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Concept of Tourism Products(Spdl)


+ Have synchronous infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism, capable of serving at least one million tourists per year, including accommodation facilities and necessary tourism services suitable to the characteristics of the tourist area.


1.1.4. Concept of tourism resources

1.1.4.1. Definition

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Tourism resources are considered the premise for tourism development. The more abundant and unique the tourism resources are, the more attractive they are to tourists.

According to Vietnam's tourism law: "Tourism resources are natural landscapes, natural elements, historical - cultural relics, creative human labor works and other human values ​​that can be used to meet tourism needs, and are the basic factors for forming tourist areas, tourist spots, tourist routes and tourist cities".

Concept of Tourism Products(Spdl)

1.1.4.2. Classification of tourism resources

Tourism resources can be divided into 2 groups:

Natural tourism resources: are objects and phenomena in the natural environment around us that are used to serve tourism purposes. Natural components as tourism resources that have the strongest impact on this activity are terrain, climate, water, flora and fauna.

Terrain:

Terrain is an important factor contributing to the landscape and the diversity of the landscape there. For tourism, the more diverse and special the external signs of the terrain are, the more attractive it is to tourists.

The main morphological units of terrain are mountains, hills, and plains, which are distinguished by the difference in elevation of the terrain.

Climate:

Climate is also considered a form of tourism resource. Among the climatic indicators, the two most notable are temperature and humidity. But other factors must also be taken into account such as atmospheric pressure, wind, sunlight, and special weather phenomena. Each type of tourism often requires


different climatic conditions. Thus, to some extent, attention must be paid to special weather phenomena that interfere with travel plans. The seasonality of climate strongly influences the seasonality of tourism. The strong dependence on climate on tourism can be all year round or for a few months.

The year-round tourist season is suitable for mineral spring tourism, mountain tourism, etc.

Winter is mountain tourism, sports tourism, winter vacation.

Summer is an important tourist season because it can develop many types of tourism such as sea tourism, mountain and plain tourism, the ability to travel outdoors is very rich and diverse.

Water source:

Includes surface water and underground water. It is very important for tourism. It includes oceans, rivers, fountains and waterfalls…

Surface water resources not only have direct restorative functions but also affect many other components of the living environment, especially it moderates the coastal climate.

Groundwater is generally of less value for tourism. However, it is necessary to mention mineral water resources. This is a resource of value for convalescence and healing.

Creature:

Traveling to places with beautiful scenery and fresh nature is the best way to relax. Nowadays, living in a developed environment with favorable conditions created by humans, at the same time the environment is increasingly polluted, changing unfavorably to human life. Regarding biological resources, forests are not only of great significance in terms of ecology and economy but also of great significance in terms of tourism. Of course, not all animal and plant resources are objects participating in tourism services.

In terms of tourism resources, attention should be paid to nature reserves. Our country has established 105 nature reserves, 27 national parks, 44 nature reserves, 34 cultural and historical forests...


Human tourism resources: are objects and phenomena created by humans throughout history and have value in serving tourism needs. This group of resources has more cognitive value than entertainment value, is less dependent on natural conditions, is often concentrated in residential areas and attracts visitors with higher cultural and cognitive levels.

In general, human tourism resources have basic characteristics such as:

Popularity

Centralized and easy to access

More about conveying awareness than enjoyment and entertainment. Types of humanistic tourism resources include:

- World cultural heritages and historical - cultural relics:

World cultural heritages and historical-cultural relics are considered the most important human tourism resources. They are the resources for developing and expanding tourism activities. Over the ages, world cultural heritages and historical-cultural relics have demonstrated great creations in human culture, religion and society.

- Festival:

Festivals are a form of collective cultural activities after a period of hard work. Festivals have created a new, magical environment that helps participants have the opportunity to come into contact with mysteries that are both dreamy and real. Festivals attract a large number of participants and become a need in the spiritual life of the people and an attractive tourism resource for visitors.

Festivals usually consist of two parts: the ritual and the festival: The ritual is the opening part of the festival with solemn and dignified rituals. The festival part features typical activities, representing the psychology and culture of the community, containing the concepts of a nation about historical reality, society and nature.

- DL objects associated with ethnology:

Each ethnic group has its own living conditions, cultural characteristics, customs and practices.


Customs and production activities have their own characteristics of the ethnic groups in their residential areas.

Each nation in the world has its own customs of residence, social organization, activities, costumes and cuisine, music and dance... All of these conditions have created a unique culture, which has great appeal to tourists.

- Traditional craft villages:

Traditional handicrafts are also an important humanistic tourism resource and have great appeal to tourists. Traditional handicrafts with unique products not only demonstrate the ingenuity of the working people but also express philosophical thinking and human emotions. These are the unique characteristics of culture and the appeal of traditional craft villages to tourists.

- Other cultural, sports and cognitive activities:

Cultural objects such as science centers, universities, libraries, museums, etc. all have the power to attract tourists to visit and research.

- In addition, event-based activities such as major sports tournaments, exhibitions of national economic achievements, fairs, international film festivals, typical festivals, etc. are also objects that attract tourists.

1.1.5. Some types of tourism

* Spiritual tourism

Concept of spiritual tourism: Spiritual tourism in the world in general and in Vietnam in particular has different concepts and up to now there is no common concept. However, in terms of content and nature of activities, spiritual tourism is essentially a type of cultural tourism, taking spiritual cultural factors as both the basis and the goal to satisfy people's spiritual needs in spiritual life. According to that perspective, spiritual tourism exploits spiritual cultural factors in the process of tourism activities, based on tangible and intangible cultural values ​​associated with the history of human perception of the world, values ​​of faith, religion, beliefs and values.


other special spirit. Accordingly, spiritual tourism brings sacred emotions and experiences about the human spirit while traveling.

Characteristics of spiritual tourism in Vietnam:

- Spiritual tourism is associated with religion and faith, in which Buddhism has the largest number (accounting for 90%) coexisting with other religions such as Catholicism, Cao Dai, Hoa Hao...

- Spiritual tourism associated with worship and gratitude to national heroes, predecessors who have contributed to the country and nation becomes tourism about the national origin with the morality of drinking water and remembering its source.

- Spiritual tourism is associated with ancestor worship, clan worship, and gratitude towards parents.

- Spiritual tourism is associated with mental sports activities such as meditation and yoga, aiming at balance, elegance, and liberation in spiritual life, which is unique and typical in Vietnam and nowhere else, that is the Truc Lam Yen Tu Zen sect.

- In addition, spiritual tourism in Vietnam also has activities associated with sacred elements and mysteries.

* Ecotourism

- Definition of ecotourism in Vietnam: "Ecotourism is a type of tourism based on nature and indigenous culture, associated with environmental education, contributing to conservation efforts and sustainable development, with the active participation of local communities"

- The nature of ecological tourism:

+ It is a form of enlightened natural tourism, contributing to the conservation of ecosystems while still respecting the integration of local communities.

+ As a special field of tourism in general, it is characterized by the fact that through trips, tourists are exposed to nature through visual means.

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simple or systematic studies.

* Cultural tourism


- It is a type of tourism in which tourists want to feel the cultural depth of a country or region through historical and cultural relics, customs, and festivals that are still present.

- Cultural tourism is also understood as:

+ Is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth related to DL.

+ Is the result of mutual interaction between tourism subjects (tourists), tourism objects (tourism resources) and tourism brokers (tourism industry).

+ A type of cultural form of DL life.

+ A specific type of cultural form, taking the intrinsic value culture of common culture as a basis, taking tourism elements as accumulated and created tourism work in tourism activities.

* Research and study tourism

- Research and study tourism is a type of tourism that combines study and research to meet the needs of practical understanding of geography, geology, history, archaeology, environment, biology, science, tourism... for tourists.

- Basic features:

+ Tourists: mainly scientists, students who want to learn about reality and serve scientific research.

+ Infrastructure: Service providers often build outdoor classrooms designed to suit each learning content. Tourist destinations have full equipment and tools for learning, observing, analyzing, researching...

+ Length of stay: depending on the subject, purpose of research and study, the length of stay can be short or long. Most students participating in tourism often stay for a short time to learn about reality, write subject reports... Scientists often have a long stay to do scientific research.

- Tour guides: most tour guides are teachers in charge of their subject, experts or local people, tour guides have extensive knowledge about the tourist destination.


- Tourist destinations: usually national parks, nature reserves, biosphere reserves, oceanographic institutes, historical sites, museums, architectural works, entertainment areas...

* MICE Tourism

- MICE is an acronym for the first letters of the English words: Meeting, Incentive, Convention/ Conference and Exhibition/ Event. Thus, MICE tour is a combination of Meeting tour, Incentive tour, Convention tour and Exhibiton tour, or in other words, MICE tour is a type of tourism that combines conferences, meetings, incentives, exhibitions, and events operated by companies, tourism businesses with reputation, prestige and high professional capacity as well as by economic, social and political organizations with functions and authority.

- The characteristic of MICE tourism is a type of tourism that combines one or more conferences, seminars, meetings, awards, exhibitions, and prominent events in a certain region or country. Like other types of tourism, MICE tourism has its own characteristics.

* Package tour

- Package tourism is a type of tourism in which tourists want to participate in a tour with a certain amount of money, which includes all types of services that the travel company cooperates with different business units to provide to tourists such as accommodation, transportation, food, tour guide, insurance, sightseeing... during the entire trip.

- Basic features:

+ Includes most of the pre-arranged transportation, accommodation, food, sightseeing, entertainment, guide and other services to the maximum extent possible.

+ Package price of all services, cost is often lower than the same service of other tourism programs. Price is calculated per guest in double room, price according to tourism season.


+ Customers who purchase the program are organized into groups and a professional tour guide selected by the travel agency accompanies the customers and serves them from the time they pick them up until they see them off.

1.1.6. Tourism products

1.1.6.1 Concept of tourism products (SPDL)

To study the issue of diversifying tourism products, we first need to clarify the concept. Tourism products are the sum of visible or invisible factors that satisfy the needs of tourists in tourism activities. Natural resources (beaches, mountains, forests, rivers, climate, natural spaces, etc.) as well as facilities (hotels, restaurants, entertainment areas, etc.) are not tourism products themselves, but they become tourism products when those products are used to serve the needs of tourists. Normally, people distinguish three levels in the concept of a tourism product:

- Main product: Main product answers the question of what tourists really want, the main product is not determined by the main components of the product but is based on the main needs of tourists to satisfy or the benefits of this product that are different from other competitive products.

- Formal product: Formal product corresponds to the product as it is present at the time of purchase or selection. It is the core product materialized by clear elements or services such as hotels, restaurants, equipment. It is no longer a product in concept but a finished product that is commercialized and consumed by tourists. For example, if the core product is a golf course, the formal product is the entire hotel and commercial services for golfing as well as the technical characteristics related to golfing.

- Extended SPDL: Extended SPDL is all the related elements

to tourists, is the totality of visible and invisible elements provided to tourists. Extended SPDL is the image or characteristics of the product that tourists feel. That image includes physical elements such as architecture, landscape, color... and psychological elements such as atmosphere, lifestyle, luxury, social class...

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