Solutions on Forest Resource Use

Sustainable forest development according to the Resolution of the 17th Yen Bai Provincial Party Committee, by 2015, the coverage rate of the whole province will reach 63.5%. Of which:

+ In the period of 2013-2015, carry out the protection and reforestation of 18,979.1 hectares of land without forests as protection forests (3,674 hectares) and land without forests as production forests (15,305 hectares). Manage and protect the entire area of special-use forests, protection forests and existing planted forests.

+ In the period of 2016 - 2020, carry out new enclosure and planting of 5,696ha on production forest land, of which 939ha is on land with forest and 4,757ha is on land without forest. New enclosure and planting of 5,194ha on protection forest land. Manage and protect stably the entire area of special-use forest, protection forest and existing planted forest.

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* Special use forests

- The planned area of forests and special-use forest land by 2020 has no change in purpose of use compared to the current status in 2012, which is 20,108.20 hectares (natural forests 19,180.80 hectares and planted forests 927.40 hectares). Therefore, it needs to be strictly protected to avoid any impact that harms forest resources.

* Protective forest

- For existing natural forests and planted forests of 46,944.77 hectares (natural forests 31,884 hectares and planted forests 15,060.77 hectares): Need to be protected, avoiding all activities that are detrimental to resources (according to the Regulations on protection forest management).

- Carry out afforestation on the Ia grassland with an area of 1,640.56ha and the Ib shrubland with an area of 6,171.64ha in places with favorable conditions (low slope and altitude) and relatively concentrated. In places with rugged terrain, high mountains, far away, scattered, the vegetation is cogon grass or shrubs but has the ability to protect, limit erosion... in the immediate future, it is necessary to protect against forest fires and activities that harm the forest vegetation. Technical measures: Method

Planting, vegetation treatment, soil preparation, forest planting and care, etc. comply with the protective forest planting process of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

- For bare land with scattered trees (Ic) of about 785ha: Bare land areas Ic with a density of regenerated trees (N/ha) of over 1,000 trees, the number of promising regenerated trees (H>1m) accounting for over 50% of the existing regenerated trees, the regenerated composition is dominated by the target trees, then natural enclosure measures can be applied. Conversely, if the number of regenerated trees is not guaranteed, enclosure measures combined with additional planting can be applied. Bare land areas (Ib) in remote areas with difficult access and no possibility of afforestation, should be included in enclosure and conservation.

* Production forest

- Forest protection management: Natural forests and planted forests after the care period need to be well managed and protected. Particularly for natural forests, there should be specific regulations and protection contracts for forest owners, creating favorable conditions for forests to grow and develop better and better.

- Afforestation: Conducted on grassland (Ia) and shrub land (Ib); and post-exploitation afforestation. Select plants to suit business purposes and economic efficiency.

- Forest restoration: Applied to bare land with scattered trees (Ic). IC areas with regeneration density (N/ha) over 1,000 trees, the number of potential regeneration trees (H>1m) accounts for over 50% of the existing regeneration trees, the dominant composition is the target trees that can be applied with natural regeneration measures. Conversely, if the number of regenerated trees is not guaranteed, the combination of regeneration and additional planting measures can be applied.

3.2.6.3. Solutions on science and technology

a) Technically

- Apply, develop and perfect technical processes and regulations on afforestation, forest restoration, forest improvement, nurturing and enrichment, etc. to suit the natural conditions of each area in the district.

- Selecting plants suitable for different types of terrain, climate, and soil, growing quickly and having a short business cycle (such as hybrid acacia, tissue-grown eucalyptus, etc.) for intensive forest planting, shortening the business cycle to 7-8 years, making forestry a spearhead in the district's forestry economic structure.

- Enrich forests in sparse, poor quality forest areas by combining zoning and planting additional native plants with high economic value, increasing the value of forestry cultivation.

- Gradually replace poor quality trees with high economic value timber species that protect the ecological environment. Choose multi-purpose trees that not only provide timber, but also provide non-timber forest products, protect the environment, improve the land, etc.

- Strengthening seed management, perfecting forestry seed planning, converting seed forests from selected forest stands, prioritizing valuable native plants, specialty plants, etc. Developing geographical indications for seed forests to serve as a basis for providing qualified, quality seeds to the district, province and neighboring areas.

- Researching and creating new tree varieties, importing fast-growing, high-yielding tree varieties. Applying biotechnology and tissue culture technology to seed production, to ensure sufficient quantity and quality of seed sources to serve the forestation work in the coming period.

- Build permanent and temporary nurseries near the afforestation site to reduce the cost of transporting seedlings, focusing on 4-5 common species such as Pine, Acacia, Grease, etc. to ensure sufficient supply of seedlings for the afforestation season to reduce the cost of investment in afforestation.

- Selecting livelihood tree species in combination with main crop species to eliminate monoculture of annual trees that can cause soil loss and degradation on swidden fields to ensure sustainable and effective agroforestry cultivation, and to carry out forest development work well according to planning.

- Strengthening the application of technology in forest management, protection and development.

b) On forestry extension work

Attach importance to and promote forestry extension work, build a strong grassroots forestry extension force, focusing on the following stages:

- Sowing and nurturing seedlings, selecting seedlings on site to save transportation costs

Transplanting seedlings and improving the quality of plantations from well-growing seedlings.

- Provide guidance on basic silvicultural techniques to be applied to the stages of: Planting and tending forests for specific tree species in different ecological sub-regions, especially intensive forest planting techniques through annual training courses for individuals and groups of households participating in forestry production.

- Focus on building forestry economic models and household farms in the highlands. Build forestry extension models for types of protective forests combined with economic forests, economic forests combined with non-timber forest product development, etc.

- Invest in experimental planting of some new plant species and build models applying scientific and technological advances in production such as large timber tree models, intensive production forest farming models, etc.

3.2.6.4. Solutions on forest resource use

a) Forest exploitation

- All areas of planted forests reaching technological maturity, natural bamboo forests belonging to production forests are the objects put into exploitation to serve the socio-economic development needs of the district in the coming period.

- Develop technical guidelines for forest exploitation suitable for each subject according to the Forest Management Regulations, Timber and Forest Product Exploitation Regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

- Forest owners, based on the actual situation of their units, develop annual forest exploitation plans and reforestation plans after exploitation and report to competent authorities.

b) Forestry processing

To promote the advantages of the forest products processing industry, in the coming period it is necessary to solve

solve the following basic problems:

- Review and rearrange small and medium-sized processing facilities in the area to be proactive in managing raw materials, monitoring production and business activities, and limiting waste in the use of forest resources. Gradually invest in upgrading all wood and specialty forest processing facilities in the region with new and advanced equipment and technology to save raw materials, improve productivity, quality and reduce product costs, and at the same time invest in building 1-2 factories to process products such as laminated boards, MDF boards, high-end furniture, etc. on a large scale, with processing lines from raw materials to final consumer products to serve domestic and export needs.

- Invest in advanced technology for the processing industry, search for and expand the market for processed forest products. Encourage land accumulation to form concentrated raw material forest growing areas. At the same time, create conditions for the construction of large-scale processing facilities, based on the use of raw materials from planted forest wood and forest garden wood combined with the processing of other forest products to take advantage of and increase the value of forest products, contributing to promoting the forest regeneration movement.

- The management method of processing facilities needs to change, assigning a focal agency to monitor and inspect the situation of forest product processing to be able to grasp the supply and consumption of wood in the market, from which there is a plan to adjust economic forest planting accordingly.

2.3.6.5. Capital solutions

Investment capital is mobilized from the following sources:

- Central budget capital through national target programs, Resolution 30a/NQ-CP, Forest Protection and Development Program, integrated from other Project Programs such as: Program 135, credit capital for investment in developing pulp and paper raw material areas, etc.

- Capital mobilized from organizations, individuals, economic sectors at home and abroad.

- Equity in the people (including capital and idle labor).

2.3.6.6. Policy system solutions

a) Solutions on forest land allocation policy

Specify and perfect the policy of allocating land and forest to organizations, households and individuals to manage, plant, care for and protect forests. Encourage organizations, collectives and individuals to receive land and forest for protection, forest gardening and agroforestry production. Prioritize land allocation, allocation and contracting of protective forests to communities, cooperatives and households for long-term management, protection and benefit according to the planning and plans approved by competent authorities.

b) About benefit policy

- Develop policies on forest benefits to ensure benefits for forest growers, thereby encouraging people to participate in forest planting. (Implemented according to the policy in Decision No. 178/2001/QD-TTg dated November 12, 2001 of the Prime Minister on the rights to benefits and obligations of households and individuals assigned, leased, and contracted forests and forestry land).

- Encourage forest owners to plant production forests on the basis of implementing the State's investment support policy in Decision 147/2007/QD-TTg dated September 10, 2007 of the Prime Minister on a number of policies for developing production forests in the period 2007 - 2015.

- Implement preferential policies on loans and taxes for organizations and individuals investing in afforestation and forestry development (land rent tax should be reduced, simple procedures should be applied, preferential interest rates should be applied in credit loans for afforestation investment, capital and interest recovery should be done at the end of the business cycle...).

c) On forest conversion

Comply with the Law on Forest Protection and Development QH11 dated December 3, 2004; Decree No. 23/2006/ND-CP of the Government on the implementation of the Law on Forest Protection and Development; Decree No. 48/2007/ND-CP dated March 28, 2007 of the Government on principles and methods for determining forest prices; Circular No. 24/2009/TT-BNN dated May 5, 2009 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development guiding the conversion of protective forests and special-use forests into production forests planned as production forests into protective and special-use forests according to Directive No. 38/CT-TTg of the Prime Minister. Strictly comply with regulations on management, protection and conversion of forest use purposes in accordance with current regulations, in order to effectively implement the planning of 3 types of forests after adjustment, ensure effective forest use, and exploit the potential of forests and forest land in Mu Cang Chai district, Yen Bai province.

CONCLUSION, PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Conclusion

Through the investigation and general assessment of the natural, economic and social conditions of Mu Cang Chai district in recent years, it can be seen that: Mu Cang Chai is a mountainous district, especially difficult in Yen Bai province, people's lives still face many difficulties, the intellectual level of the people is still limited, the farming methods of the people are still backward (nearly 90% of the population are Mong people, living on high mountain slopes), the situation of deforestation and encroachment on forest land still occurs frequently. However, the potential for forestry development of the district is still very large, the area of land without forest is still large.

In fact, the planning work for forestry protection and development in the district still has many shortcomings. The planning of 3 types of forests has not been specified, and there are no clear boundaries. Deforestation, encroachment on forest land, and forest exploitation still occur frequently, etc.

Over the research period, the project has achieved its objectives and completed the set contents in accordance with the actual conditions of the locality. Based on the viewpoints and orientations of Vietnam's forestry development in the period of 2006 - 2020 as well as the viewpoints, objectives, orientations and tasks of forestry development of the province and district; the overall socio-economic development plan of the province and district; land use planning of the province and district; etc., along with the study of the characteristics of natural conditions, socio-economic conditions of the district, the results of the previous planning process, the current status of agricultural and forestry land use and the current status of forest resources and forest land. The project has planned 3 types of forests and proposed solutions to implement the planning. The planning of 3 types of forests: special-use forests, protection forests and production forests is very suitable to the actual conditions of the locality, thereby serving as the basis for detailed protection and development planning for each type of forest in an effective and sustainable direction.

The project has proposed measures for forest protection management, regeneration and reforestation for each type of forest. Based on the results of the current status investigation, documents of the Government and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development on the list of forestry species for

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