Wastewater Analysis Parameters

Given the values brought by flower villages, developing flower villages in a new direction, towards eco-tourism, is very necessary.[2]

Ecotourism (DLST) is a type of tourism based on existing traditional forms, but with integration into the natural environment with indigenous culture, tourists have more awareness of the characteristics of the natural environment, of the inherent characteristics of the culture of each point, each region, tourist area and have a part of self-responsibility to avoid losses, harm to the natural environment and local culture. As for the scale of ecotourism, it depends on the capacity, conditions, and organizational measures of tourism managers, it can gradually grow from a modest scale to widespread development.

Currently, ecotourism is playing an important role in many nature conservation and landscape development projects, the goals of ecotourism are related to nature reserves. In recent years, ecotourism has been developing rapidly in many countries around the world and is increasingly attracting the attention of all social classes, especially those who have the need to visit, travel and relax. In addition to the meaning of contributing to nature conservation, protecting biodiversity and community culture; the development of ecotourism has brought and is bringing great economic benefits, creating opportunities to increase jobs and increase income for the country as well as local communities, especially people in remote areas - where there are nature reserves and attractive landscapes. In addition, ecotourism also contributes to improving people's knowledge and community health through environmental education, cultural history and recreation activities. Therefore, in many countries around the world and in the region, besides economic benefits, ecotourism is also considered an effective solution to protect the ecological environment through the process of reducing the pressure of exploiting natural resources to serve the needs of tourists and local people when participating in tourism activities.

2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

- General objective: propose a model to preserve and develop ornamental flower and tree craft villages in Ho Chi Minh City in the direction of eco-tourism associated with environmental protection.

- Specific objectives:

+ Assess the current status, forecast emissions and development potential of the city's ornamental flower and tree craft village.

+ Propose criteria to define "eco-craft villages combined with tourism and local culture".

+ Apply the proposed criteria set to evaluate a typical case: Thu Duc ornamental flower craft village

+ Propose solutions and models for developing Thu Duc ornamental flower growing village in the direction of eco-tourism associated with environmental protection.

3. RESEARCH OBJECTS

- Research subjects: production and business households in ornamental flower craft villages in Ho Chi Minh City (Thu Duc ornamental flower craft village, Thu Duc district; Xuan - An - Loc ornamental flower craft village, district 12)

- Spatial scope: wards focusing on growing ornamental flowers in Thu Duc district (Hiep Binh Chanh, Hiep Binh Phuoc, Tam Binh, Linh Dong wards) and district 12 (Thanh Loc, Thanh Xuan, An Phu Dong wards)

- Time range: Current data on active production and business households updated to 2016.

4. RESEARCH CONTENT

- Overview of research problem

- Assess the current status of distribution and development of craft villages in rural areas of Ho Chi Minh City

- Assessing the current status and forecasting emissions from activities of ornamental flower growing villages in Ho Chi Minh City

- Proposing criteria to identify "Ecotourism craft village combined with environmental protection".

- Apply the proposed criteria to evaluate a typical case: Thu Duc ornamental flower craft village

- Proposing solutions towards development according to the eco-tourism model associated with environmental protection for Thu Duc ornamental flower craft village

5. RESEARCH METHODS

a. Field survey method

The field survey method combines the use of questionnaires, filming, photography, and on-site interviews with the main research subjects (households in craft villages, relevant local authorities, experts and managers, etc.) to collect and process data on handicraft production activities in craft villages, current pollution status, current environmental protection status, current opinions of the community, officials, workers, etc. in the research subjects' areas and other relevant people in local departments and agencies.

Specifically, the project will conduct survey forms, conduct surveys, conduct statistics and evaluate the current situation at production facilities in the flower and ornamental craft villages in Thu Duc district and district 12. Conduct a planned survey at 30 production facilities in the craft village to understand the production situation and environmental status as a basis for proposing content and solutions for implementation. To implement this content, survey forms will be developed (organizing surveys to collect opinions from companies, businesses or production facilities in the craft village). Based on the scale and distribution of households in the craft village, each ward will select a representative household with 01 small scale.

>1,000m 2 , 02 medium-sized >2,000m 2 (because medium-sized households account for the majority) and 01

large scale <2,000m2 and 01 household growing orchids/ornamental plants (because these households only account for 5% of the total number of households). The planting and care process of apricot growing households is relatively similar, mainly different in production area. Therefore, 5 representative households/ward will be selected for survey.

+ Conducted a survey in 4 wards Linh Dong, Tam Phu, Hiep Binh Chanh, Hiep Binh Phuoc of the flower and ornamental craft village of Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, with 20 representative samples divided equally across 4 wards.

+ Conduct a survey in 3 wards Thanh Xuan, Thanh Loc, An Phu Dong of the flower and ornamental craft village Xuan - An - Loc, District 12, with 15 representative samples divided equally across 3 wards.

Conduct surveys to collect information using a number of methods such as: field investigation method by creating questionnaires and directly interviewing ornamental flower growers, method of measuring and taking samples at the scene and analyzing in the laboratory.

b. Data inheritance method

Selectively inherit existing research results related to the topic such as:

- Refer to and inherit existing research results domestically and internationally related to ecotourism in craft villages, and studies related to pollution reduction in craft villages.

- General overview of natural, economic, social conditions, production and business situation... in flower and ornamental craft villages in District 12 and Thu Duc District. This information and data are compiled and collected through specialized reports of functional agencies and from related websites.

c. Method of water sampling and analysis

- Take samples to assess the current status of water quality in the flower and ornamental craft villages of District 12 and Thu Duc District, with the following indicators to be analyzed: TSS, COD, total N, total P, ...

- For the method of measuring, taking samples at the scene and analyzing in the laboratory: taking untreated well water samples, and soil samples from households growing apricot, orchids, and representative ornamental plants. Measuring and taking samples at the scene and analyzing in the laboratory are carried out according to standardized requirements. The results of this method help assess the current status of soil quality, groundwater quality, etc. of the ornamental flower production site.

- Water samples will be analyzed for 4 parameters. Soil samples will be analyzed for 2 parameters. All analytical experiments are conducted at the laboratory of the Institute of Natural Resources and Environment of Ho Chi Minh City. The parameters are analyzed according to standard methods and are described in tables 0-1 and 0-2:

Table 0-1. Wastewater analysis parameters

Analysis indicators	Unit	Test method
1	COD	mg/L	SMEWW 5220 C : 2012
2	TSS	mg/L	SMEWW 2540D : 2012
3	Total N	mg/L	TCVN 6638 : 2000
4	Total P	mg/L	SMEWW 4500-PB&D:2012

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Table 0-2. Soil sample analysis parameters

Analysis indicators	Unit	Test method
1	Total N	%	TCVN 6498 : 1999
2	Total P	%	TCVN 4052 : 1985

d. Statistical methods and data processing

Statistics and data processing after analysis and collection to effectively exploit actual data, in order to draw scientific and objective comments and conclusions on issues that need to be researched.

The information is processed by quantitative analysis with Excel software tools and qualitative analysis with methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison... to draw comments and conclusions for the research problem.

e.Comparison method

In order to compare and contrast the collected data and information to come up with appropriate criteria to determine "eco-craft villages combined with tourism and local culture".

f. Multi-criteria analysis method : this method allows researchers to quantify indicators and evaluate and rank the investigated problem.

Provide criteria, consider each assessment criterion, identify the eco-craft village and give a score or ranking including a number of levels ranked from low to high, from “poor” to “excellent” or some similar arrangement.

Each characteristic that needs to be evaluated will have a suitable scale. The characteristics that need to be evaluated about craft villages include 4 groups of criteria: environmental criteria, economic criteria, technical criteria, and social criteria.

6. SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TOPIC

Scientific idea of the topic

Initial assessment of the current situation and forecast of emissions in production activities in the flower and ornamental plant growing villages of District 12 and Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City. From there, identify the current situation of the problem and propose timely solutions.

The research results of the topic are a scientific basis contributing to the application of research and development of solutions and models to maintain and develop ornamental flower craft villages in Ho Chi Minh City in particular and the whole country in general in the direction of eco-tourism.

Practical significance of the topic

The topic is meaningful in clearly defining the criteria of “ecotourism craft villages combined with environmental protection”. From there, there is a basis for building appropriate projects and plans to develop craft villages associated with ecotourism, contributing to environmental protection in craft villages towards the goal of sustainable development.

The results of the project are reference documents serving the People's Committee of District 12, Thu Duc District People's Committee and wards in orienting the work of controlling and managing the environmental quality of craft villages.

Models and solutions can be applied and implemented in some craft villages with similar conditions.

CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

1.1 BASIC CONCEPTS

1.1.1 Concept of traditional craft villages

1.1.1.1 Concept of craft village

Since ancient times, due to the characteristics of agricultural production requiring a lot of labor, ancient Vietnamese people lived together in densely populated areas, gradually forming villages. In each village, there were residents who produced handicrafts, which gradually spread to the whole village and commune, creating craft villages and passing the craft from generation to generation.

According to Dr. Pham Con Son in the book “Traditional Craft Villages of Vietnam ”, craft villages are defined as follows: “A craft village is an ancient administrative unit that also means a place with a large population, organized activities, and separate customs and practices in a broad sense. A craft village is not only a village that specializes in a profession, but also implies that people of the same profession live together to develop jobs. The solid foundation of craft villages is both collective business, economic development, and preservation of national identity and local characteristics”[1].

1.1.1.2 Concept of traditional craft villages

Currently there is still no unified concept of traditional craft villages, but we can understand traditional craft villages as traditional villages that make traditional handicrafts.

Traditional craft villages are centers of handicraft production, where artisans and many households specializing in traditional crafts, passed down through generations, have links to support production, sell products in the style of guilds, small and medium enterprises, even retail, they have the same craft group, members are always conscious of following the village conventions, regimes, clans, and craft guilds in the historical development process that formed the profession right in the residential unit of their hamlet.

Traditional craft villages often have the majority or a large number of residents working in traditional occupations, even 100% of residents working in handicrafts or a few

A family that has been in the profession for a long time, passed down from father to son. Their products are not only highly applicable but also unique, impressive, and sophisticated.

Nowadays, in the process of socio-economic development, craft villages have truly become small-scale industrial economic units, playing a very positive role and effect on socio-economic life.[4]

Criteria for recognition of traditional occupations, craft villages, and traditional craft villages are stipulated in Circular 116/2006/BNN issued on December 18, 2006 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as follows:

Criteria for recognition of traditional occupations:

A profession recognized as a traditional profession must meet the following 3 criteria:

a) The profession has existed in the locality for over 50 years up to the time of request for recognition;

b) Profession that creates products with national cultural identity;

c) A profession associated with the name of one or more artisans or the name of a craft village.

Criteria for recognition of craft villages:

Recognized craft villages must meet the following 3 criteria:

a) At least 30% of total households in the area participate in rural industry activities;

b) Stable production and business activities for at least 2 years up to the time of request for recognition;

c) Comply with the State's policies and laws.

Criteria for recognition of traditional craft villages:

Traditional craft villages must meet craft village criteria and have at least one traditional occupation as prescribed in this Circular.

Villages that do not meet standards a and b of the criteria for recognition of craft villages in point 2, but have at least one traditional craft recognized according to the provisions of this Circular, will also be recognized as traditional craft villages.[5]

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