Table 4.22: Forms of assistance from organizations and relatives
Forms of help
Quantity | Percentage | |
Lend/ lend money | 100 | 37.6 |
Use family labor | 51 | 19.2 |
New production and business experience | 43 | 16.2 |
Expanding relationships in production and business | 29 | 10.9 |
Transfer of professional knowledge | 42 | 15.8 |
Job Introduction | 75 | 28.2 |
New vocational training | 40 | 15.0 |
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(Source: Thesis's XLSL results)
The research results show that households receive relatively large amounts of help and support from local authorities, of which households receive the most support in expanding relationships in production and business (accounting for 89.1%). Rural households have good relationships with each other and often help each other, not only spiritually but also materially. Along with the care and support of households, local authorities also provide new vocational training, impart professional knowledge, and new production and business experience at rates of 85.0%, 84.2%, and 83.8%, respectively. In addition, local authorities also use family labor and introduce jobs to workers at rates of 80.8% and 71.8%, respectively. This is a relatively high rate, demonstrating the relatively high level of concern of local authorities for workers and households in spirit. In terms of material, local authorities lend/grant money to households, but only at a relative level, accounting for 62.4%. Thus, local authorities have been accompanying workers with many specific and practical actions in supporting production and business, contributing to local socio-economic development.
Table 4.23: Forms of assistance from organizations and relatives
Households' assessment of the effectiveness of
support
Quantity | Percentage | |
Very ineffective | 38 | 14.3 |
Less effective | 91 | 34.2 |
Effective | 88 | 33.1 |
Relatively effective | 43 | 16.2 |
Very effective | 6 | 2.3 |
Total | 266 | 100.0 |
(Source: Thesis's XLSL results)
Despite receiving relatively large amounts of material and spiritual support, households rated the effectiveness of this support at an average level. Households rated it relatively effective and very effective at low levels, accounting for 16.2% and 2.3%, respectively; most households rated the local government's support policy at an effective level, accounting for 33.1%, households rated it very ineffective at 14.3% and less effective at 34.2%. Thus, it can be seen that, in the context of workers facing difficulties in professional qualifications, techniques and skills, local authorities have had policies to lend/loan money to workers as well as provide vocational training for workers. However, more investment is needed for local authorities' support policies to be truly effective for rural workers in the current period.
Table 4.24: Relationship between survey area and effectiveness of support activities
Interview location
Effectiveness of support activities | Total | ||||||
Very ineffective | Less effective | Effective | Relatively effective | Very effective | |||
Forever Happiness | N | 37 | 60 | 112 | 27 | 3 | 239 |
% | 15.5 | 25.1 | 46.9 | 11.3 | 1.3 | 100.0 | |
Hanoi | N | 13 | 64 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 160 |
% | 8.1 | 40.0 | 51.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
Total | N | 50 | 124 | 195 | 27 | 3 | 399 |
% | 12.5 | 31.1 | 48.9 | 6.8 | 0.8 | 100.0 | |
p=0.05, Tau-b=-0.085 | |||||||
The process of job transition of households whose land was recovered not only requires subjective efforts from the family but also objective support from departments, organizations, friends, and the community. These supports contribute significantly to the process of changing the employment structure of households. The survey results show that households in Vinh Phuc assess that they receive more effective support from outside than those in the Hanoi area. In the Hanoi area, people assess the level of ineffectiveness and effectiveness at 40.0% and 51.9%, with no one assessing the outside support as relatively effective and very effective. However, in the Vinh Phuc area, with the level of ineffectiveness, the rate of people responding was 25.1%, with 46.9% of Vinh Phuc respondents answering that it was effective, 11.3% said it was relatively effective, and 1.3% said it was very effective. Thus, we see that in Vinh Phuc area, there is still higher social support from the community than in Hanoi as well as community cohesion in rural areas is higher than in rural areas of Hanoi.
Table 4.25: People benefit from local government support
Favorable
Level | ||||||
Not at all favorable | Less favorable | Favorable | Relatively favorable profit | Very convenient | Average score | |
Help with vocational training | 32.3 | 28.2 | 30.5 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 2.2 |
Remote location center | 20.3 | 40.6 | 35.0 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 2.24 |
Policies and regulations are implemented locally. direction | 22.2 | 27.1 | 41.0 | 7.5 | 2.3 | 2.41 |
There is an industrial park located in the area. direction | 18.7 | 25.9 | 38.3 | 10.2 | 7.1 | 2.62 |
Attention, support and help from local authorities direction | 9.4 | 19.5 | 55.6 | 13.9 | 1.5 | 2.79 |
The care, support and help of local people direction | 8.3 | 15.4 | 56.8 | 17.3 | 2.3 | 2.9 |
(Source: Thesis's XLSL results) In the process of people's job conversion, local people/governments also have a great influence after the land acquisition process. However,
However, local support policies are not really effective in the process of job transition of people. The level of people's assessment of the help of local people/government is low, with an average score of 2.2 to 2.9 points (value scale is 5). In which, the attention, support and help of local people is assessed most favorably, although it only accounts for 2.9 points. However, it also affirms that the social ties of local people are tighter, and they help each other faster and more effectively than the help of local government. The help of local people/government in vocational training is low, less favorable for people in the process of job transition. Although vocational training is relatively important for people to access technology and other modern equipment, focusing on the country's common goal of "reducing the proportion of agriculture, increasing the proportion of industry and services" and by 2020, our country will basically become an industrial and service country. In addition, local policies and regulations are still rigid, local industrial parks have not created conditions for workers to access industry and services effectively, the level of people's assessment of this assistance is only 2.41 and 2.62 points, at a low level of convenience. Thus, it can be seen that although people in the process of job transition have received assistance from local people/governments, this assistance has not really created high efficiency.
From the analysis of influencing factors, the author ran a regression model to analyze the level of impact of the factors on the process of change in the employment structure of rural people in the area of agricultural land recovery.
Table 4.26: Regression model of factors affecting household employment transition
Element
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
Anxiety when land is recovered | .363*** | .325*** | .332*** | .333*** |
Happy to receive support money | -.214*** | -.170** | -.174** | -.147* |
Synthesis of driving forces driven by increased market demand | .148** | .148** | .135* | |
Advantage in word factor family resources (experience, human resources) | -.169** | -.164** | -.162** | |
Use investment money business | .123** | .103* | ||
Age | .176** | |||
R 2 adjustment | 0.202 | 0.232 | 0.244 | 0.272 |
F | 34,534 | 20,976 | 18,123 | 17,486 |
Constant | 2,877 | 2,931 | 2,849 | 2,037 |
***p<0.001, **p<0.05, *p<0.1
Thus, from the initial analysis model and through many regression model runs of factors affecting the job transition of people in the land acquisition area, the author has obtained the best model showing the simultaneous impact of factors.
The general regression equation is as follows: Y=α+β1X1+ β2X2+β3X3+ε Applied in the regression equation model is specifically as follows:
Career change = 2.037 + Anxiety - Joy + Market - family motivation + Use of investment money in business + Age + ε
The analysis results show that the attitude of rural workers has the strongest influence on job transition. The more rural people worry about jobs after land acquisition, the more likely they are to switch to other jobs, the standardized beta coefficient of this factor is 0.333 showing a relatively strong impact. Next is the average age of rural workers with a standardized beta coefficient of 0.176, R2 coefficientadjustment explained 27.2% of the variation in rural employment.
The analysis results have proven the hypothesis that the change in the labor structure depends on factors such as: the mindset of rural workers, factors from market demand, factors of experience of family members, factors of using compensation money for production investment, age factors have an impact on the change in the labor structure of rural people. Factors of support from local authorities, social organizations, enterprises, education level when separated and independent have an impact on the change in the labor structure of employment, but when combined with other factors, these factors do not ensure statistical significance or in other words, they are not really effective in the process of helping rural people change jobs. In addition, from the beginning, the gender factor did not show the difference between the male and female groups when affecting the change in the labor structure of rural people. Thus, women, like men in the family, have to seek new livelihoods without staying at home as before.
4.3. Impact of job transition on household economy
The land acquisition process has forced rural households to change their livelihoods. This change in livelihood has created income for households. According to household assessment, the living standards of households have changed between before and after land acquisition.
Table 4.27: People's assessment of household living standards before and after land acquisition
Standard of living
Before land acquisition | After land acquisition | |
Poor | 4.3 | 4.8 |
Near poor | 7.0 | 5.5 |
Average, enough to live | 77.2 | 78.9 |
Rather | 11.3 | 10.5 |
Rich | .3 | .3 |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |
(Source: Thesis investigation results)
The analysis results show people's assessment of the household's living standards over the years. The results show that the household's living standards have changed little compared to the general level of the population. However, during the research process, due to the use of retrospective methods, there may be certain errors in the assessment of living standards.
The research results show an assessment of household changes over the years, the results are shown as follows: