Requirements for Developing Sustainable Tourism Types

Medical facilities : medical facilities that serve medical tourism and provide additional services at tourist destinations.

Cultural information facilities for tourism aim to enhance and expand the cultural and social knowledge of tourists as well as help them feel comfortable during their vacation. These include cultural-information centers, cinemas, exhibition halls, clubs, theaters, etc.

Facilities providing additional services such as gas stations, first aid equipment, photo shops, post offices, etc. are additional conditions that help tourists make more thorough use of tourism resources, creating convenience when they travel and stay at tourist destinations.

1.1.8. Tourism promotion

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Promotion and marketing are always important activities for tourism development. Tourists cannot survey and check the attractions before buying, consumers come to the product and consume it right at the source. Therefore, it is necessary to have an investment plan, publish audio-visual publications such as CDs, ROMs, VCDs, books, newspapers, pictures... to promote and introduce the history of cultural relics, scenic spots, tourism potential to attract the attention of tourists.

Tourism promotion should focus on providing clear and accurate information on practical issues such as prices, transportation, food, accommodation and visa requirements to increase visitor satisfaction, enhance their understanding, appreciation and respect for local culture and environment. Incomplete and inaccurate information will create misunderstanding and frustration for visitors. This can lead to criticism and intolerance of the local community and sometimes the entire tourism product.

1.2. Requirements for developing sustainable tourism types

Sustainable tourism development requires a comprehensive and harmonious approach and implementation of the following requirements:

 Ecosystem : Tourism development must pay attention to maintaining life support systems (land, water, air and trees), protecting the diversity and stability of ecosystems and types. Infrastructure and technical facilities must be designed and organized in accordance with gender.

environmental limits. The environment changes over space and time, tourism development must be suitable to environmental conditions in each different region.

 Efficiency : Using capital and labor resources effectively in tourism business. Efficiency is related to the evaluation of forms, measures of costs, time, and benefits of individuals and society obtained through tourism activities. This requires appropriate scale and stability of tourism markets.

 Equity : Equality and recognition of individual, family, social group needs, between present and future generations, between humans and nature.

 Cultural identity : Protect and maintain the quality of life, distinctive cultural traditions such as religion, arts and institutions. Tourism must enhance cultural protection through cultural tourism policies.

 Community : Local communities participate in the tourism process directly or indirectly through tourism business investment activities and other related activities such as industry, handicrafts, agriculture...

 Balance : Tourism development must create a connection, balance and harmony between economy and environment, between agriculture and tourism, between interdisciplinary tourism types to create a comprehensive effect.

 Development : Exploiting potentials increases the ability to improve the quality of life. Growth is the result of development, but it does not mean the complete exploitation and destruction of the environment.

1.3. Principles to ensure sustainable tourism development

According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism development needs to ensure the principles

after:

- Use environmental resources optimally, maintain essential ecological processes and support the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity.

- Respect the socio-cultural identity of the communities in the destinations, preserve their cultural heritage and traditional values in their lives and participate in the process of understanding and accepting other cultures.

- Ensure long-term economic activities, bring economic and social benefits, distribute fairly and reasonably to all members and contribute to poverty reduction for the communities where tourists come.

- Sustainable tourism development requires information to enable all stakeholders to participate, and strong political leadership to ensure their participation and buy-in. Sustainable tourism is an ongoing process, requiring constant monitoring of impacts, taking precautions and making adjustments wherever necessary.

- Sustainable tourism needs to consistently maintain high levels of tourist satisfaction, ensure meaningful activities for tourists, and raise their awareness of sustainability issues.

1.4. Signs of sustainable tourism development

1.4.1. Number of protected tourist areas and spots

The number of areas and spots included in the list of protected and restored areas is considered one of the criteria for assessing the sustainable development of the tourism industry. The more areas and spots of tourism that are preserved and restored in a region or country, the closer that country's tourism development strategy is to the goal of sustainable development.

1.4.2. Pressure on the environment at tourist destinations

Managing the pressures of tourism on the environment involves defining acceptable limits of environmental change. The more rigorous the implementation of environmental impact assessment procedures, the more effective the implementation of sustainable development.

1.4.3.Intensity of activities at tourist attractions

Sustainable tourism development must ensure that the intensity of tourism activities at tourist destinations is determined so as not to exceed environmental standards, energy consumption and "carrying capacity". Limiting the number of visitors in a development cycle is an important and necessary issue, which will help maintain and protect biodiversity, ensuring adequate energy supply to serve both community life and tourist needs.

1.4.4. Social impacts from tourism activities

The impacts of tourism activities are reflected in two aspects: impacts on social life and impacts on the cultural environment. One of the impacts of tourism activities on social life is the crime rate per tourist. The increase in the number of tourists is one of the causes of social crimes such as pickpocketing, robbery, prostitution, drugs, etc. The measures on administrative penalties and social security issued are a measure of the sustainability of the social impacts of tourism activities.

1.4.5.Planning implementation process

The planning and implementation of tourism planning projects play an important role. In a tourist area, the existence of a seriously organized and implemented planning project will be an important foundation for maintaining the architectural sustainability of a tourist destination.

1.4.6. Tourist satisfaction with the local community

The assessment of the satisfaction level of local people and tourists is the basis for assessing the implementation of sustainable development content. To ensure the implementation of this content, the tourism industry needs to conduct surveys and interviews with tourists and local communities. The results of the survey and research are the basis and accurate basis for assessing the sustainable development potential of tourism activities.

1.4.7. The level of contribution of tourism to the development of the local economy

A tourism development project that is formed will be the premise for attracting domestic and international investment capital through infrastructure development projects, conservation and restoration projects of resources, investment projects for education, tourism development must ensure promoting economic development of localities where tourism activities take place.

1.4.8.Training human resources for tourism in a sustainable direction

Training a team of tourism service staff in a sustainable professional direction, in addition to good professional skills, good communication skills, through foreign languages, it is necessary to equip knowledge of ecology, environmental management, environmental law and a system of extensive social knowledge. In terms of technology, training a team of industry staff to become

Experts from various fields understand ecological relationships and can help people, especially tourists, to make better use of resources.

1.4.9.Improving responsibility in tourism promotion and propaganda work

For sustainable tourism development, propaganda and promotion activities are important. Increasing responsibility in propaganda work for both tourists and local communities will contribute to limiting negative impacts on tourists' psychology when participating in tourism trips as well as creating a more comfortable mentality for local communities to boldly participate in tourism business.

1.5. Overview of the development of some types of sustainable tourism in some countries in the world and Vietnam

Choosing to develop sustainable tourism is a direction that many tourist areas are choosing. Developing sustainable tourism will depend on local environmental conditions and specific development requirements of that area. Popular types of sustainable tourism today are community-based tourism, tourism for the poor, ecotourism, urban green tourism... In short, all of the above types of tourism aim to reduce harmful impacts on the natural environment and socio-cultural environment while helping to create income and jobs for the locality. However, the level of success depends on many objective and subjective factors, so we can draw some experiences on the effective use of models.

1.5.1. Experiences of countries around the world in developing sustainable tourism

In the spirit of Agenda 21 on Tourism, many countries in the world have developed and issued policies and strategies on sustainable tourism development to ensure the long-term development of the tourism industry. The commitments of governments on environmental protection and sustainable tourism development have affirmed the high concern of countries on the environment, resources and survival of the tourism industry.

In Thailand, the government and relevant agencies have launched a movement to develop eco-tourism, linking tourism with the protection of the environment, landscape and traditional values of the country. The government calls on rural villages to maintain their pristine beauty, protect trees and reduce noise. Old houses and traditional architecture are required to be protected, and resorts and tourist sites are increasingly populated with houses.

thatched cottages and wooden houses were built instead of high-rise buildings and expensive Western-style hotels. The beaches were kept clean, and the resorts were designed to be as faithful to Thai cultural traditions as possible. The appeal of Thailand lies in its unique cultural characteristics, not in its hybridization of Western European cultures.

In Malaysia, the “homestay” tourism type attracts tourists who are passionate about exploring and want to experience life. This type of tourism is carried out in 5 villages: Desa murni Sangang, Desa murni Sonsang, Desa murni Kerdau, Desa nurni Ketam, Deasa murni Perangap. These are villages about 90 minutes by car from the center of Kuala Lumpur. The main purpose of the tourism program is to help tourists interact, exchange and directly participate in the daily life of the indigenous community, in order to create conditions to maintain and promote traditional cultural identity, contributing to improving the living standards of local people. Here, visitors can directly participate in the traditional wedding ceremony of the indigenous people as a witness or a master of ceremonies, participate in outdoor activities such as fishing, camping, participate in traditional games of the indigenous people or participate in the preparation of ethnic dishes. In short, developing sustainable tourism must satisfy the following principles: Meeting the needs of the local community in improving living standards in the near and distant future; Satisfying the needs of the increasing number of tourists and continuing attractive activities; Protecting and preserving the natural, cultural and social environment.

1.5.2.Some lessons on the ineffective exploitation of some types of tourism

Sex tour tourism in Thailand: Thailand is a typical country in the region that has long accepted sex tours as a legal form of tourism. Thai society accepts the phenomenon of prostitution and concubinage. The AIDS epidemic has spread throughout Thailand and is often associated with prostitution and drug activities. Sex tour business has caused difficulties for the Thai government. Sex tours are an attractive form of tourism, a source of high foreign exchange earnings, but have also pushed Thailand into a series of social problems, the Thai tourism industry has lost its beautiful image, Thailand is known to the world as the sex capital of Asia, which is something that the Thai tourism industry needs a very long time to recover, the Thai government has spent many years to resolve the economic - political - social consequences.

1.5.3. The formation and development of some types of tourism in Vietnam

Vietnam is a country located in Southeast Asia with a population of over 86 million people on a total natural area of 329,650 km 2. The unique beauty and diversity of natural landscapes, the special value of biodiversity of some tropical primeval forests, the heroic historical tradition of fighting foreign invaders, the rich and unique culture, openness and hospitality have created attractiveness for foreign tourists.

Despite the potential, for a long time before the renovation, very few tourists came to Vietnam, and the tourism industry made a modest contribution to the total economy. Everything has changed since our country carried out economic reforms and developed according to a market mechanism with State guidance. Tourists and tourism revenue have increased rapidly, and tourism development has had a strong impact on the shift in economic and labor structure, contributing to hunger eradication and poverty reduction in many localities across the country.

Nowadays, tourism has truly become a “smokeless industry”. Most localities focus on exploiting the potential to develop tourism by diversifying tourism products, types of tourism, attracting domestic and foreign visitors. However, the haphazard and unplanned construction of tourism types, the increase in garbage and waste, and the destruction of corals for construction materials have reduced the quality of the tourism environment. Many environmental experts believe that Vietnam tourism is facing serious pollution problems, especially marine tourism, mangrove ecosystem tourism in coastal swamps and coral ecosystems. Many tourism businesses, because they focus too much on immediate economic benefits, have unreasonably exploited local tourism resources. In some tourist destinations, the unique indigenous culture of local people is more or less damaged when suddenly opening up to tourists without adequate preparation.

CHAPTER 2 : POTENTIAL AND CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM TYPES IN PHU QUOC ISLAND DISTRICT, KIEN GIANG PROVINCE IN A SUSTAINABLE

2.1. Overview of Phu Quoc island district

Phu Quoc island district consists of 40 ( 2) large and small islands (including: Tho Chau including 8 islands)

1,395 ha; Hon Thom consists of 18 islands of 749 ha; Ganh Dau consists of 5 islands of 5 ha; Bai Thom 7 islands of 47 ha; Cua Can 1 island of 0.3 ha) with a total area of 58,922 ha, of which Phu Quoc island with an area of 56,726 ha accounts for 96.3% of the total natural area. Phu Quoc island with coordinates 9 0 45' - 10 0 28' North latitude; 103 0 55' - 104 0 05' East longitude belongs to the Southwest sea of our country. The widest distance is 25 km and the longest place is 50 km, the island has 99 mountains with the highest mountain at an altitude of 603m.

Phu Quoc is divided into 8 communes and 2 towns, of which the capital is Duong Dong town located in the Northwest of the island. If calculating the distance to the urban centers of Southeast Asian countries, this is the closest point compared to any location in Vietnam: 3km from the nearest point in Cambodia; About 500km from Thailand's tourist industrial zone; 700km from Eastern Malaysia; 1,000km from Singapore. In particular, when the Kra Canal is put into use, Phu Quoc will become an important international maritime cargo exchange hub. Thus, welcoming international tourist ships to stop by and combining tours in neighboring countries will help Phu Quoc have many competitive advantages for tourism development.

In addition, with the geographical location of the island, Phu Quoc has formed and developed suitable ecosystems such as: Coastal mangrove forests; Primitive forests on the island and especially unique marine ecosystems such as: Coral reefs and rich seagrass beds are home to a variety of marine life, including rare species such as dugongs, dolphins... with extremely important economic and ecological value and that is also an attractive resource for the island's tourism industry.

 Regarding nature and natural resources : In addition to its favorable location for international maritime exchanges, Phu Quoc also has beautiful, poetic and mysterious scenery: The island has 99 mountains, the highest peak is Chua Mountain (565 m), followed by Go Quao Mountain (478 m), Ong Thay Mountain (438 m), Da Bac Mountain (448 m and 365 m)... The largest mountain range is Ham Ninh range running along the northeastern coast of the island. The diversity of terrain creates many beautiful and attractive landscapes such as Khe

(2) Dr. Nguyen Xuan Niem, "Marine Biosphere Reserve"

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