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Comparison of economic and technical efficiency of snakehead fish farming model in earthen ponds and cage farming model in Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province - 1

TAY DO UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF APPLIED BIOLOGY

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GRADUATION THESIS IN AQUACULTURE

CODE: D620301


COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SNAKEHEAD FISH FARMING MODEL IN

EARTH PONDS AND CYLINDER FARMING MODEL IN HONG NGU DISTRICT, DONG THAP PROVINCE


Instructor: Student implementation

MSc. Pham Thi My Xuan Phan Thi Thuy Huynh Student ID: 13D620301009 CLASS: NTTS8

CONFIRMATION OF GUIDE OFFICER

Thesis: "Comparison of economic and technical efficiency of snakehead fish farming model in earthen ponds and cage farming model in Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province"

Student: Phan Thi Thuy Huynh Class: Aquaculture K8

The thesis has been completed according to the comments of the supervisor.


Can Tho, date month year 2017

Staff guide students to perform


MSc. Pham Thi My Xuan Phan Thi Thuy Huynh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to sincerely thank my parents and family for their care, support and encouragement throughout my studies.

I would like to express my deep gratitude to Ms. Pham Thi My Xuan for her dedicated guidance and help to complete my graduation thesis successfully.

I would like to express my deep gratitude to the teachers of the Faculty of Applied Biology, Tay Do University, who have devotedly taught me and imparted valuable knowledge throughout my studies.

I would like to express my deep gratitude to the teachers and librarians of the Faculty of Applied Biology, Tay Do University, who helped me with valuable resources to complete my thesis successfully.

Thanks a lot!

COMMITMENT TO RESULTS


I hereby certify that this thesis is completed based on my own research results and the results of this research have not been used for any other thesis of the same level.

Can Tho, date month year 2017

Sign


PHAN THI THUY HUYNH

SUMMARY

The topic "Comparison of economic and technical efficiency of snakehead fish farming model in earthen ponds and cage farming model in Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province" was carried out from January 2017 to June 2017. The topic was carried out by directly interviewing 60 households raising snakehead fish in earthen ponds and cages in Hong Ngu district, specifically 3 communes Long Thuan, Phu Thuan A, Phu Thuan B. The collected information includes: general information, technical information, economic efficiency and advantages and disadvantages of snakehead fish farming model. The results show that the farming scale of households in Hong Ngu district is mainly small and medium scale. The water source for farming models is mainly taken directly from the main river. The average stocking density of snakehead fish farming model in earthen ponds is 54 ±

17.38 fish/m2 is lower than the snakehead fish farming model in cages which is 96 ± 28.82 fish/m2 , fish

When harvested, snakehead fish have an average size of 0.8 kg/fish, the average price of fish is about 33,000 VND/kg. Some common diseases in the process of raising snakehead fish of the surveyed households are hemorrhagic disease, ulcer disease and liver and kidney disease, these diseases often cause great damage to the productivity as well as the profit of the households. The farming time of the snakehead fish farming model in earthen ponds is on average 6.5 ± 0.97 months, longer than the snakehead fish farming model in cages 6.13 ± 0.73, households mainly raise 2 crops/year. The profit from raising snakehead fish is also relatively high. The number of households making a profit accounts for a relatively high proportion in the cage model, accounting for 100%, and the earthen pond model accounts for 93.33%. However, in the farming process, there are many difficulties in terms of environment, investment capital, diseases, etc.

Keywords: Hong Ngu, snakehead fish, earthen pond, cage.

INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

COMMITMENT TO RESULTS ii

SUMMARY iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES viii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix

CHAPTER 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Research objectives 1

1.3 Research content 2

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

2.1 Biological characteristics of snakehead fish in general 3

2.1.1 Classification system 3

2.1.2 Morphological characteristics 3

2.1.3 Distribution characteristics and adaptation 4

2.1.4 Nutritional characteristics 4

2.1.5 Growth characteristics 5

2.1.6 Reproductive characteristics 5

2.2 Overview of snakehead fish farming in the Mekong Delta 5

2.2.1 Some forms of snakehead fish farming in the Mekong Delta 6

2.2.1.1 Raising in earthen ponds 6

2.2.1.2 Raising snakehead fish in cages (net nets) 6

2.2.1.3 Raising snakehead fish in rice fields 7

2.2.1.4 Raising snakehead fish in the forest 7

2.2.1.5 Raising snakehead fish in cages 8

2.3 Overview of Dong Thap province 8

2.3.1 Geographical location 8

2.3.2 Terrain features 8

2.3.3 Land 8

2.3.4 Rivers 9

2.3.5 Climate 9

2.3.6 Population 9

2.3.7 Economics 9

2.3.8 Culture - society 9

2.4 Overview of Hong Ngu district 10

2.4.1 Geographical location 10

2.4.2 Natural conditions 10

2.4.3 Socio-economic conditions 10

2.4.4 Terrain 10

2.4.5 Climate 11

2.4.6 Hydrology 11

2.5 Aquaculture situation in Dong Thap province 11

2.6 Snakehead fish farming situation in Hong Ngu district 12

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODS 13

3.1 Time and place of research 13

3.1.1 Time 13

3.1.2 Research site 13

3.2 Research methods 13

3.2.1 Research materials 13

3.2.2 Research subjects 13

3.2.3 Data collection method 14

3.2.3.1 Secondary data 14

3.2.3.2 Primary data 14

3.2.4 Data analysis method 15

3.2.5 Data processing method 15

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 16

4.1 Current status of snakehead fish farming in Hong Ngu district 16

4.2 General information 16

4.2.1 Age 16

4.2.2 Sources of access to NTTS information and years of experience in snakehead fish farming 18

4.2.3 Cultural level of snakehead fish farming households 20

4.3 Technical aspects of snakehead fish farming model 21

4.3.1 Total farming area 21

4.3.2 Pond preparation and improvement 22

4.3.3 Season and stocking time 23

4.3.4 Breeding 24

4.3.5 Care and management 26

4.3.6 Disease prevention and treatment 30

4.3.7 Harvest 31

4.4 Economic aspects of snakehead fish farming model 33

4.4.1 Expenses in snakehead fish farming model 33

4.4.2 Economic efficiency of snakehead fish farming model 35

4.5 Factors in the farming model affecting farming productivity 36

4.5.1 Effect of stocking density on harvest yield 36

4.5.2 Effect of feed intake on yield 38

4.5.3 Effect of rearing time on harvest yield 40

4.6 Advantages, difficulties and solutions 42

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 44

5.1 Conclusion 44

5.2 Proposal 44

REFERENCES 45

APPENDIX A x

APPENDIX B xvi

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