Hoang Thanh Phuc (2009), "Research on Current Status and Solutions for Developing Scattered Forestry Planting in Thai Nguyen Province", Master's Thesis,

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Content

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1

Technique

plant

1.1

Season

Spring crop: Sowing 10/12 - 1/1; transplanting: 20/1 - 1/3.

Crop season: Sowing 15-25/6; transplanting: 15/7-25/7

1.2

Prepare seeds and sow seedlings

+ Healthy seeds must meet the following requirements:

Seeds must be dry, clean, firm, pure, true to variety, uniform in size, free from other seeds, free from weed seeds and impurities, free from broken seeds and deformed.

Seeds are not damaged by insects (worms) and do not carry dangerous pathogens.

High germination rate, reaching 85% or more.

+ Sowing:

The rice fields must be kept moist, the soil must be carefully prepared, leveled, and then raised into beds, and the germinated seeds must be sown.

up the bed

2

Soil preparation techniques

Rice fields need to be plowed early, and the fields must be kept moist. Fallen fields must be dried thoroughly and turned over between plowings. Fallen fields help to aerate the soil and kill some pests in the soil.

Rice cultivation requires deep plowing and careful harrowing to soften the soil. The field surface must be flat to facilitate even planting and water regulation.

Deep plowing creates conditions for rice roots to develop well, increases nutrient reserves, and is beneficial for the activities of microorganisms in the root zone to decompose organic matter that is difficult to decompose, enhancing nutrition for rice.

The soil must be clean before planting.

straw, weeds and soil must be soft…

3

Rice care techniques

Weeding: When the rice plants take root and turn green, start weeding combined with mud stirring and top dressing. Weeding and mud stirring 12 times; has the effect of killing

weeds, bury manure to avoid nitrogen loss, add oxygen

for roots, break old roots and stimulate new roots. Finish weeding and stirring mud before the rice enters the panicle formation period.

Algae removal: Rice fields with a lot of algae should be removed by draining the water for 56 days combined with applying lime powder (510 kg/ha), or spraying 510% CuSO4 on sunny days 12 times, each time 23 days apart.

Top dressing:

Top dressing for tillering: when the rice takes root and turns green, combine with the first weeding, apply 50-60% of nitrogen.

+ Fertilizing before panicle emergence: 30-35 days before panicle emergence, has the effect of promoting spike and flower differentiation to achieve high number of grains/flower.

+ Fertilizing for panicle growth: Apply 12-15 days before flowering. Fertilizing for panicle growth increases the percentage of solid grains and grain weight.

To increase the effectiveness of top dressing, you should apply it deeply in combination with weeding and stirring the mud, keep water moderately, do not apply it in bad weather, and use synthetic fertilizer pellets to concentrate on the roots to increase the effectiveness of the fertilizer.

Water retention: Depending on specific conditions, the following common water regime can be ensured: maintain water level < 5 cm in the period after transplanting to the effective tillering period, > 20 cm in the late tillering period to limit ineffective tillering. If the rice is good and growing strongly, the water should be drained and the field dried, limiting nutrition also has the effect of reducing ineffective tillering. Maintain 5-10 cm of water in the period from panicle initiation to milk maturity. After the milk maturity period, the water can be drained, the rice will continue to be firm, favorable for harvesting.

+ Pest control: Regularly check fields, detect and control pests

timely.

4

Harvest and storage

+ Manual harvesting: sickles of all kinds

+ Threshing and rice threshing: use a continuous threshing machine. The place where the rice is threshed must be lined with tarpaulin, or

directly on the drying yard, but must be clean of trash and grit

and not to be mixed with other breeds.

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1

Select land

Corn can be grown on many different types of soil such as sandy soil, light mechanical soil, alluvial soil deposited annually, red soil, poor soil...

But most suitable for alluvial soil that is deposited annually. Corn should not be grown in heavily acidic soil or in very dry areas.

or flooded area.

2

Planting season

Corn can be grown year round, in the dry and rainy seasons.

Depending on the growth time and resistance of the variety as well as the plant structure.

different plants that are arranged appropriately for each region.

3

Land preparation

Because the corn root system grows extensively and deeply, often with many tap roots, the soil needs to be plowed to a depth of 15-20 cm, and plowed again to loosen the soil. Hoe the soil into small furrows of

about 710 cm deep

4

Planting density

Seed quantity needed is 1820 kg/ha depending on the variety. When sowing corn:

+ Seeds are spaced 15-20 cm apart.

+ Rows planted 40-45cm.

5

Fertilizer

Amount of fertilizer for 1 hectare (10,000 m2).

Urea: 300 kg, NPK: 150200 kg, KCl: 100150

kg.

How to fertilize:

+ Basal fertilization: Apply all NPK fertilizer. Can add manure (if available), after fertilizing, proceed to sow seeds, then cover with soil.

+ First top dressing: About 25-30 days after sowing, apply the remaining ½ KCl and 150 Urea. Combine weeding, hoeing, and hilling. Apply fertilizer on both sides of the row so that the plant can absorb easily and the root system can develop proportionally.

+ Second top dressing: About 45-50 days after sowing, apply 150 kg of Urea. Dig holes in the middle.

two rows plowed 1015 cm deep to put fertilizer in there,

combined with weeding and hilling.

6

Watering

Water the entire field evenly one day after sowing to provide enough moisture for germination. Rotate watering to ensure that throughout the plant's life cycle, soil moisture is always higher than the wilting point and lower than the water level in the field or yard because corn needs a lot of water but cannot tolerate waterlogging.

Depending on soil and weather conditions, provide appropriate water.

Corn can be flooded but must be drained immediately afterwards to ensure adequate

soil moisture

7

Weeding and care

Spray herbicide evenly on the field surface at a dose of 11.2 liters/ha two days after sowing when the soil is still moist. Combine with weeding and hilling at 15 and 30 days after sowing.

After 5 days of sowing, check the field to replant areas that do not grow to ensure enough plants and productivity.

When the corn has about 3 leaves, check.

thin out bushes that are too thick

8

Pest control

+ Depth:

In each different period there are different types of pests, including some harmful pests that affect the development process of plants.

Corn plant: Stem borer, omnivorous worm... Use

9

Harvest

When the corn husks are dry and the kernels are hard, stretch the kernels and if there is a black layer at the base of the kernels,

is corn has come to harvest time