The 8th National Party Congress is of special significance, marking a new milestone in the development process of our country, deciding issues related to the destiny of the nation and the future of the country on the threshold of the 21st century. It is the Congress that opens the period of accelerating the country's industrialization and modernization. The Congress continues to affirm that the development of education, training and science and technology is the top national policy, a breakthrough in the industrialization and modernization process.
Realizing that the construction of a synchronous intellectual property is an objective requirement of the cause of promoting industrialization and modernization associated with the development of a knowledge-based economy, and policies towards intellectuals need to continue to be innovated to suit actual conditions in order to unite and widely gather cadres, discover and make good use of talents, and effectively promote intellectual resources for the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. From the perspective of "Taking the promotion of human resources as a fundamental factor for rapid and sustainable development" [95, p.85], the 8th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam identified an important task in the cause of industrialization and modernization as:
Building a strong team of scientific and technological staff. Discovering, nurturing and promoting talents in the fields of science and technology, culture and arts, socio-economic management and production and business administration, meeting immediate needs and preparing for higher development after 2000 [95, p.38].
The Congress requires linking mechanisms and policies of treatment and honor with promoting the responsibility of the Communist Party of Vietnam towards the country and people:
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Promote exploration and creativity in research, while at the same time upholding the social responsibility of those working in science and technology towards the country. Creating a market for science and technology activities... [95, p.106].
In which, we focus on policies to reward the outstanding contributions of intellectuals to the cause of socio-economic development:
There are policies to care for working conditions, material and spiritual benefits of those who research, invent and apply science and technology; protect intellectual property rights; give incentives to talented people who have made important contributions; encourage scientists to work in remote areas. Prevent the situation of "brain drain" [95, pp.106-107].
In order to concretize the viewpoints on continuing to build the training system to meet the requirements of innovation, industrialization and modernization of the country of the 8th National Congress of the Party, the Central Conferences were held, discussed and implemented in many fields related to the construction of the training system in the new period: That is, the second Central Conference (December 1996) issued a Resolution on the strategic orientation for education and training development in the period of industrialization and modernization and tasks until the year 2000 and a Resolution on the strategic orientation for science and technology development in the period of industrialization and modernization and tasks until the year 2000, identifying an important task of education and training as synchronous and comprehensive training of training systems:
Building a team of intellectuals who are patriotic, love socialism, have great spirit and ambition, and are interested in bringing the country to new heights. Strive to increase the number of scientific research and technology deployment staff by one and a half times compared to present and improve the efficiency of using the team [106, p. 48],
The Third Conference of the Party Central Committee (VIII Term) (June 1997) issued a Resolution on the cadre strategy in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country, identifying the task of training and fostering cadres to improve the qualifications and capacity of cadres to perform management and leadership work, and build a political system on par with the requirements of revolutionary tasks.
The innovative view on the use of talents is clearly shown in the Party's resolution:
Promote the tradition of patriotism and solidarity, widely gather all types of cadres, and make good use of talents, regardless of party members or non-party members, ethnicity, or religion.
Catholics, people in the country or Vietnamese people living abroad; no prejudice against those who have made mistakes in the past but have repented and corrected [106, p.72].
The State legalizes the Party's viewpoints and policies into laws and ordinances; the Government, ministries and sectors have many policies and guidelines to encourage intellectuals to invent and create, protect intellectual property rights, and reward intellectuals who have contributed to the country's development. The advisory and critical role of the Union of Science and Technology Associations and the Union of Cultural and Artistic Associations in formulating guidelines, policies, laws, and cultural, economic and social development projects is respected.
Entering the 21st century, with the strong development of science and technology, the knowledge economy has become a reality in a number of developed countries, continuing to consistently maintain the viewpoint and policy on intellectuals, the 9th Party Congress (April 2001) affirmed:
For intellectuals, create favorable conditions to acquire information, receive new achievements of science, technology and world culture, improve political level and professional knowledge. Encourage freedom of creativity, invention and contribution. Discover, nurture, properly use and reward talents. Promote the capacity of intellectuals in implementing State research programs and topics and building guidelines, policies, laws [109, pp. 125-126].
The basic viewpoints of the Party and State on building Vietnam's socialist-oriented market economy in the new period can be summarized in the following main features:
Firstly, continue to put people at the center of the industrialization and modernization cause, identify human resources as both the driving force and the goal of development, and build a human resource system as a priority in human resource development.
Second, emphasize the task of innovating policies on training, using and rewarding intellectuals, and respecting and honoring talents. Encourage and create favorable conditions for intellectuals to expand international exchanges and cooperation.
Third, it points out the need to overcome the wasteful use of intellectual resources by building a system of policies and mechanisms for using talents and trained human resources; paying salaries based on work results, professional expertise, and creativity in work, while paying salaries based on labor attraction requirements to have talented people in difficult areas and less attractive but necessary occupations.
Fourth, the direction of the work of building the national literary and artistic community is to expand democracy to promote the capacity and strengths of each person, associated with enhancing responsibility for building the national culture, developing creative cultural, literary and artistic activities. Consistent with the viewpoint on the national literary and artistic community, at the 9th Congress, the Party stated: "Caring for the material and spiritual life of artists, especially the elderly; giving appropriate treatment to talented artists. Focusing on nurturing and training the young generation of artists". [109, pp. 115-116].
The Communist Party of Vietnam affirms that intellectuals and artists in the cultural sector play an important role in creating and disseminating new works for the country's culture and arts; popularizing values, scientific knowledge, cultural and artistic values, and guiding people to humanistic values. In particular, an important issue for intellectuals and artists to promote their creative capacity is to establish and develop socialist democracy, the 9th Congress pointed out:
Ensuring democracy and freedom for all creative activities, still studying art, creating favorable working conditions to promote the effectiveness of artistic labor. Artists and writers uphold their responsibility to the people, the Fatherland and socialism, striving to produce many works of high ideological and artistic value, deeply imbued with the spirit of humanity and democracy, having the effect of educating and building people. Arts and literature promote the right, the good, the beautiful in the relationship between people, between people and society, and nature; criticizing bad habits, condemning evil and baseness. [109, p. 115].
The fifth is to point out the important task in the process of industrialization, international integration, and step by step building a knowledge-based economy, which is to build a synchronous intellectual community, so that scientific and technological intellectuals can grasp and apply the latest achievements of the world scientific and technological revolution. Intellectuals of social sciences and humanities are capable of providing arguments for formulating policies, strategies and development plans, as a basis for building a new form of social consciousness. At the same time, it is urgent to strengthen the work of personality education for the younger generation with the training goal: people's intelligence, human resources, and talents must be based on the common denominator of personality, requiring strong innovation in education and training, aiming to create new people with strong national cultural identity, steadfastly maintaining national independence and socialism, national pride, love for the homeland,... The solution is to improve the quality of intellectuals in the education and training sector, with qualifications and moral qualities; Strengthen teaching of social sciences and humanities, teach well Vietnamese language, literature, history and geography.
Promote the role of intellectuals in cultural development, improve social spiritual life, so that culture becomes a driving force for socio-economic development, the foundation of the political regime with a policy of using the potential of cultural groups and individuals in the direction of socializing cultural and artistic activities.
Affirm the viewpoint and policy of using intellectuals and artists is to use and treat them according to their moral qualities and actual talents, not purely to use and treat them according to their degrees. Trust and create favorable conditions for intellectuals and artists to contribute through scientific, cultural and artistic creativity. Pay attention to building and implementing policies to develop and use talents, attract talents to important fields, regardless of religion or political party.
The intellectual team in the education and training sector plays an important role in the training and development of national human resources, including intellectuals. Therefore, the Party and the State have a system of policies that show respect for the social position of teachers, honor the teaching profession, attract talented people to the teaching profession and encourage them to
work in difficult areas; advocate for building policies to use and honor excellent teachers and managers who have made great contributions to the cause of education and training.
The renovation process has gone into depth; many practical issues have arisen that need to be thoroughly explained to pave the way for new developments. By pointing out the task of social science and humanities intellectuals, it is necessary to continue to contribute to clarifying the perceptions of socialism and the path to socialism in our country, solving new problems of the socialist-oriented market economy; the steps of industrialization and modernization; the basic principles and contents of promoting socialist democracy, innovating the political system, building a socialist rule-of-law state; developing the human factor; enhancing the leadership capacity and fighting strength of the Party and State in the new period,...
Sixth, innovate the management mechanism, gradually eliminate administrative, command, and subsidized management methods, expand the autonomy of research and development facilities, and create favorable conditions for young people working in the field of science and technology to promote their potential.
Step by step implement policies to increase investment and socialize activities to mobilize resources for the development of science and technology, education and training, culture and arts. The 9th Congress clearly stated: "Increase budget investment and mobilize other resources for science and technology" [109, p.113]. Every year, the State allocates at least 2% of the State budget for scientific research and technology development. Science and technology development funds in ministries, provinces and cities are established to invest in the implementation of science and technology tasks of the sector and locality. During the period of promoting industrialization, modernization and international integration, policies and solutions for building innovative technology have been gradually concretized, creating conditions and an environment for creative activities.
During the term of the 9th Congress, the Central Executive Committee directed to continue to promote the implementation of Central Resolution 2 (VIII Term) in Conclusion No. 14-KL/TW, dated July 26, 2002 of the Central Executive Committee (IX Term) on continuing to implement Central Resolution 2, VIII Term, the direction of developing education - training, science - technology.
technology to 2005 and to 2010. Identify the main directions and tasks of science and technology to 2010: promptly solving theoretical and practical problems posed by life; Providing scientific arguments for planning policies of the Party and the State; Innovating and improving the technological level in the entire national economy to quickly escape the state of manual and backward labor; Increasing labor productivity, business efficiency, enhancing the competitiveness of the economy, improving people's lives and national defense and security. Building and developing with focus high-tech industries, especially information technology and biotechnology; Developing the science and technology market; Timely summarizing new factors and good experiences for dissemination and replication; Having appropriate policies to encourage talents, honoring scientists, science and technology officials, technology and good managers.
Build and implement a well-coordinated system of policies and mechanisms for the development of science and technology, specifically: Promote exploration and creativity in research, while at the same time upholding the social responsibility of those working in science and technology towards the country. Have policies to care for working conditions, material and spiritual benefits of those who research, invent and apply science and technology; protect intellectual property rights; give incentives to talents with important contributions. Prevent the situation of "brain drain".
Seventh, the policy is to create conditions for overseas Vietnamese intellectuals to contribute to the country's development and attract foreign intellectuals to work in Vietnam. Overseas Vietnamese intellectuals are identified as a potential source of intellectuals for the country. Among the 2.7 million Vietnamese people residing and living abroad, there are about 400,000 experts, intellectuals and highly skilled people, mainly living in developed countries. In the US, there are more than 150,000 overseas Vietnamese intellectuals; in France, there are about 40,000 people; in Canada, there are more than 20,000 people; in Eastern European countries, there are about 5,000 people [84]. In most fields of modern science and high technology, overseas Vietnamese intellectuals work. Among them, many are successful, prestigious in the international scientific community and hold high positions in research institutes, universities and large companies. There are
Participants in international scientific organizations, have relationships and understanding with many economic and scientific-technological organizations of developed countries. Many have made worthy contributions to the science of the host country. Due to high-quality training and being updated with new achievements in the fields of science, technology and management, overseas intellectuals have the ability to contribute greatly to information, transfer of scientific and cultural knowledge, consulting and being a bridge in the country's foreign affairs activities.
The Party and State's policy towards overseas intellectuals is clearly stated in many important documents, demonstrating trust, concern for treatment and honoring the contributions of intellectuals to the development of the country. Promoting the potential of overseas intellectuals, Resolution No. 36-NQ/TW dated March 26, 2004 of the Politburo on work with overseas Vietnamese pays special attention to the contributions of this force to the country's development: Overseas Vietnamese are an inseparable part and a resource of the Vietnamese ethnic community.... Complete and build a new system of policies to attract and use talents, promote the contributions of overseas intellectuals to the development of the country. Build a satisfactory treatment regime for experts and intellectuals with high professional qualifications, capable of consulting on management, operation, transferring high technology and techniques to the country, contributing to the development of the country's culture and arts.
Promoting the role of domestic intellectuals is a practical manifestation of the policy of valuing talents, thereby attracting overseas intellectuals to contribute to the cause of building the homeland. The Party and the State have had policies and guidelines to create conditions for foreigners to conduct scientific research, teach and study in Vietnam and policies to attract overseas Vietnamese intellectuals and talented experts from the world to participate in the development of science and technology in Vietnam. Overseas Vietnamese intellectuals, international organizations, foreign organizations and individuals cooperating in the development of science and technology in Vietnam are encouraged by the State, their legitimate rights and interests are protected; they enjoy tax incentives, land use and other incentives. Resolution of the 2nd Central Committee