Originating from the psychological characteristics of high school students

The current innovation trend. Because different from in-class teaching, through the activity, students can "get closer to the event", directly observe the relics, experience the atmosphere of the event, directly express their thoughts, feelings and gratitude to the heroic martyrs... The liveliness, richness, attractiveness and excitement of the activity are always direct factors that create emotions, feelings, beliefs, important foundations that contribute to the formation of morality and personality, good thoughts and feelings for the young generation.

Although History is a subject that plays a great role in educating the younger generation, in reality, it is not really taken seriously. According to the History program distribution issued by the Ministry of Education and Training and currently in use, the time allocated for History is still limited. At high school level: History is only arranged from 1.5 to 2 periods/week (for both standard and advanced programs). That is a very small number of periods compared to the large amount of knowledge that needs to be provided to students. In our opinion, in such a situation, innovating teaching activities is one of the necessary solutions, both short-term and long-term, to overcome that inadequacy.

2.1.2.3. Based on the psychological characteristics of high school students

One of the very important characteristics of students in general, high school students in particular, is to like new things, to be sensitive to new things. This requirement is increasingly high and becomes an increasingly urgent need in the current strong development trend of science and technology. In fact, teaching, students are always interested in dynamic, attractive lessons, with the participation of modern teaching aids, on the contrary, they are always bored with dry, theoretical, academic lessons, with old methods, repeated many times.

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With such cognitive and psychological characteristics of the age, learning activities in general and the innovation of historical learning activities in particular, are one of the contents that are very suitable for the interests of high school students. Because when coming to the innovation of learning activities, students will directly come to the path of vivid visual perception. There, they not only perceive history through books, no longer have to be confined within the four walls of the classroom, but are immersed in real life, in contact with heritage and relics. Also there, students not only have to listen but also do, perceive through their own activities, interact and integrate with friends, play to learn, learn through play. There, students still have to listen and be heard, but those are

The sound of life is the sound of history. Students will be immersed in "scientific adventures", to visit distant historical sites such as the Pyramids, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, to the vestiges of the great patriotic war of the Soviet people, to the Dong Loc T-junction, the Quang Tri Citadel, the Truong Son Martyrs' Cemetery, the Cu Chi Tunnels, the legendary Ho Chi Minh Trail, etc. It can be said that the new learning activities and the innovation of the new learning activities will expand the internal history lesson in both space and time and overcome the limitations and objective difficulties of the internal history lesson. Along with the general innovations in the current learning activities, the new learning activities and the innovation of the new learning activities will bring students a new, lively and attractive atmosphere in the current learning activities. This is very suitable for the needs and psychological conditions of high school students. This is also one of our important starting points in the process of researching and orienting this important research project.

2.1.2.4. Originating from the current requirements of educational and training innovation

On November 4, 2013, the 8th Conference of the Party Central Committee, 11th tenure issued Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW on fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training, meeting the requirements of industrialization and modernization in the context of a socialist-oriented market economy and international integration. The Resolution pointed out the great achievements of education and training in recent times, at the same time pointed out the challenges in education and training activities, and proposed viewpoints, goals, tasks and solutions for innovation of education and training.

In the current period, with the development of the integration trend and the 4.0 revolution, the innovation of education and training is extremely necessary. Academic education must give way to applied education, education associated with practice. The cause of industrialization and modernization of the country has made our society change every day, every hour. In response to that requirement, education and training must inevitably demonstrate and meet the role of "top national policy" in the cause of innovation. And accordingly, teaching and learning activities in general, DHLS in particular, including HĐNK, certainly cannot be outside the revolutionary innovation process. This is also one of the important bases that has urged us to research this important issue, with the hope that the success of the topic will contribute a voice, a

Useful suggestions on the path of exploration and creativity, to contribute to innovation and improvement of teaching quality in general, and DHLS in particular in high schools today.

2.1.3. The role and significance of innovation in extracurricular activities in history teaching in high schools

2.1.3.1. Role

Firstly , as one of the main forms of teaching organization, teaching and learning activities play a great role and have a strong impact on the innovation of teaching methods, as well as actively and directly contributing to the implementation of teaching and learning goals according to the requirements of innovation. The cause of education and training innovation in general, and the innovation of teaching and learning activities in particular, certainly cannot be successful without innovations in teaching and learning activities. And conversely, with its own characteristics and advantages, innovation in teaching and learning activities will be one of the important and inevitable factors in the overall success of the innovation cause.

Second, organizing learning activities is a measure to implement the educational principle of our Party: learning goes hand in hand with practice, theory is closely linked to school practice and social life, contributing to the innovation of teaching methods in general and the DHLS method in particular. It can be said that, along with innovation in education and history education in general, innovation of learning activities in DHLS is a concrete demonstration of the implementation of Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW of the 8th Conference of the Central Executive Committee of the Party, term XI on fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training, meeting the requirements of industrialization and modernization today. Because through extracurricular activities, students have practical experience, expand their knowledge, form practical working skills, create conditions for them to develop into global citizens, citizens who meet the requirements of building and developing the country in the new period, citizens who not only have solid knowledge but also have the necessary skills to survive and develop in the new society, and those skills are partly formed from extracurricular activities, including extracurricular activities in History. Especially at a time when studying History is becoming alarming as it is today.

Third, innovating the History subject's teaching activities is also a part of innovating the DHLS method. Society is posing many challenges to the History subject when the quality of teaching the subject is still facing many shortcomings. One of the reasons pointed out is that, besides the advantages, the process of teaching and learning history also

There are many limitations, such as being too general, too theoretical, sometimes dry, boring and lacking practicality, etc. In that situation, with the characteristics and advantages of a form of "open teaching", teaching associated with practice and through practice, historical learning activities will play an important role in overcoming the above limitations and will contribute positively to the success of the process of innovation of DHLS in particular and the current innovation of education and training in general.

2.1.3.2. Meaning

With such a great role, innovation of teaching and learning activities in the curriculum has important significance for students in all three contents of the teaching objectives:

a. About knowledge

The History subject's extracurricular activities will contribute to fostering, deepening, enriching and comprehensively enriching the historical knowledge that students have acquired in regular classes. The knowledge of extracurricular activities is an extension of the knowledge of regular activities, especially emphasizing the practicality, experience and self-awareness of students in acquiring new knowledge in society. For students with special talents for the History subject, the knowledge that students need to acquire can be more advanced and comprehensive to develop their talents.

For example: When we organize a contest to learn about "The historic victory of Dien Bien Phu - 50 years in review" for high school students, through the contest, students will have the opportunity to search and collect documents related to the historic Dien Bien Phu campaign. From there, expand the knowledge in the textbooks that they have learned. Students can see that the historic victory of Dien Bien Phu is an important milestone in the development process not only of Vietnamese history but also of world history. However, with the limited time in the main course, teachers cannot provide all the outstanding content of the Dien Bien Phu campaign so that students can see the ingenuity in the military command of our Party. Therefore, when implementing the research activity, it is a measure for students to learn on their own based on the teacher's guidance on issues surrounding the Dien Bien Phu victory such as the context, military art, fighting stories, the significance of the victory, etc.

Or when organizing the Gala "President Ho Chi Minh with his hometown Nghe An" for 12th grade students, Nam Dan 1 High School. From this activity, students will be supplemented and have a deeper understanding of knowledge related to leader Ho Chi Minh in relation to his hometown Nghe An, especially the influence of his hometown in contributing to creating

Therefore, Ho Chi Minh's ideological values are an important basis for implementing future educational goals.

b . About attitude

Innovation in HĐNK will contribute to innovation and improvement of education quality in DHLS in current general schools.

For the subject of History, learning activities are an opportunity for students to be exposed to a wealth of knowledge in the subject that they still have difficulty and limitations in learning in class. Innovating learning activities will form in students new perceptions about the method of approaching and acquiring historical knowledge, which is to form in them an attitude of not being satisfied with existing knowledge, to always aim for new things, contributing to fostering a positive attitude and stimulating their interest in learning history. Because students will feel that the knowledge they acquire in the learning process at school will be very limited, compared to the rich and extensive knowledge they gain when participating in learning activities.

From the practice of learning and innovation of learning, students will be more aware of the values of the past, the traditions of the country and homeland, thereby being more responsible for life, shaping their own values, to live better, more worthy of the glorious past of the country and homeland. Learning activities will shape students' correct attitudes towards life's problems or when facing similar problems in life. Know how to create excitement; Know how to perceive and evaluate the beauty in life; Know how to attach oneself to collective activities and have a sense of responsibility for one's own behavior in collective activities. Know how to evaluate, know how to express thoughts and feelings towards each historical event that has happened and is happening and self-adjust thoughts and behaviors to improve oneself and towards improving one's personality more and more. Learning activities and innovation of learning activities also contribute to reducing the moral weakness of students. Because HĐNK is also an interesting playground with many diverse forms, thereby helping children reduce their participation in unhealthy activities. HĐNK is an important way to form and develop students' personalities, contributing to improving the quality of education, meeting the requirements of innovation so that Vietnam can integrate with regional and world education.

For example : Through letting students renovate the Nghe Tinh Soviet relic site, with images of the painful past, images of the bombing

The massacre of French colonialists on September 12, 1930, will form in students an attitude of respect for the relic site, for history, for the homeland, forming hatred for the colonial and feudal regimes, gratitude to the heroic martyrs who sacrificed for the independence and freedom of the nation.

Through the activities, students will have the opportunity to practice their qualities, personalities, talents and personal career orientations; through collective activities, relationships between people and nature and the living environment will be formed, creating conditions for good integration into social life. At the same time, the activities also contribute to mobilizing social forces to participate in the education of students, promoting the strength of the whole society in the process of training the young generation.

c. About skills

Learning activities and innovation of history learning activities are carried out in many different forms to develop specialized learning skills of the History subject. First of all, innovation of history learning activities contributes to consolidating the skills that have been formed from the main curriculum such as independent learning skills, cooperative learning skills, general skills for learning activities (learning planning; organizing implementation, problem solving, self-control and competition); life skills (communication, integration, adaptation to difficult circumstances...), as well as subject practice skills.

Training and developing key competencies such as self-improvement, adaptability, communication, behavior, political and social activities, cooperation and healthy competition, organization and management, expressing opinions in front of the group, etc.; In which, basic competencies such as autonomy and self-study, communication and cooperation, problem-solving and creativity will be formed and developed. In addition, when participating in extracurricular activities, students are exposed to a new environment, can work with new people, new relationships in the learning process is an opportunity to develop latent competencies in students, through which it is also an opportunity for teachers to better understand students in the teaching process.

In order to better develop skills in extracurricular activities, teachers need to know how to apply integration in innovation of extracurricular forms. Now, each extracurricular activity is not just one form but interwoven with many forms, only then can students comprehensively develop skills for themselves, better serve their own development and contribute to the development of society.

For example: In the experimental part, we organize a field trip to the Military Region 4 Museum. Through that, students will develop their thinking skills such as recreating events, phenomena, characters, identifying the relationship between historical events, analytical skills, evaluation, subject practice, and self-study skills for students. Create a fun, friendly learning space, exchange between students, promote positivity, confidence, creativity, independence, improve awareness, and learning level of students. Contribute to the development of subject capacity: Ability to reproduce, think, evaluate, apply historical knowledge to solve practical problems, practice the subject. When students prepare their own presentations, collect documents, and present themselves to the class. That is what will perfect their skills.

d. On developing students' capacity

Along with the meaning of knowledge, attitude, and skills, HĐNK also has an important position in developing students' capacity, a highlight of the current goal of education and training innovation, including some basic capacities:

- Subject competence: Ability to reproduce, think, and evaluate. Recognize the laws of human development, the specific laws of countries, including Vietnam, as a foundation for applying historical knowledge to solve practical problems, explain current issues... develop subject practice competence.

- Forming general competencies for students: From the practice of participating in extracurricular activities, students will shape their necessary competencies, form a proper way of life, in accordance with the standards of Vietnamese youth in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country. According to the new high school program, the 3 general competencies for students are: autonomy and self-study, communication and cooperation, problem-solving and creativity.

2.1.4. Some basic requirements when innovating extracurricular activities in history teaching in high schools

Teaching activities are one of the traditional forms of teaching organization, playing an important role in implementing teaching tasks. To successfully innovate teaching activities, we think it is necessary to comply with the following basic requirements:

2.1.4.1. Correctly determine the role and position of extracurricular activities in response to innovation requirements

The first issue that has a decisive influence on the success of innovation activities is to change the perception of the role and position of the import-export contract in the current DHLS. Because the inherent objective position of the import-export contract is not respected, innovation activities cannot be effectively carried out.

The shortcomings in the general teaching of history and the history learning activities in high schools in the past have both deeply and directly originated from incorrect concepts and perceptions about the role and position of the History subject. There have even been times when the History subject has been overlooked, trivialized, integrated and tended to be eliminated in the system of subjects in high schools. Through a recent survey of the current situation of the general teaching of history and the history learning activities in high schools in Nghe An province, it can be seen that although there have been many changes, the interest in history learning activities is still quite limited. Up to 2/3 of the students surveyed said that the learning activities are still lacking in innovation, creativity, and attractiveness, and the majority of teachers, including managers, said that this activity still faces many difficulties, especially in terms of operating costs. How can we change perceptions and give them due importance, so that we can make appropriate investments in history learning activities? This is a long-term and difficult task that requires the synchronous participation of all levels, sectors, educational managers, teachers and students, in which the team of history teachers has a particularly important position, because teachers are both advisors and direct organizers and deciders of the quality of historical activities. And the quality and effectiveness of historical historical activities will be the most important basis to contribute significantly to changing the perception of the role and position of this important activity. Therefore, it is necessary to always raise awareness for cadres, teachers, students and other social forces participating in educational activities about the position and role of historical activities, considering historical activities as an indispensable part of the teaching and learning process. Historical activities have a close and complete connection in the educational process, it aims to train and form the necessary qualities and capacities of new people in an integrated and developed society. It is necessary to consider HĐNK as an activity of the teaching and learning process, a regular practice in the teaching and learning process in high schools.

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