State management of tourism in Dong Hoi city, Quang Binh province

trip.

Thus, there are many concepts of tourism, but in summary, we see that tourism is activities related to human trips outside their regular residence to meet the needs of sightseeing, learning, entertainment, and relaxation within a certain period of time. Tourism contains the following basic elements:

- Tourism is a socio-economic phenomenon.

- Tourism is the movement and temporary stay outside the usual place of residence of individuals or groups to satisfy their diverse needs.

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- Tourism is a set of rich and diverse business activities to serve the journeys, temporary stays and other needs of individuals or groups when they are outside their usual place of residence.

- The journeys and temporary stays of individuals or groups all have certain purposes, including peaceful purposes.

1.1.1.2. Concept of tourism human resources.

Human resources in the tourism industry include all direct and indirect labor forces related to the process of serving tourists. Therefore, when referring to the concept of human resources in the tourism industry, it is not only referring to professional workers who directly serve tourists but also to workers at the management level, workers doing training work and other indirect workers serving tourists. Based on the relationship with the labor object (tourists), tourism workers are divided into two groups: direct workers and indirect workers. Direct workers include jobs that directly serve tourists such as in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, retail stores serving tourists, tourism management agencies, etc. Indirect workers include jobs that provide and support activities that directly serve tourists such as: providing food for hotels, restaurants, etc.

providing goods for retail stores serving tourists, government services supporting tourism development, training tourism human resources, building hotels, manufacturing equipment serving tourists... Of course, direct labor serving tourists always has the most direct and greatest impact on service quality, and thereby on the quality of tourism products. Thus, tourism human resources are understood as the labor force participating in the tourism development process, including direct labor and indirect labor.

In the scope of this thesis, only the direct labor force in the tourism industry is mentioned.

1.1.1.3. Concept of sustainable tourism

The concept of “Sustainable Development” was born very late and first appeared in the “Our Common Future Report” of the World Bank’s Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. In sustainable development, the most important thing to pay attention to is to satisfy current needs and not harm the satisfaction of future needs; ensure the proper and stable use of natural resources and the living environment.

Currently, in the world, there are many different concepts of "sustainable tourism". According to the definition of the World Tourism Organization given at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, "Sustainable tourism is the development of tourism activities to meet the current needs of tourists and local people while still paying attention to the conservation and restoration of resources for the development of tourism activities in the future".

Vietnam Tourism Law 2005, sustainable tourism is defined as follows: "Sustainable tourism is tourism development that meets current needs without harming the ability to meet tourism needs of the future."

future" .

From the above concepts, we can see that sustainable tourism contains the following elements:

- Sustainable tourism has a low impact on natural resources, it minimizes environmental impacts and tries to benefit the environment.

- Do not harm the social or cultural structure of the community, always respect local cultural values and traditions.

- Contribute economically to the community and create fair and stable income for local communities.

1.1.2. Elements of tourism activities

- Subjects participating in tourism activities

Subjects participating in tourism activities include: tourists; organizations and individuals doing tourism business; residential communities and agencies, organizations and individuals related to tourism.

The subjects participating in tourism activities have a close relationship, interact with each other, cannot be separated from each other and are factors that decisively influence the tourism development of a country, a region, a locality. If tourism activities are to develop, that country, that locality must create favorable conditions for the subjects participating in the development together, not taking any side lightly. Because, if one of the participants is missing, tourism activities will be ineffective, even non-existent.

- Types of tourism

Based on different classification criteria, there are different types of tourism:

* Based on the territorial scope of the trip:

-International travel:

-Domestic travel:

*Based on type of accommodation

-Travel in hotel

-Travel in motel

-Travel in hostel

-Travel in the Tourist Village

-Camping Tour

*Based on travel time

-Long term travel

-Short term travel

* Based on the purpose of the trip

- Medical tourism

- Leisure travel

- Sports tourism

- Cultural tourism

- Business travel

- Ecotourism

- Religious tourism

- Visiting and traveling to hometown

- Transit travel

*Based on the travel object

- Youth travel

- Travel for the elderly

- Women's travel, family,...

*Based on means of transportation KDL

- Travel by plane

- Travel by car, motorbike

- Travel by train

- Cruise tourism

- Travel by boat, raft,...

*Based on how the trip is organized:

- Group travel: Yes/No through a travel agency

- Personal travel: Yes/No through a travel agency

*Based on the geographical location of the destination:

-Mountain vacation

-Beach, river and lake vacations

-Countryside travel

-City tour…

- Tourism products

Tourism products are a combination of services and material means based on exploiting tourism potentials to provide tourists with an enjoyable time, a complete travel experience and satisfaction (Tourism Dictionary - German, Berlin Publishing House 1984).

Tourism products include tourism services, goods and facilities provided to tourists, which are created by the combination of natural factors, technical facilities and tourism labor in a certain region or locality.

Thus, tourism products include tangible (goods) and intangible (services) elements to provide to customers or it includes goods, services and facilities to serve tourists.

The characteristics of tourism products are:

– Intangibility: Tourism products are often an experience, so they are easily copied and imitated, and product differentiation is more difficult than selling goods.

– Simultaneous production and consumption: Because tourism products are located far from the tourist's place of residence, tourists often buy the product before seeing it.

– Heterogeneity: Customers find it difficult to check product quality before buying, making it difficult to choose a product.

1.1.3. The role of tourism in socio-economic development

- The role of tourism in socio-economics

Nowadays, most countries in the world identify tourism as one of the important economic sectors, contributing significantly and effectively to the economic, political, social, cultural development of the country. First of all, tourism actively participates in the process of creating national income, increasing the gross domestic product.

The development of tourism will lead to the development of other economic sectors, because tourism products are interdisciplinary, related to many other sectors in the economy. When a certain area becomes a tourist destination, tourists from everywhere will flock to it, causing the demand for all goods and services to increase significantly. Stemming from this demand of tourists, the tourism industry is constantly expanding its activities through interdisciplinary relationships in the economy, at the same time changing the industry structure in the national economy. Moreover, goods and materials for tourism are required to be of high quality, rich in variety, beautiful and attractive in form. Therefore, it requires businesses to invest in modern equipment, select and employ highly skilled workers, and constantly innovate, improve and develop goods. Therefore, the quality of products is increasingly improved.

Tourism is an economic sector that brings high profit margins because the investment capital in tourism is relatively small compared to heavy industries, the ability to recover capital is fast, and the technology is not complicated. Tourism is an export activity.

Exporting with the highest efficiency; considered as "on-the-spot export" of industrial goods, consumer goods, handicrafts, etc. at retail prices, not subject to trade tariffs with high efficiency. Not only is it an "on-the-spot export" industry, tourism is also an "invisible export" industry. These are natural landscapes, values of historical and cultural relics, uniqueness in traditions, customs, habits, etc. that are not lost with each sale, moreover, its value and reputation also increase with each time it is brought to the market, if the service quality is high. With these two forms of export, it shows that goods and services through tourism bring higher economic profits, due to significant savings in packaging costs, preservation and import and export taxes, with the ability to recover capital quickly and high interest rates.

For international tourism activities, tourism is also considered an important source of foreign currency revenue that helps improve the international balance of payments. International tourism is also a channel to attract foreign investment, through tourism trips investors will seek business opportunities, and tourism itself is also an attractive investment attraction field. International tourism contributes to strengthening and developing international economic relations, especially the development of tourism has been the main driving force in expanding international transport routes. Many countries have chosen tourism as a direction to open the economy such as Thailand, Singapore, ...

Within a country, tourism development also contributes to the balanced development of the regional structure of the economy; tourism activities disrupt the circulation of money and goods, regulate capital from developed economic regions to less developed economic regions, stimulate economic growth in remote areas, etc.

For society, tourism is considered an important industry that creates many jobs for society. Tourism contributes to solving employment for people.

population. According to statistics from the World Tourism Organization, tourism is an important job-creating industry worldwide (accounting for 10.7% of the total workforce). Every job in the tourism industry is estimated to create 2 jobs for other industries. The tourism industry also employs a lot more people than other industries, investment in tourism tends to create more jobs and faster than investment in other economic activities. Tourism reduces urbanization in developed countries, contributing to reducing stress in concentrated urban areas. Tourism development will increase the scientific and technical level of the tourism industry, through investment projects implemented, outdated equipment and technology are replaced. For latecomers, although capital and technology accumulation is low, they have the advantage of shortening time and minimizing risks when applying new technology, and improving the quality of tourism products. At the same time, when tourism develops, it will contribute to improving the management level and operational capacity of businesses.

Tourism development will expand and improve economic infrastructure such as public transport networks, electricity and water networks, mass media, etc., improving the general welfare of the whole society. In addition, tourism is a means of promoting the national image, promoting the economic, political, cultural, social achievements, people, customs and practices of a country very effectively.... An equally important factor is that tourism contributes to improving people's health and general understanding of society through communication and contact with tourists, learning and exploring other regions, countries, and increasing solidarity among people, between each country and nation.

- The role of tourism in politics

Tourism contributes to consolidating and expanding foreign relations, enhancing understanding of the country, people, national history and traditions, and

State management of tourism in Dong Hoi city, Quang Binh province - 3

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