Assessing the current status and proposing a community-based mangrove conservation model in Le Loi commune, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province

INDEX

Page

Thanks i

Pledge ii

Table of Contents iii

List of symbols and abbreviations iv

List of tables

List of drawings, micrographs

INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER I: OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM 9

1.1. Overview of mangrove forests 9

1.2. Overview of community-based conservation work 20

CHAPTER 2: LOCATION, TIME, METHODOLOGY 28

AND RESEARCH METHODS 28

2.1. Research location 28

2.2. Research time 28

2.3. Methodology 28

2.4. Research methods 33

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH RESULTS 38

3.1. Natural and socio-economic conditions of Le Loi commune 38

3.2. Current status of mangrove forests in Le Loi commune 47

3.3. Some factors affecting the development of mangrove forests in Le Loi commune 55

3.4. The role of the community in mangrove conservation in Le Loi commune

................................................................ ................................................................ .......................... 62

3.5. Current status of exploitation, management and conservation of mangrove biodiversity in Le Loi commune 65

3.6. Proposing a community-based mangrove biodiversity conservation model in Le Loi commune 77

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 86

REFERENCES 88

APPENDIX 93

106

iii

HOUSEHOLD INTERVIEW FORM

Interview date: ................................... ..........

Voucher number: ..............................................................................

Interviewer: ............................................................................................

Interview location: village: ........................ Le Loi commune, Hoanh Bo district

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION

1. Full name of household head/interviewee: ........................................................................

2. Age:

 Under 16 years old

 From 16 to 40 years old

 From 41 to 60 years old

 Over 60 years old

3. Gender:  Male  Female

4. Education level:

 Illiterate

 High school

 Primary school

 Above high school

 Middle school

5. Use Mandarin (Vietnamese):

 Proficient  Know a little  Don't know

6. Ethnicity:

 Kinh  Tay  Dao  Other ethnic groups.................

7. Main occupation providing main source of income for the family in recent years:

 Cultivation (rice, vegetables) and animal husbandry

 Services, trade, sideline

 Aquaculture

 Work for hire

 Fishing/fishing

 Work, receive monthly salary

 Combined agricultural-forestry-fishery production (mangrove planting, charcoal burning, fishing, etc.)

 Other occupations.......................

8. Household economic ranking (according to village/hamlet or commune classification or according to state assessment results.

 Well-off  Average/Normal  Poor/Difficult

II. CURRENT BIODIVERSITY STATUS OF SOME AQUATIC SPECIES IN MANGROVES

9. Does your family exploit seafood? Yes  No  If yes:

- Where is the mining area?..........................................................................

At the tidal flat  At the mangrove forest 

- What kind of seafood do you catch? How much does the average person catch in a day?

STT

Seafood name	Number of catches 1 day	Main seafood exploitation time of the year	Average number of fishing days per month	Selling price for traders (VND/kg)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Maybe you are interested!

III. CURRENT STATUS OF MANGROVE MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION

10. What is the current status of mangrove management?

Who manages the mangrove forest: Village management Commune general management  No one  If villages/communes manage their own mangrove forests then:

1. Are there any documents regulating mangrove forests at the village/commune level?...................

2. Is there a RNM Management Board? Yes  No 

- If so, how many people are in the Management Board? ............; How many men? .......... How many women? ......

- Who are they (commune leaders, Farmers' Association, Veterans' Association, Women's Union, Youth Union or people)?..........................................................................................

- How are these people selected for the board of directors? ...............................

- Are there any ethnic people in the management board? Yes  No 

- How does the Management Board work?.....................................................

3. How is forest management carried out? ................................................ Strictly  Not strictly 

If not:

- Who violates more? Men  Women 

- What are the violations? ................................................................................................

- What is the penalty? .....................................................................................

IV. AWARENESS OF THE VALUE OF MANGROVE RESOURCES

11. Do you think the local mangrove forest is important to you, your family and your village?

 Yes  No  No opinion

12. Please tell us what values and importance the mangrove forests in estuaries and coastal areas have below:

 Block waves, wind, storms, high tides, tsunamis

 Stabilize the coast, limit erosion

 Limit the intrusion of salt water into the interior

 Protect water sources for daily life and production

 Is a place to provide seafood for family food and sell for money

 Is a place that provides natural aquatic species sources

 Is a suitable place to develop ecotourism

 Providing forest products, firewood, charcoal, birds, snakes, honey... for local consumption  A place to preserve nature for future generations

 (other) ..............................................................................................................

13. Have you ever heard about the issue of “Climate Change”?

 Yes  Never

If YES , please indicate how climate change will affect coastal areas?

................................................................ ................................................................ .......................... ..........

................................................................ ................................................................ ...................................

V. PEOPLE'S AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION IN MANGROVE PROTECTION 14. In your opinion, should we continue to encourage or allow people and businesses to exploit mangrove forests and convert agricultural land to shrimp farms and aquaculture ponds?

 Should  Should not  Don't know

If YES (or NO ), please state why?

................................................................ ................................................................ .....................

15. According to you, who should manage the local mangrove forests?

 Forestry agency

 Local authorities of commune, district, province

 Agency in charge of natural resources and environment

 Households and businesses using resources (shrimp farming, fishing, etc.)

 Local community, households

 (other party)................................................................................

16. In your opinion, what role do local people play in mangrove forests?

 Don't know / No opinion

 Just an exploiter and user

 As a manager, protector

 Both exploiter and user; both manager and protector

 No role at all

17. Have you ever participated in meetings or activities on protection, management and rational exploitation of mangrove forests in your locality?

 Yes  Never

If YES, please indicate which activities you have participated in?

 Participate in meetings to discuss management and protection of local natural resources

 Participate in mangrove planting

 Together with hamlet and commune officials, patrol to protect mangrove forests and prevent deforestation.

 Participate in training courses on sustainable aquaculture

 Provide information and cooperate with authorities to prevent destructive fishing.

 Guide tourists to visit local nature

 Aquaculture according to local government planning (for example: ecological shrimp farming)

 (other) ...............................................................

Thank you very much for your valuable contributions!

Interviewer Interviewee

problem

IMAGE

Year 2000

2005

Photo 1: Current status of mangrove forests in Hon Gai area

Photo 2: Seafood resources from mangrove forests

Source: Phan Hong Dung et al., 2008

Photo 3. Bare land due to dead mangrove trees due to lack of tidal regime

in Dong Rui - Tien Yen

Photo 4. Abandoned shrimp pond land with scattered mangrove trees

in Dong Rui - Tien Yen

Photo 5. Abandoned shrimp pond

in Dong Rui - Tien Yen

Photo 6. Acacia forest after exploitation

abandoned in Dong Rui - Tien Yen

Source: Luu Thi Binh, 2007

Photo 7. Cement factory

Thang Long

Photo 8. People catch fish

in the mangrove area

Source: Field survey June 2012.

Some species of plants in mangrove forests

Assessing the current status and proposing a community-based mangrove conservation model in Le Loi commune, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province - 14

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