Proposing a Social Work Model in Industrial Parks, Export Processing Zones, Companies, and Enterprises

out with children. The lack of social work in the company, as well as social work services in supporting workers in preschool education services, has created a necessary gap to meet the needs of workers. If workers are supported to access information about nursery and preschool education services, shared at the workplace, it will give them peace of mind when sending their children, there will be no cases of being too concerned about the safety of their children, which will ensure better labor safety, wholehearted participation in production, bringing efficiency in labor. In the 2017 Unicef report "For the comprehensive development of children" [38], social work services in industrial parks were also mentioned in supporting preschool education services for children of migrant workers, linking production workers with social services in child care for workers aged 6 months - 72 months, to support children to access modern preschool education methods, develop children's capacity appropriate to their developmental age, increase their ability to integrate into the educational environment, and readiness to participate in grade 1 when children have completed preschool education. The above information for the group of workers in the research sample was only accessed once when being explained about communication services in social work.

The role of social workers and social work services supporting preschool education services in the research area as well as in industrial zones is currently non-existent, so spontaneous family child care groups, poor quality preschools, and child abuse are inevitable in industrial zones and localities with many companies and factories.

CHAPTER 3

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PROPOSAL FOR APPLICATION OF SOCIAL WORK MODEL

IN EXPORT PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL ZONE, COMPANY FACTORY

According to the Prime Minister's project on developing the social work sector from 2011 to 2020, in the face of the increasing number of workers to meet the demand for production labor, there is a great need for social workers to connect and support workers, especially in the field of preschool and kindergarten education, because most workers are in the process of giving birth and raising children. Through a preliminary survey of the preschool situation in the area recently, we found that workers' children live in a matrix of spontaneous preschools and public schools that do not meet the needs of workers, workers have to send their children to private schools, private independent classes and family childcare groups. Overloaded, private preschools educate children in a risky environment. However, due to economic conditions and the nature of the work, most workers are forced to choose to send their children to those places, to continue making a living. Even when the locality supports childcare at public schools, many workers reluctantly refuse, because they cannot afford to leave work in the middle of the day to pick up their children at 4:30 p.m. every day.

With low wages and frequent overtime, most workers often choose private daycare groups because the cost here is low and the time for childcare is flexible. Otherwise, the only way is to send the children home for relatives to take care of. Most private daycare centers in industrial parks and clusters in Thu Dau Mot have cramped, hot rooms and no playgrounds... Organizing boarding for children is not in accordance with the process, does not ensure hygiene, does not calculate the quantity of food for children... affecting the quality of education, does not ensure the safety of children... Many reports and studies also show that migrant children suffer many disadvantages in enjoying the right to care and play. Migrant workers do not have time for themselves and have to work shifts, overtime affects the care and education of their children. Up to 62% of respondents said that migrant children do not participate in locally organized activities and 25% said that they participate less because

There is no information or parents are busy working so they don't have time to take their children to participate, parents rarely, or never take their children out to play in public places.

The life of workers is already difficult, but it is even more difficult when the quality of childcare services is an unknown. This paradox is happening every day in industrial parks. The need for childcare so that workers can go to work does not correspond to the quantity and quality of childcare facilities. Working hours at the Company start at 7:00, workers have to take their children to school at 6:00, or 6:30 to be on time for work, there are no kindergartens in the Company or industrial parks, and if there are, they are not capable of accepting all the workers' children, there is no information about qualified childcare facilities, based on that situation, many people have taken advantage of the potential environment of industrial parks and export processing zones to build unlicensed, poor-quality kindergartens, along with spontaneous family childcare groups to meet the needs of workers. Through research, the correlation between income, age, number of children P<0.005, has shown that working age is also the age of giving birth and raising children, so the type of family nursery group still exists because it is suitable for the monthly income of the worker's family (including husband and wife) and convenient for working hours, costs within the worker's ability to pay.

3.1. Proposing a model of social work in industrial parks, export processing zones, companies and enterprises

The model of applying social work in industrial zones creates a connection between workers and existing social services, but for workers, access is still difficult and sometimes hindered by current regulations. The model of social work in industrial zones realizes the policies of developing the social work profession and the quality of social work services. Organizing a group, team, or department to perform the functions and tasks of social work requires managers to choose the right people who are professionally trained in the social work industry.

The model is built from research practice, based on the needs of typical workers through the research results of 215 workers at a garment and embroidery company.

Winning, with the urgent need to send children of workers, the existing kindergartens in the area near the Company hardly meet the needs of workers because of the large population, the facilities of the schools do not meet, making most workers with children of preschool age feel uneasy about working and producing, when the place to send their children is not known to have enough requirements in terms of professional resources and facilities for reception.

Diagram 2. Social work model in industrial zones

Social work in industrial zones

Support production and life of workers

Social service link

Support the implementation of social security policies

Providing social work services

Workers and laborers in industrial zones

Shift Management Shift Transfer

Ca Intervention

Consulting, consulting

Source: Author, October 2018

Function, position, and duties of social workers : Specialized social workers have a code, a title code, so for industrial parks, factories, and manufacturing companies, social workers have the function of providing social services according to the needs arising at the production site related to the rights, health, spirit, law, and society of workers, based on the current laws and policies of society. The position can establish a social work department or team, or the social worker can be an employee of another functional department, but the job position is social work, the task of the social worker is to develop a social work activity plan based on the needs of the company, factory, the characteristics of production, and the urgent needs of workers related to life and labor production. Implement social security policies as prescribed for workers, cooperate in building management plans, educating and assisting workers; build and implement plans to monitor social work services in joint implementation.

Social workers in industrial parks perform social work services .

Social work in preschool education: Strengthening monitoring , detection and prevention

block bad situations, situations that include

force

affect learning

born, together with

Parents (workers) intervene promptly. Organize educational forms for workers with skills to help improve children's life skills in learning, playing and helping children develop as well as have the ability to solve social relationships . Support parents' skills to promptly detect problems affecting children, give advice.

timely therapeutic intervention plan, restoring basic functions of children injured after social events of individuals, schools, families, and communities.

Social workers in industrial zones link and connect organizations, child protection services, provide social-educational services for students and children in the community. Closely coordinate with families and village and neighborhood communities in protecting students and children. Connect with the social work system; sponsor children from commune/ward to district/county levels , government and non-government organizations.

Together, we promote the socialization of education in schools near or in industrial parks, take advantage of funding sources to fully equip facilities for child care and education, improve the qualifications of staff, teachers and members of the school board through professional training courses, study tours at home and abroad.

In coordination with local authorities, there should be measures to more closely inspect and review the number of childcare centers in the area. The authorities play a role in guiding and guiding childcare centers in complying with regulations on safety conditions, childcare methods, and the expertise of childcare workers, and regularly inspect the implementation of these regulations to ensure the legality and reliability of family childcare groups.

Timely detect cases requiring social work approach, plan intervention, create case management records, monitor case implementation, record case progress, close case, transfer case and receive intervention cases transferred from other places such as hospitals, schools, centers.

3.2. Solutions implemented in industrial parks of Binh Duong province.

According to the Department of Education and Training of Binh Duong, in 2018, the whole province had 125,253 children, an increase of 15,378 compared to the same period last year. It is forecasted that in the coming time, the average increase will be about 9,000 to 12,000 children per year, increasing very rapidly in industrial parks. Currently, the whole province of Binh Duong has 324 kindergartens and preschools (120 public schools, 204 private schools), 526 private childcare groups. There are 8 enterprises organizing non-profit preschool education activities to serve the children of workers working at the company. Due to the rapid development of industry, workers flock to Binh Duong to live and work, leading to an increase in the number of students of workers' children. To meet the huge demand for childcare, Binh Duong province has advocated the socialization of preschool education. Up to now, the rate of children in non-public preschools has reached 64.41%. Binh Duong province also announced to direct districts and towns to reserve about 15-20% of land for public purposes.

in residential areas to build schools, including preschool education. At the same time, exempt and reduce land use fees and land rent for socialized facilities in the province. In the period from 2018-2020, Binh Duong province implemented a program to support the provision of facilities for private independent child care groups in industrial parks. Specifically, groups of children from 15 to 30 children are supported with 25 million VND/facility, groups of children from 30 children or more are supported with 35 million VND/facility.

In the program to contact foreign-invested enterprises in Binh Duong Province, there were policies to direct departments and branches to coordinate with enterprises to remove obstacles in procedures for converting industrial land use purposes to educational land for building kindergartens in enterprises. At the same time, to resolve difficulties in documents when enterprises in industrial parks want to invest in building kindergartens to serve the childcare needs of cadres and workers.

At Vang Anh Kindergarten, Yazaki EDS Vietnam Company has piloted the construction of a school, paid teachers' salaries, and supported children's tuition and meals. Parents working in Yazaki whose children study at Vang Anh Kindergarten only have to pay 200,000 VND/month. Similarly, at May Quoc Te Kindergarten, invested in and built by NALT Garment Company Limited (An Dien Commune, Ben Cat Town, Binh Duong Province) since 2008. There are 13 children in the nursery group and 3 kindergarten classes (75 children). All operating costs of the school to take care of the children such as teachers' salaries, milk, food, clothes, books, supplies, and toys are paid by the company.

Through in-depth interview with Ms. Phan Le Diem Trang - Director of NALT Garment Company Limited " The garment company has about 80% of female workers of reproductive age. Female migrant workers have economic difficulties and their families live far away, so support for childcare is limited. She herself is a woman, so she understands how to take care of children so that workers can work with peace of mind as best as possible. " For those reasons, the company

The company has built a kindergarten to raise workers' children. Each year, the company spends from 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion on kindergarten activities. In addition, the company has a clinic to take care of workers' health, so common illnesses of children are examined and treated promptly by doctors. Workers at this company said that sending their children to the company makes them feel secure at work. Not only that, each month they save 1 million on childcare fees. This money helps them cover their living expenses or save money to send back home to take care of their relatives.

Binh Duong province needs to actively encourage businesses to invest in building preschools, such as supporting businesses in carrying out administrative procedures; exempting and reducing land rent and taxes according to regulations; training and fostering teachers at preschools... Only then will many businesses proactively build preschools to take care of workers' children, so that they can live happier, work with peace of mind, contributing to bringing long-term benefits to businesses. If this is done, there will be no more child abuse, and the government will not be under pressure to invest in building more public preschools in industrial parks and export processing zones today.

The model of kindergartens built by enterprises using labor to serve the children of workers and employees of their enterprises is an ideal model, meeting the needs of workers. However, according to statistics, only 6/16 provinces and cities have enterprises in industrial parks investing in building kindergartens to serve workers (23 schools built by enterprises using labor in industrial parks and 5 schools built by investors in industrial park infrastructure).

One of the socio-economic development contents of the People's Committee of Binh Duong province is to review and evaluate the level of response of the network of preschool facilities in industrial parks and export processing zones, and to have a plan to build preschools and classes to meet the needs of childcare. For 16 provinces and cities with many industrial parks and export processing zones and a concentration of over 50,000 workers, it is necessary to adjust and supplement the public investment portfolio in the direction of prioritizing projects to build preschool facilities, using a part of the funds collected from industrial parks and export processing zones for reinvestment.

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