Psychological Characteristics of Teenagers (18-22 Years Old).

Assessment according to Decision 72 will continue until July 1, 2020, except for self-assessment and external assessment registration with the education quality assessment organization, which can only be carried out until the effective date of this circular. [14], [22] 1.4. Psychological characteristics of students (18-22 years old). [[

1.4.1.Physical characteristics.

- Skeletal system: Continues to ossify until the age of 24 - 25 to complete, muscles increase in mass and reach 43 - 44% of total body weight. Ossification of the skeleton means that the length growth has stopped. This process occurs because the membranes of the bones are thickened and cover the cartilage.

- Nervous system: Fully developed, the ability to think, analyze, synthesize and abstract is developed favorably, creating good conditions for the formation of conditioned reflexes. In addition, due to the strong activity of the thyroid gland, gonads, and pituitary gland, the excitement process of the nervous system is dominant. The imbalance between excitement and inhibition affects physical activity, so appropriate exercises must be used.

- Muscular system: Particularly for muscles, large muscles develop quickly (thigh muscles) and flexor muscles develop earlier than extensor muscles. Therefore, using exercises to develop strength and endurance is reasonable, but the exercises must ensure the principle of being moderate and ensuring for all types of muscles.

- Circulatory system: Fully developed, male pulse is about 70 - 75 times/minute and female pulse is about 75 - 80 times/minute. After exercise, pulse and blood pressure recover relatively quickly, so it is suitable for exercises with relatively high intensity.

- Respiratory system: Completed, average chest circumference of men is 75-80cm and women is 80-85cm, lung contact area is about 120-150cm 2 , lung capacity is about 4-5 liters, respiratory frequency is 10-20 times/minute. Therefore, practice the exercises to develop

Developing strength and speed is very appropriate for this age group.

- In short: This is the most favorable stage for perfecting physical qualities. Because muscle strength and endurance have been greatly developed, the ability to coordinate movements has improved significantly. Therefore, at this age, all exercises using strength and endurance can be applied, and all sports can be practiced and competed very well.

The issue of endurance education at this age is particularly favorable because the heart and blood vessels have reached the standard level, the heart's activity is stable, the nervous system is fully developed. The second signal system has reached a complete level, the internal and external languages are very rich. While the nervous system is fully developed, the intracellular structure of the brain becomes much more complex than in the previous period, the number of synaptic fibers increases, the processes of excitation and inhibition as well as the connection between them are perfected.

All of these create favorable conditions for us to apply training methods and means to educate physical qualities. The development of physical qualities according to age, the process of formation and development of physical qualities always have a close relationship with the formation of motor skills and the level of development of organs and muscular systems of the body.[28 ]

1.4.2.Psychological characteristics.

Youth has psychological characteristics different from other ages. Youth is the period of personality formation. In the eyes of educators, this age is the age of dedication, the age of preparing to become masters of the country, the age when history and society will entrust them with heavy tasks. Therefore, they are valuable assets of society. In terms of psychology, at any age in psychological life, there are strengths and weaknesses. To do the work of training and educating youth to become new socialist people, we must learn some psychological characteristics of youth such as:

- Characteristics of cognitive ability: Complete development of structure

and the function of the nervous system and senses, the enrichment of knowledge and experience, the increasing demands of learning, working, and social work activities have helped the cognitive activities of young people to have new developments in sensation, perception, memory, attention, thinking ability, and imagination.

- Some basic characteristics of intellectual development :

+ Young people tend to delve into the nature of things and phenomena.

+ Young people often ask the question “Why?” and often doubt the completeness and correctness of explanations (scientific skepticism).

+ Youth active thinking and independence:

+ Young people think independently, have the ability to generalize, and like to search for the laws and principles behind everyday phenomena.

+ Selectivity of intelligence: Only choose and use intellectual qualities that are meaningful and have creative value.

+ The tendency to develop intelligence is closely related to creative ability.

create.

- Credit characteristics :

+ Personality is a relatively stable characteristic in youth.

expresses attitudes towards reality and is expressed through behavior.

+ Young people have good will and their will is in the stage of development. This is expressed in determination, not afraid of hardship, not afraid of sacrifice, self-sacrifice for responsibility. This is a prominent characteristic of youth, that characteristic is expressed in an uncompromising fighting attitude, daring to think, daring to do, persistently enduring, striving to overcome all difficulties to affirm one's strength and role.

+ Today's youth are confident, independent, self-respecting, self-respecting, and honorable. They understand the value and role of youth in society, they want equal treatment and respect for people. They hate contempt, unfair treatment, patriarchal behavior, and bureaucratic attitudes.

- Young people are too confident in themselves and want to make their own decisions because they are self-respecting, self-reliant, and independent. However, due to lack of life experience, their decisions are not always correct. Therefore, young people need intelligent and confidential guidance from their predecessors.

- Youth develops the most precious characteristic, which is perseverance and patience, this virtue is expressed in the desire to achieve and know how to complete the task. That is the emotion, motivation, capacity, will, moral quality, sense of responsibility of the youth. Youth also has the virtue of honesty, frankness, boldness, diligence, simplicity. Youth inherently has patriotism, love for the social system and the will to realize their own life. That is why they are willing to sacrifice to protect the Fatherland, to protect their future happiness.[55 ]

1.4.3. Characteristics of developing students' physical factors

Developing physical qualities is one of the two basic and outstanding characteristics of the physical education process. In the theory and method of physical education, physical qualities (motor qualities) are relatively distinct characteristics in human physical strength and are often divided into five basic types: Strength, speed, endurance, motor coordination and flexibility.

Power

Strength depends on the motor system because it is closely related to bone, muscle, ligament, muscle control and regulation. In adulthood, the development of muscle groups is uneven, so the strength ratio of muscle groups also changes with age. Meanwhile, the strength of the extensor muscle groups is more developed than the contractile muscle groups, and the muscles that work a lot will develop.

Muscle strength develops faster than inactive muscles. At the age of 18-21, muscle strength develops at a high rate and has a sudden nature.

Quick power

Speed is a motor quality characterized by reaction latency, movement frequency and individual movement speed. In physical activity, speed is expressed in a comprehensive way. The speed of individual movements changes significantly during development.

Endurance

Endurance develops at its peak at 21-22 years old. Endurance is closely related to the function of the circulatory and respiratory systems and the body's ability to stabilize itself. Endurance qualities also change significantly in physical activity and motivation. Aerobic endurance develops strongly at the age of 18-22, while anaerobic endurance develops strongly at the age of 12-17.

Motor coordination

Demonstrates the ability to control the physical, spatial and temporal elements of movement. One of the important elements is precise orientation in space. This ability is most developed at the age of 7-10 years old, from 10-12 years old this ability is stable and at the age of 14-15 it decreases, by 16-17 years old the ability to orient in space will reach the adult level.

Flexibility

Flexibility is the angle of movement of the joints of the human body, it is the ability to stretch the ligaments and muscles. Flexibility does not develop evenly with age. The flexibility of the spine in boys aged 7-14 increases significantly and reaches its maximum at the age of 15. It develops more slowly as they grow older. Flexibility develops most at the age of 12-13, the hip joint amplitude is the largest at the age of 7-10, and then develops more slowly.

The development of physical qualities for students through studying the program of elective sports, helps students form

skills, motor skills, comprehensive physical development, stimulating the activity of organs in the body, eliminating toxins from the body, enhancing resistance and reducing disease. [27 ]

1.5.Introduction to the Central Pedagogical College of Na Tran [71] 1.5.1.The process of developing the research team.

Nha Trang Central Pedagogical College is a unit under the Ministry of Education and Training, established on September 26, 1987, formerly known as Central Child-rearing High School 3 according to Decision No. 761/QD, dated September 26, 1987.

- On October 1, 1991, the name was changed to Central 2 Kindergarten and Nursery High School according to Decision No. 2571/KHTV.

- On July 24, 1996, upgraded to Central Kindergarten - Nursery College 2 according to Decision No. 477/TTg.

- On January 19, 2007, the name was changed to Central College of Education - Nha Trang according to Decision No. 350/QD-BGDDT.

The school currently has 08 functional departments, 04 professional training faculties and 04 affiliated units; the total number of staff, teachers and employees is 154 people, including 76 teachers; the professional qualifications of the university teaching staff reach 59.21%.

The school is responsible for training and fostering teachers at college and intermediate levels. There are 06 pedagogical majors: GDMN, GDDB, GDTC, SPAN, SPMT, SPTA; 03 non-pedagogical majors: Vietnamese Studies (HDDL), QTVP and TKĐH; enrollment scope is nationwide. However, from the 2018-2019 school year, due to difficulties in enrolling in GDTC, SPAN, SPMT, SPTA and non-pedagogical majors, the school only enrolls in the Preschool Education major with about 700 quotas each year.

The current training scale of all systems of the School is about 2,500 students; the land area used by the School is nearly 10 hectares, including a preschool practice facility of over 0.5 hectares. The School has a full system of lecture halls, libraries, modern equipment for teaching and learning, Internet connection; has

05 dormitories with capacity from 1,600 to 1,900 boarding students; 01 multi-purpose gymnasium...

In nearly 30 years of construction and development, the School has achieved many outstanding achievements in training, scientific research and international cooperation. Up to now, more than 25,000 students of all levels have graduated; more than 50 scientific research topics and 11 ministerial-level projects have been accepted; 01 course of Laotian students has been trained at the school; cooperated with Commission II and the Dutch medical organization to support the education of children with disabilities; established a joint venture with Keimyung University - Korea, Dong-Kham-Xang Pedagogical School (Laos); regularly invited foreign experts to teach and provide specialized training at the school for staff and teachers... Students trained by the School are always highly appreciated by educational institutions for their professional quality. The School is a reliable and prestigious training address in the Central and Central Highlands regions.

The school has achieved many achievements in emulation and awards. The school has been awarded the First Class Labor Medal (2011), Second Class (2002), Third Class (1997) by the State; Certificate of Merit from the Prime Minister (2007); Many Certificates of Merit from the Ministry of Education and Training and the People's Committee of Khanh Hoa province.

The future development direction of the School is: Promoting existing traditions, maintaining stability and developing training scale; promoting scientific research and international cooperation; doing a good job of preparing staff and facilities; expanding international cooperation and exchange, taking advantage of external training support sources to develop staff and teachers; contributing to the rapid and sustainable development of the School.

1.5.2. Physical Education work at Na Tran Central College of Education

The Central College of Education - Nha Trang currently has a Physical Education department. In which, the Physical Education department carries out the teaching of Physical Education for students of the whole school to educate morality, train collective spirit, and sense of organization.

Discipline, healthy lifestyle, building confidence, maintaining and strengthening health for students, participating in extracurricular sports activities, ensuring physical training standards according to regulations of the Ministry of Education and Training.

Curriculum content of Physical Education subject: The Physical Education subject program of Nha Trang Central Pedagogical College is implemented in 3 semesters, each semester is 30 periods (1 credit); In which: Physical Education 1: Jumping rope and Aerobics; Physical Education 2: Athletics; Physical Education 3: Badminton and volleyball.

Reality of the team of teachers teaching Civic Education

The school's teaching staff of Physical Education all graduated in the right major, including 08 lecturers with Master's degrees and 01 PhD student. The lecturers are evenly distributed according to training majors such as: athletics, football, volleyball, physical education, basketball, badminton... This is a great potential for teaching, training the school's representative teams or developing movements, conducting scientific research to contribute to improving the quality of Physical Education.

The results of the study showed that the school's facilities are adequate, with some newly equipped items such as a multi-purpose gymnasium and a table tennis room. However, the gymnasium, volleyball court, and outdoor athletics field are now seriously degraded, affecting the safety and hygiene of learning.

Version 1.1: Actual status of facilities, stadium

STT

Billiards court	Number of turns	Take off
1	Multi-purpose sports training facility	1	Good
2	Gymnastics Practitioner	1	Rather
3	Table tennis gym	1	Good
4	Athletics training ground	1	Least

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