Lessons Learned From Craft Village Development Policy In Bac Ninh

- Has not yet built an information system to guide and access modern technology and techniques.

- Lack of synchronous mechanisms and solutions in the acquisition of imported technology, lack of consulting information, qualifications and assessment organizations. The management of imported technology is still not strict, causing great economic losses.

- The technology transfer policy mechanism is not synchronous, there is a lack of support in financial and credit policies, so production and business establishments are not capable of innovating technology or absorbing new technology ineffectively.

- There is no policy to attract and build a team of experts, skilled workers, high-level craftsmen, policy makers and organizations to apply new technology.

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- The science and technology market has not been built and developed, and has not created enough pressure to accelerate innovation and modernization of equipment and technology.

* On labor policy and human resource training in Bac Ninh

This policy still provides general incentives and is difficult to implement. On the one hand, vocational training facilities in Bac Ninh are both lacking and weak, so it is difficult to meet the real training needs of production and business establishments. In addition, the situation of attracting workers from each other among enterprises makes enterprises not want to spend money to train workers at their own production and business establishments, but there is still no policy mechanism to solve this situation. Therefore, low-quality unskilled labor is still recruited by households and production and business establishments in the LN and increases steadily every year, but the efficiency of use is very low.

- There is no clear and consistent policy for training human resources for LNs.

- The new training policy only focuses on encouragement, the State's support is unclear, and does not encourage businesses to invest in training.

- The responsibilities of the public training system at all levels, sectors and localities are unclear.

- Only focusing on vocational training, not on training management capacity and knowledge of integration, competition... the training structure is not suitable for the actual needs of the local industry.

- Poor vocational training quality, people with degrees and certificates are not accepted by the labor market, and there are no effective solutions.

- Facilities, technology, and teaching staff are lacking and outdated, unable to meet the requirements of human resource training.

* On environmental protection policy

State policies have not really had a positive impact on solving the problem of environmental pollution in the LNs. The policy regulations are not specific, at the macro level there are no specialized documents or some specific provisions on environmental protection in the LNs. Although Bac Ninh province has issued environmental protection regulations that mention the LN environment, they are still general, not specific, not highly effective, the regulations are still only temporary solutions, not ensuring long-term effectiveness and consistency for the LN areas.

- Environmental pollution treatment requires high costs while the capacity of production and business establishments is limited, while State support is limited and incentive policies are not strong enough to attract investment and socialization in this field.

- The effectiveness of environmental protection documents is still low, administrative sanctions for violations of environmental laws are poor, environmental dissemination and education are not good, etc.

- Fee collection for other wastes such as gaseous waste and solid waste has not been implemented. In the new LNs, only industrial wastewater fees are applied.

Sanitation fees are not enough to prevent and deter people from polluting the environment. Other economic tools such as environmental taxes, environmental funds, etc. have not been applied. The organizational apparatus for environmental management and protection is not yet synchronous and strong enough, lacking enthusiastic participation from the community. The limitations of this environmental protection policy have been and are threatening to aggravate the problem of environmental pollution in the LN, greatly affecting the sustainable development strategy of the locality and the whole country.

The main reason for the limitations of the above basic policies is due to poor implementation of the policy process from planning, policy institutionalization, policy implementation direction, policy adjustment, so the policies have not kept up with the actual situation, are still overlapping, patchwork, unsynchronized, lack specificity, etc. These limitations are due to:

+ Due to limited staff qualifications, there are policies that are not suitable for reality, slow to innovate, overlapping, patchwork, and inconsistent. Many policies are general, lacking specificity, lacking transparency, unfair, or not strong enough to encourage, support, or restrain, and difficult to apply and direct implementation.

+ The coordination between central and local authorities is not yet close and synchronous. Therefore, in advising, planning, supplementing and perfecting policies, a large number of intellectuals, management staff as well as a large number of people have not been mobilized to participate in planning and building policies.

+ Policy implementation is sometimes still entangled due to cumbersome administrative procedures. Implementation is not organized seriously, inspection, supervision, analysis and assessment of policy impacts are not taken seriously, not regular and professional. The information system and bottom-up reporting still have many shortcomings... Policy dissemination and explanation work is still limited, affecting the access of LNs to policies.

+ The awareness of compliance with policies of households and production and business establishments in the LN still has many limitations, especially the awareness of compliance with policies on tax, environment, etc. These reasons have greatly affected the quality of policies, causing the recent policies to have many limitations.

2.4. Lessons learned from craft village development policy in Bac Ninh

2.4.1. Recognize and clearly identify the position and role of craft villages

for local socio-economic development

LN in Bac Ninh province has a long history of existence and development, widely distributed throughout the province. Recently, many new LN have appeared. The development of LN has made an important contribution to socio-economic development with a contribution of over 30% of the total production value of the whole province. LN also contributes to job creation, promoting the restructuring of the rural economy and increasing export value.

LN will be the bridge between agriculture and industry, between rural and urban areas, between traditional and modern elements of culture, science and technology. The development of LN creates a solid foundation for the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, preserving, maintaining and developing many traditional occupations with unique features bearing the national cultural identity. Based on that reality, the Party Committee and the government of Bac Ninh province always pay attention to expanding and developing LN. Many policies and strategies have been proposed and effectively implemented such as policies on developing industrial parks, policies to encourage and give preferential treatment to investment, support for building infrastructure of LN, policies to protect the environment of LN, etc.

In fact, in industrialization and modernization, thanks to the clear identification of the position and role of small and medium-sized enterprises, with active policies and solutions from the state and localities, many small and medium-sized enterprises have been restored and new ones have been created. The structure of industries and types of production and business in small and medium-sized enterprises are increasingly diversified, in line with the development trend of the current market economy.

2.4.2. Creating a favorable production and business environment for craft village development

Transition to market mechanism under conditions of competition and integration

In the world economy, policies for developing small and medium-sized enterprises must be suitable to the characteristics and actual situation in the locality to contribute to liberating production capacity, expanding and developing small and medium-sized enterprises. In fact, the construction of correct and appropriate policies with unified direction in implementation by state management agencies will create a favorable business environment and it is truly an important driving force to promote small and medium-sized enterprises development in Bac Ninh province. Reality also shows that it is necessary to continue to reform administration more strongly and thoroughly, improving the professionalism of the administrative apparatus. State management of small and medium-sized enterprises must be carried out through strict legal regulations with decentralization, and organizing a dynamic and effective management apparatus to both limit violations from production and business establishments and ensure active support for the development of production and business establishments in small and medium-sized enterprises. Reality also shows that local authorities need to pay attention to exploiting and promoting the favorable position of the locality to create a more favorable production and business environment for the development of craft villages. Planning work needs to be associated with a specific implementation roadmap in accordance with the situation and development trends of craft villages. In the current development of the market economy and international economic integration, state and local policies need to focus on diversifying products, quality, designs, and models of goods, strongly encouraging production and business establishments in craft villages to innovate technology, export goods to foreign markets, etc.

In recent times, Bac Ninh province has also had early policies and quickly implemented industrial clusters to solve production and business space for industrial clusters to expand and develop. At the same time, there are also a number of policies and solutions to contribute to solving environmental pollution problems in industrial clusters and developing transportation.

rural areas, etc. However, in the process of industrialization and modernization, state and local policies need to continue to be improved to meet new requirements that frequently arise in current LNs. Only then can these policies truly create a favorable business environment for LNs to develop more strongly, more diversely, and increasingly make positive contributions to the socio-economic development of the locality.

2.4.3. Investment policy to support infrastructure development of craft villages

Investing in developing infrastructure of the LN is both a condition and a driving force and creates

opportunities for investment in developing industries of the LNs. In fact, in recent times, Bac Ninh province has had quite synchronous policies to support agricultural and rural infrastructure in particular, including the LNs. The changes in infrastructure in the LNs have contributed positively to solving the overload of infrastructure, especially narrow production and business premises, pollution, and traffic congestion that have been hindering the development of production and business and reducing the attractiveness of the investment environment in the LNs. Most of the infrastructure requires a very large investment capital, the ability to recover capital is slow and many types of infrastructure bring public benefits to serve production and business and the common life of the whole society. Therefore, the support of the state is extremely necessary and Bac Ninh has been quite successful in supporting from the provincial budget as a source of "seed" capital for mobilizing other capital sources to invest in developing infrastructure of the LNs.

Reality also shows that investment in infrastructure of industrial zones also needs to be implemented synchronously from the transportation system, electricity, communication, water supply and drainage, environmental treatment, etc. to other infrastructures such as the logistics system, the system of financial and banking service authorities, centers for receiving, analyzing, processing and commercializing economic information, etc. The State also needs to have policies to encourage the diversification of capital mobilization forms for infrastructure investment such as attracting foreign investment, BOT, BT and especially the exploitation of land funds to create capital sources for infrastructure investment.

In infrastructure construction, planning must come before investment and development, focusing on improving the quality of works and minimizing investment losses. That shows that in the construction and implementation of current policies on LN, it is necessary to attach sanctions with specific regulations for managers and implementing partners.

2.4.4. Focus on developing human resources and business teams for craft villages

Human resource development plays a very important role in the development of

development of the LNs. In fact, the LNs in Bac Ninh are currently developing with a large number of highly skilled human resources, especially artisans, skilled craftsmen and dynamic business owners. In addition to professional expertise and high skills to create quality products, uniqueness, creativity in design, always changing to suit tastes, production and business establishments also need to require management skills, foreign languages, information technology, legal knowledge and international practices... to meet the new situation of the market economy, competition and integration into the world.

The government needs to have policies to support the LNs in developing high-quality human resources through investment in the local vocational training system, supporting and encouraging diverse types of vocational training, vocational training, and paying attention to training for business teams in the LNs to gradually form a team of entrepreneurs with qualifications and capacity suitable for the new situation. Personnel work has practical significance for the development of the LNs and is an issue that the locality always pays much attention to. In fact, Bac Ninh has also had policies on recruitment, promotion, encouragement of talent attraction, administrative procedure reform, etc. However, this is still a stage with many shortcomings affecting the implementation of policies for the socio-economic development of the LNs today. Therefore, there needs to be a positive solution to improve the policy on personnel work from preferential treatment regimes.

to the criteria for evaluating and selecting officials to improve the capacity and efficiency of the public management apparatus, creating a favorable environment for the development of increasingly diverse and effective LN.

2.4.5. There needs to be a policy linking craft village development with tourism and cultural activities and focusing on environmental protection.

Economic development in the LNs has always been considered a priority goal.

However, the reality shows that in developing LNs, linking economic development of occupations with culture, tourism and environmental protection is an indispensable requirement. Normally, LNs, especially traditional LNs, converge and vividly express the unique identity of each region and locality. Each LN is a cultural address reflecting the lifestyle and customs of each community. Therefore, the development of LN tourism in Bac Ninh is identified as an important direction of cultural tourism development in Bac Ninh province. Accordingly, it is necessary to invest in tourism technical facilities associated with LNs to form tourism services in LNs, build a cultural environment for LN tourism, preserve and promote the cultural values of LNs, implement LN tourism programs combined with other tourism resources such as historical relics.

- culture, festivals, Quan Ho folk songs..., building LN brand, promoting LN etc...

The issue of environmental protection due to the development of LN in Bac Ninh in recent times is a quite practical lesson for many localities. In fact, the pollution of surface water, groundwater, air and solid waste on land resources due to the development of industries in LN is very clear and has been recognized and overcome, but more appropriate policies are needed to prevent, minimize, overcome and ensure sustainable development.

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