3.3 THE ISSUE OF USING INTELLECTUAL TEAM TO SERVE THE CAUSE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION OF THE COUNTRY
3.3.1. The intellectual team in the first 10 years of promoting the country's industrialization and modernization
Along with the comprehensive development of the country, in the process of promoting industrialization and modernization (1986-1996), the Party and State's policies on building intellectuals and investing in developing the main fields of intellectual activities were gradually implemented. That is the decisive factor in the maturity of intellectuals in the new period. Intellectuals have rapidly increased in number and improved in qualifications and capacity. Intellectuals are distributed throughout the socio-economic fields, regions, provinces and cities, performing different tasks: from advising leaders, scientific research, to directly directing the application of technology transfer, socio-economic development, operating in the fields of culture and arts, actively contributing to the cause of national development.
By 2005, the country had more than 1,800 thousand people with university and college degrees, 16 thousand masters, 14 thousand doctors and doctors of science, reaching 210 people with college degrees or higher per 10,000 people. The number of professors was 1,131; associate professors was 5,253 [41]. In the field of science and technology, some fields of natural sciences, Vietnamese intellectuals have reached advanced levels in the region. Improving the capacity of research, acquisition, learning and imitation of technology in many economic and technical fields and sectors, including high technology, of our country's intellectuals has made progress. Vietnam's science, technology and engineering have achieved many important achievements, absorbing, mastering and effectively applying technologies imported from abroad, making positive contributions to the cause of industrialization and modernization, such as software technology, medicine, biology, etc. Maybe you are interested!
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A large number of cadres with degrees and titles of professors and associate professors work in agencies and organizations managed by the Central Government. The country has over 1,100 research institutes, centers and technology transfer organizations, of which 540 are in the industrial sector.
562 belong to the public sector, 562 belong to the collective and private sectors. Of the 540 state S&T organizations, 223 belong to ministries and branches, 129 belong to universities and colleges, 170 belong to provinces and cities, and 18 belong to enterprises [41].
Thus, large S&T organizations are mainly concentrated in ministries, branches, and two national scientific research institutes (Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences and Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) and universities. These organizations concentrate a large number of cadres with academic titles and degrees to do basic research, applied research and implementation.
The team of intellectuals and artists in our country has developed in both quantity and quality. In terms of titles, through six conferments, the State has conferred 199 People's Artists and 1,691 Meritorious Artists.
The young intellectual force is more than 521 thousand people, accounting for about 35% of the total number of intellectuals in the country [213]. As those who have early enjoyed the fruits of the innovation career, and have benefited from the comprehensive education policy, young intellectuals have the conditions to carry out basic research programs combined with training a team of scientific experts in each field, so they have the conditions to form valuable scientific products.
Although rapidly growing in quantity and improving in level, the distribution of vocational training is still not appropriate among fields and regions. It is mainly concentrated in the career sector, accounting for 71% (of which, schools account for 61%, scientific research institutes about 33% and hospitals 6%), the administrative sector accounts for nearly 22% and the business sector 7% [41].
The scientific staff of the chemistry - sports and tourism industry is still thin, the number of people with academic titles and degrees is very small, only 2 professors, 82 associate professors, 7 doctors of science, 126 doctors [231].
Along with the unreasonable distribution of intellectuals in economic sectors and fields of operation is the unbalanced distribution between economic regions. The intellectual force is not reasonably distributed between regions and localities, mainly concentrated in large cities. The average rate of people with university and college degrees per 10,000 people in Hanoi is 844 people, the highest in the country, more than 4 times higher than the national average. The Mekong Delta region has rich economic potential, has conditions for widely applying scientific and technological achievements, and is in great need of scientific staff, but the number of people with university and college degrees or higher is very small. The lowest is Tra Vinh province with only 34 people with university and college degrees per 10,000 people, only 1/6 of the national average [41].
The imbalanced distribution of PhDs among localities, regions, and areas is most clearly shown in the number of people with doctoral degrees or higher, concentrated mainly in the two major cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The Red River Delta and the Southeast region have a large concentration of cadres with academic titles and degrees, accounting for nearly 90% of the total number of PhDs in the country. In these two regions, the number of PhDs is mainly concentrated in the two cities of Hanoi (63.82%) and Ho Chi Minh City (19.33%). In the remaining six economic regions, the highest region accounts for less than 4%. The total number of PhDs in both the Northwest and Central Highlands regions accounts for only 1% of the total number of PhDs in the country [41]. The main reason for the imbalanced division is the arrangement of the system of agencies, units, and schools where intellectuals work, concentrated mainly in the Central region, in the two major cities.
Training level structure
In the DNTT, the number of people with university degrees accounts for the largest proportion: 69.44%, college: 28.84%, master's: 0.89% and the number of people with doctoral degrees accounts for only 0.77% [41].
According to the 2005 survey results, the quality of Vietnam's human resources ranked 53rd out of 59 countries, with the human resources structure of the ratio of university (bachelor, doctor, engineer)/vocational high school/average technical worker in our country being:
1/1.16/0.92. The world average (1/4/10), so the highly qualified human resources (bachelors) account for a large proportion compared to the world [134]. The current imbalance in the structure of human resources leads to the situation where highly qualified human resources do jobs that are not suitable for their qualifications or training, which is still common. Many people with university degrees, "design" cadres, have to take on the work of "practical" cadres - college level. The use of labor that is not suitable for training objectives has led to a situation where the ability to develop intellectual capacity is limited, causing a huge waste of resources and reducing training efficiency.
On the intellectual structure by age:
The intellectual force under 50 years old with university degree accounts for 81.19%, master degree is 78.7%. The intellectual force with doctoral degree under 50 years old accounts for 44.82% (those under 40 years old account for only 9.2%). Of the total number of scientific doctors, the number of people under 50 years old accounts for 41.82% (those under 40 years old account for only 15.4%).
The average age of intellectuals in the state sector is: 38.2 years old for college; 40.9 years old for university; 42.6 years old for masters and 52.9 years old for doctors. Thus, after 10 years (1995-2005), the average age of the doctoral team has not changed (in 1995, the average age of doctors was 52.8, by 2005 it was 52.9 years old). The average age of professors in 2005 was 58, associate professors was 47. Notably, the number of scientific research staff in state science and technology organizations under 25 years old accounted for only 9.06%, while that of those over 55 years old reached 13.55% [41].
On the intellectual structure by ethnicity
With the special attention of the Party and the State, the work of training ethnic intellectuals has achieved certain results. The number of ethnic minority intellectuals has increased significantly, the number of ethnic groups without college graduates has decreased from 12 ethnic groups (in 1989) to 7 ethnic groups, namely Brau, O Du, Ro Mam, Pu Peo, Co Lao, Mang and La Hu (in 2008). Compared to the demand, the number of ethnic minority intellectuals is still too small.
not meet actual needs. This is an urgent issue in building policies for training and developing intellectuals of ethnic minorities.
The total number of people with post-graduate degrees is 642 and is unevenly distributed among ethnic groups: Tay ethnic group has 332 people, followed by Hoa, Thai, Muong, Nung, and the remaining ethnic groups have 1-2 people (Raglai, Ta Oi, Hmong,...), many ethnic groups have no people. There are 7 ethnic groups with thousands of people with university degrees (Tay, Thai, Hoa, Khmer, Muong, Nung, Cham). There are 5 ethnic groups with thousands of people with college degrees (Tay, Thai, Hoa, Muong, Nung); there are 11 ethnic groups with hundreds (Khmer, Hmong, Dao, Gia rai, Ede, San Chay, Co Ho, Cham, San Diu, Hre, Tho); the remaining are ethnic groups with tens and units; According to the results of the independent state-level project, code: DTĐL-2003/27, if the Kinh people with university degrees account for 2.28% of the total population, the Hoa and Tay ethnic groups, which have the largest number of people with university degrees, only account for 1.24 and 1.25%, equal to half of the Kinh people [41].
3.3.2. The intellectual team contributes to the process of promoting industrialization, modernization and international integration.
Intellectuals in the field of basic science have attached importance to the application and transfer of advanced achievements to serve production development, environmental protection and people's lives. Research topics have focused on investigating and discovering biological resources in our country, analyzing and synthesizing hundreds of materials used to prevent diseases for humans, plants and animals.
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology performs the functions and tasks of participating in building strategies for the development of natural sciences and technology; participating in formulating policies for the development of science and technology, education and training, and protection of the country's resources and environment; Researching and synthesizing natural resources, natural conditions and the environment to provide a scientific basis for planning and developing socio-economic plans for the whole country and its territories.
appraising or participating in appraising technological level, reviewing economic and technical arguments of key and important projects of the State and localities, training highly qualified human resources; implementing international cooperation in science and technology, etc.
Every year, the Institute presides over hundreds of topics under key programs at the State and ministerial levels, contributing to solving many basic scientific issues serving the country's socio-economic development.
The Institute has cooperated with the Russian, Chinese, French, Japanese, Korean Academies of Sciences, etc. in scientific research and technology transfer as well as in staff training. Implementing the coordination program and maximizing the intellectual potential of the scientific and technological team of all economic sectors, the Union of Science and Technology Associations coordinated with the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment to organize the Science and Technology Law workshop. Contributing opinions to the master plan for socio-economic development of the Northwest and the Red River Delta in 1996-2010,...
Every year, the Union of Science and Technology Associations, together with its member associations and affiliated units, organizes and implements many large science and technology programs and projects. In 1996 alone, six major projects on basic research were implemented.
1. Investigate, survey and evaluate the impacts on the natural and social environment, the lives of ethnic communities and other socio-economic issues caused by the Son La hydropower project, and propose feasible solutions.
2. Soil classification according to the standards of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
3. Investigation of environmental degradation in open pit mines
4. Investigate and evaluate rural and mountainous energy potential.
5. Investigate the environmental pollution situation in Hanoi's fruit and vegetable growing areas and research the application of biotechnology to pilot clean vegetable growing in Hanoi.
6. Investigation and testing of the effectiveness of using organic microbial fertilizers for crops on some major land areas in Vietnam.
In 1996, for the first time, the Association chaired two state-level research projects: Science and Technology Project 07.07: Research on environmental changes related to Son La Hydropower Project, recommending directions for exploitation and reasonable use. Science and Technology Project 09.09, Master plan for long-term energy development to 2020.
The Association actively implements projects on applying scientific and technological advances in production. Such as producing organic phosphate fertilizers, producing Gacavit products and products from Gac.
The association initiated and chaired the project of researching, applying, and testing floating houses for the people of the Mekong Delta, the project of building a research and vocational training center for construction. Researched the topic of Vietnam's information technology in the current period, organized a workshop on Vietnamese intellectuals preparing to enter the 21st century, shortened the technology gap between Vietnam and ASEAN countries for effective integration.
With a large and powerful force, rich and diverse potential, member associations of the Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations preside over or participate in implementing many science and technology projects and topics. The Geographical Association implements state-level topics on organizing the territory of Vietnam, participating in implementing 2 state-level scientific programs on environmental protection and marine research.
The Union of Science and Technology Associations of localities has made progress in scientific research. In 1997, the Union of Associations of Ho Chi Minh City chaired and participated in 11 topics at all levels; the Union of Associations of Hai Phong chaired and participated in 15 topics, Quang Ngai 8 topics, Hanoi 6 topics...
Ho Chi Minh City is one of the scientific, cultural training centers of the country with vibrant scientific and technological teaching and research activities. In the area
The city has nearly 200 institutes, research centers, universities and colleges, with more than 10,000 intellectuals. If businesses and other administrative units in the area are included, the workforce in the field of science and technology is up to nearly 300,000 people, including more than 3,000 PhDs and 5,000 masters. The number of scientists who are professors and associate professors is about 450 people.
The team of Ho Chi Minh City's science and technology intellectuals has achieved many achievements in science and technology activities, typically: Quang Trung Software Park; Low-cost equipment design and manufacturing program; Technology and equipment market; application and exploitation of modern information systems; human resource development program; some environmental pollution treatment projects; linkage model between enterprises, research facilities and the State to innovate technology, improve competitiveness; Creation and development of science and technology information resources,
Implementing the linkage between three parties: researchers - manufacturers - managers, the application rate of scientific topics after acceptance in Ho Chi Minh City is high. The program to support enterprises to modernize at low cost has reduced the cost of equipment investment compared to import prices, helping enterprises save costs and increase the export value of goods.
The technology and equipment market has become a place for manufacturers and consumers to trade, buy and sell machinery, equipment and request advice and services... The technology and equipment products created by the City are worth thousands of billions of VND, transferred to serve businesses in many provinces and cities, contributing effectively to the modernization of production, improving competitiveness and integration.
Many research and teaching units, hospitals, medical facilities and some research and development departments of enterprises have successfully researched topics with high application value, such as: Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Cho Ray Hospital,....