethnic minority households had 20,260 households, accounting for 42.75%; the province had the lowest number of poor households in the 5 Central Highlands provinces.
2.1.2.2. Infrastructure development
As a poor province, the spontaneous migrant population is constantly increasing every year and there are many new economic zones, with a large area, low population density, fragmented terrain and many quite rugged areas, but with outstanding efforts, up to now Lam Dong has formed a network of technical facilities and infrastructure, although not as expected, but is a very important factor for socio-economic development in the past and in the future.
- Transportation: A road network with a total length of 1,800 km (excluding 2,600 km of rural roads) has been established, with a road density of 0.18 km/km2 and 3.8 km/1,000 people. As of 2007, 145/145 communes had car roads to the commune center, of which 109 communes had car roads to the village.
- Irrigation: 181 irrigation works have been built and upgraded, including 73 reservoirs, 98 dams, 10 pumping stations and over 10,000 small pumps, the total irrigated area by these works is: 6,300 ha of winter-spring rice, 11,400 ha of summer-autumn rice, 4,000 ha of vegetables, 10,000 ha of industrial crops. However, many of these works have degraded, the irrigated area still accounts for a very small proportion compared to the cultivated land area, especially for industrial crop areas.
- School network: By the 2007-2008 school year, a school network had been formed with a total of 615 schools with 7,644 classrooms. Universalization of lower secondary education has been achieved in 132/145 communes, wards and towns and the goal is to complete universalization of lower secondary education in the entire province by the end of 2008.
- Health care network: By the end of 2007, the province had 12 hospitals in all districts, towns and cities (including 3 provincial hospitals), 19 regional clinics (for remote sub-regional centers), 1 nursing home, 1 leprosy treatment area, 2 regional maternity homes, 1 rehabilitation center for disabled children; 100% of communes, wards and towns had health stations and 75% of health stations had doctors. The total number of hospital beds was 2,402, with an average of 21 hospital beds and 4.6 doctors per 10,000 people.
- Electricity grid: 100% of communes, wards and towns have access to the national electricity grid. The average growth rate of electricity consumption is 18-20%/year, with electricity for lighting and daily life alone growing at 20-25% and currently accounting for 50% of total electricity consumption.
- Information and telecommunications network: A telephone network has been established from the province to all communes, mobile phones have covered remote areas, meeting the people's communication needs and serving the needs of socio-economic development, ensuring national defense and security. As of December 2007, the whole province had 728,679 telephones, with an average density of 61.14 telephones/100 people (the whole country had an average density of 55.22 telephones/100 people); there were 16,777 Internet subscribers.
2.1.3. General assessment of natural conditions, resources and socio-economics
2.1.3.1. Advantages
- Favorable for expanding exchanges with the Southeast region, especially with the key economic zone in the South. The strong economic development of this region is one of the good opportunities to promote the advantages of Lam Dong, especially in the fields of tourism, agricultural and forestry processing, mining and mineral processing.
- The climate is favorable for tourism and resort development, scientific research and training. Plants and animals of subtropical and temperate origin grow well in the tropical equatorial climate zone. The demand for irrigation water for crops in the dry season is much lower than in other provinces in the Southeast and Central Highlands, as well as the whole country.
- The land is quite fertile, the degraded area accounts for a very small proportion of the total natural land area of the whole province. The types of land suitable for high-tech agricultural development are generally concentrated in quite large areas, convenient for exploitation and protection.
- Minerals in Lam Dong are quite diverse in types, many of which have industrial exploitation value. Vietnam Minerals Corporation under Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Industries Group held a groundbreaking ceremony for the Bauxite-Aluminum Complex project (phase I) in Bao Lam district, Lam Dong province with a capacity of 600,000 tons of alumina/year, investment capital of 493.5 million USD.
- Forests in Lam Dong are quite diverse in species, have economic value, protect the environment and play an important role in the province's tourism development. They play an important role in protecting the water resources of the Dong Nai river system, a river system with great potential for hydropower and an important role in the socio-economic development of the Southeast region.