Current Land Use Status of Vinh Phuc Province in 2016

Editor: Phan Quoc Chinh

Instructor: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Tran Viet Khanh

Figure 2.3. Soil map of Vinh Phuc province

Table 2.2. Current land use status of Vinh Phuc province in 2016

Soil type

Area (ha)

Structure (%)

Total natural area

123,515

100.0

Agricultural land

1. Agricultural land

2. Forestry land

3. Aquaculture land

4. Other agricultural land

92,823

55,676

32,285

4,480

382

75.15

45.08

26.13

3.63

0.31

Non-agricultural land

1. Residential land

2. Specialized land

3. Religious land

4. Cemetery land

5. Rivers, streams and specialized water surfaces

6. Other non-agricultural land

29,733

7,747

17,248

193

668

3,857

24.07

6.27

13.96

0.16

0.54

3.12

0.02

Unused land

1. Unused flat land

2. Unused hilly land

3. Rocky mountains without trees

959

386

442

132

0.78

0.31

0.36

0.11

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Source: Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Vinh Phuc province [38]

2.1.7. Forests - Flora and fauna resources

Diversity of forest ecosystems, biological communities and species diversity, especially in Tam Dao National Park. As of 2016, Vinh Phuc province has 32,285 hectares of forestry land with a total forest area of 28,040.5 hectares, of which natural forests are 9,355.2 hectares and planted forests are 18,685.3 hectares. With the following forest types [41]:

- Lowland tropical evergreen, humid rainforest: distributed at an altitude of 700 m, occupying the majority of Tam Dao mountain range with multi-layered flora, closed canopy of evergreen broadleaf trees. Many species of trees have economic value such as: Chò chỉ, Giổi, Re, Trường mật.

- Low mountain subtropical humid evergreen closed forest: only found in Tam Dao range, distributed at altitudes of 800 m and above. Plants here include species of the re family, chestnut family, tea family, magnolia family, and sau sau family. From an altitude of 1,000 m and above, some species of gymnosperms appear such as: pine, po mu, bamboo pine, and kim giao.

- Dwarf forest on mountain tops: is a special subtype of evergreen, subtropical humid, medium mountain forests, formed on steep slopes, or high mountain tops with poor soil, lots of sun, wind, and fog. Therefore, the vegetation here is often low, small, and slow growing. The main plants are species of the Rhododendron, Rhizome, Chestnut, and Anise families.

- Bamboo forests: grow interspersed with other types of forests. At altitudes above 800 m, there are species such as: bamboo, sát gai; at altitudes of 500 m - 800 m, there is giang, below 500 m, there is nua.

- Forest recovered after slash-and-burn farming: found in the buffer zone of Tam Dao National Park with plant species such as: dung, men tang, amer, ba soi.

- Planted forests: at an altitude of 200 m - 600 m, distributed in the Northwest of Lap Thach and Song Lo districts. The main plant species are horsetail pine, green lim, eucalyptus, acacia, and pine.

- Secondary grasslands and shrublands after exploitation: shrublands: often appear in areas without forests, dry, with lots of light, typically with thau tau, tho mat, thao ken, ta me rung; Grasslands: formed on exploited forests, heavily degraded land and divided into 2 types: grasslands about 2 m high and growing in clumps such as: sedge, co chit grass, and lao grass; Grasslands under 2 m high, growing in dense or scattered grass mats, typically with cogon grass, bitter grass, and caterpillar grass.

In Vinh Phuc province, Tam Dao district has the largest forest area with more than 12 thousand hectares (accounting for 44.86% of Vinh Phuc's total forest area). In particular, the forest in Tam Dao National Park is a place of high value in conserving animal and plant genetic resources, regulating water resources, climate and serving the development of sightseeing and tourism services.

Table 2.3. Forest area of Vinh Phuc province in the period 2012 - 2016

(Unit: ha)

District/Town	Year
District/Town	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
1	Vinh Yen City	153.3	153.3	163.4	163.3	128.7
2	Phuc Yen Town	4,175.7	4,165.0	4,726.7	4,761.7	4,682.7
3	Lap Thach District	3,930.2	3,862.5	4,298.5	4,301.6	4,589.7
4	Tam Duong District	1,043.2	1,043.2	1,418.9	1,418.9	969.2
5	Tam Dao District	12,358.0	12,335.6	15,142.5	15,334.3	15,079.4
6	Binh Xuyen District	2,852.1	2,852.1	4,107.3	3,972.2	3,697.2
7	Song Lo District	3,654.9	3,628.8	4,107.3	3,972.2	3,697.2
Total		28,167.4	28,040.5	33,743.6	33,928.7	33,278.2

Source: Vinh Phuc Provincial Statistics Office [11]

The flora of Tam Dao National Park is clearly shown in the tropical monsoon forest habitat with a flora of 1,436 species, belonging to 741 genera in 219 families of 6 plant phyla. The flora of Tam Dao is divided into valuable groups such as: 379 species of timber trees, 25 species of fruit trees, 20 species of fiber trees, 311 species of medicinal trees, 32 species of essential oil trees, 30 species of vegetable trees, 102 species of ornamental trees and 5 species of starch trees.

The fauna of Tam Dao National Park is also very rich with about 1,458 species belonging to 223 families of 66 orders, of which 32 are endemic, including: narrow endemic species found only in Tam Dao National Park including 11 species and 8 insect species; Endemic species of Northern Vietnam in Tam Dao National Park: 22 species and subspecies, of which: 9 bird species, 4 reptile species, 3 frog species, 6 insect species; Endemic species of Vietnam in Tam Dao National Park: 6 species, of which 5 bird species, 1 frog species. Of which, 126 species have scientific value in need of conservation, 32 endemic species and 18 species listed in the world red book such as: white-cheeked black langur, chevrotain, Tam Dao toad, white pheasant, and money chicken.

2.2. Socio-economic characteristics

2.2.1. Current status of economic development

In recent years, Vinh Phuc's economy has achieved a high growth rate compared to the national average and the provinces in the Northern Key Economic Zone. This has created

great advantages for tourism development and at the same time creating the ability to enhance the overall competitiveness of Vinh Phuc tourism in the whole country.

In the period 2009 - 2013, Vinh Phuc province had a GDP growth rate of 15.4%/year, of which: agriculture, forestry and fishery 5.7%/year, industry - construction 20%/year and services 19.5%/year. The economic growth rate of the province in 2013 reached 14.8%. In the period 2009 - 2013, Vinh Phuc's economic structure shifted quite rapidly in the direction of: reducing the proportion of agriculture - forestry - fishery from 17.71% to 13.60%, the proportion of industry and construction gradually decreased from 58.34% to 57.30%, the proportion of services gradually increased from 23.95% to 29.10%.

Within the agricultural sector, there is a structural shift towards reducing the proportion of crop cultivation and increasing the proportion of livestock and aquaculture.

Figure 2.4. Chart of GDP proportion by economic sectors of Vinh Phuc in the period 2009 - 2013

Source: Document synthesis [ 10]

The industry and construction sector has developed strongly, especially industry plays a fundamental role, contributing to promoting socio-economic development, shifting the economic structure of the province, creating a new position for Vinh Phuc province's industry compared to the provinces in the Red River Delta and the whole country.

The value of the service sector has tended to increase rapidly in recent years, but the contribution of the service sector to the province's total GDP is still limited.

The socio-economic development goal by 2020 of Vinh Phuc is to become an industrial, service and tourism center of the region and the whole country. The average annual GDP growth rate in the period 2011 - 2020 is 14% - 15%/year. By 2020, the forecasted proportion of services is about 38% (of which tourism is 4%); agriculture - forestry - fishery 3% - 4%; industry and construction 58% - 60% [52].

2.2.2. Population and labor

The population of Vinh Phuc province in 2016 was 1,066,021 people. Density 863 people/km2 . The population size of the province is average, the population is relatively young, the labor force in working age accounts for a fairly high proportion, about 70% of the population.

Table 2.4. Population and labor force of Vinh Phuc province in the period 2010 - 2016

(Unit: person)

Target	Year
Target	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
1	Average population	1,020,597	1,029,412	1,041,936	1,054,492	1,066,021
	By gender: Male Female	504,048 516,549	508,405 521,964	512,384 529,552	518,559 535,933	524,229 541,792
	Classified by urban and rural areas: Urban Rural	238,300 782,297	240,841 788,571	242,921 799,015	245,848 808.644	248,536 817,485
Year		2010	2011	2014	2015	2016
2	Working age population	606,848	608,372	621,189	631,383	629,770
	By gender: Male Female	298,721 308,119	299,475 308,897	300,863 320,326	300,686 330,697	310,248 319,522
	Classified by urban and rural areas: Urban Rural	121,834 485,006	122,142 486,230	126,154 495,035	129,660 501,723	129,092 500,678

Source: Vinh Phuc Provincial Statistics Office [ 10]

In recent years, the natural population growth rate of the province has been quite stable, in 2016 this rate was 11.4‰. In the period 2009 - 2016, Vinh Phuc province had an increasing urban population ratio.

rapidly, from 16.7% to 23.3%, the proportion of workers aged 15 and over in the economy who have received training increased from 14.5% (2010) to 24.1% (2016).

It is forecasted that the population of Vinh Phuc province will have many fluctuations in the coming period, by 2020 the population of the province will be about 1,230,000 people (an increase of 15.4% compared to 2016). The reason for the rapid population increase is due to the implementation of the goal of promoting industrial development, so there will be a mechanical labor force migrating from other provinces to Vinh Phuc [52].

2.2.3. Current status of infrastructure - technical facilities serving tourism

2.2.3.1. Infrastructure

(1) Transportation system

Vinh Phuc has a developed transportation network with 3 main types of transportation: road, railway and waterway. The transportation system is distributed quite reasonably, with high traffic density, ensuring economic exchange and tourism development between localities inside and outside the province.

+ Road traffic

The total length of roads through Vinh Phuc province is 4,058.4 km, with National Highways 2, 2B, 2C and 23 passing through. Of which, National Highway 2 is the external national highway with the provinces of the Northeast region of the North, running from Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang along the length of Vinh Phuc province to Hanoi. The South of National Highway 2 is connected to National Highway 18 connecting Noi Bai International Airport to Cai Lan deep-water port (Quang Ninh), which is very important for the transportation of goods and passengers of Vinh Phuc. The North of National Highway 2 through Thanh Thuy border gate (Ha Giang) to China is very convenient for promoting economic cooperation, cultural exchange and international tourism development. For the provinces of the Northwestern region, through Vinh Phuc province, there is the Noi Bai - Lao Cai expressway with a length of 245 km passing through 5 provinces and cities (Hanoi, Vinh Phuc, Phu Tho, Yen Bai, Lao Cai) and with China. The traffic axis opens up opportunities for socio-economic development, promoting tourism development in Vinh Phuc.

By 2030, Vinh Phuc aims to complete the construction of Ring Road 5; build a tunnel from National Highway 2B through Tam Dao to Thai Nguyen province (about 3 km long and a 5 km connecting road). The provincial road system continues to be upgraded and newly built.

some routes, including opening routes to serve tourism development in Vinh Phuc and neighboring areas; Building some new bridges such as: the bridge across the Red River connecting to National Highway 32, Duc Bac bridge across the Lo River to Phu Tho province [53].

+ Railway traffic

Currently, Vinh Phuc has the Hanoi - Lao Cai railway running through it, which is a great advantage for long-distance passenger and cargo transportation. The section running through Vinh Phuc is 35 km long with 5 stations including: Phuc Yen station (Phuc Yen), Huong Canh station (Binh Xuyen), Vinh Yen station (Vinh Yen), Huong Lai station and Bach Hac station (Vinh Tuong). This is a railway line connecting the capital Hanoi through Vinh Phuc to the midland and mountainous provinces in the North and with Yunnan (China). However, the efficiency of this route is not high due to the weak railway transport capacity, not creating conditions for socio-economic activities and tourism development on the entire route, including Vinh Phuc.

In the future, the railway system will be upgraded to meet national railway standards level I, speed 120 km/h; New construction of Lao Cai high-speed railway line

- Hanoi, 1,435 mm gauge, design speed 200 km/h, double track, using electric traction will be put into operation from 2015 - 2020 [53].

+ Water transport

The two main level II rivers managed by the central government are the Red River (30 km) and the Lo River (34 km). These two rivers are only navigable for vessels with a capacity of no more than 300 tons. The two local rivers are the Ca Lo River (27 km) and the Pho Day River (32 km), which are only navigable during the rainy season, serving vessels with a capacity of no more than 50 tons. Vinh Phuc currently has two ports: Vinh Thinh on the Red River and Nhu Thuy port on the Lo River.

(2) Power supply system

Vinh Phuc has a synchronously planned and invested power transmission and distribution system, ensuring sufficient supply for consumption, tourism, services and development of the province's industrial parks.

Currently, in the province, the transmission grid has 220 KV and 110 KV lines operating well. There are 3 110 KV transformer stations with a total capacity of 231 MVA, the central grid

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