Promoting Local Community Participation in Tourism Activities

jobs for local people… thereby promoting rapid tourism development. Tourism that supports local economic activities and takes into account environmental values and costs can protect the local economy and avoid environmental damage.

1.4.6. Encourage local community participation in tourism activities

Local people with their culture, lifestyle and traditions are important factors in attracting tourists to tourist destinations, while also supporting and meeting the living needs of local people, protecting their natural environment and culture, and the participation of local communities enriches tourism types and products, increases income for local people, thereby improving the quality of tourism.

1.4.7. Regularly exchange and consult with local communities and relevant stakeholders

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Public consultation is a process that seeks to reconcile economic development with the broader concerns of local people and the potential impacts of development on the natural, social and cultural environment. It encourages participation and input, integrating individual and public interests.

1.4.8. Focus on training and raising awareness of environmental resources

Training a skilled workforce will not only bring economic benefits to the industry but will also improve the quality of the tourism product. Training staff, including the integration of sustainable tourism into work practices, along with the recruitment of local workers at all levels, will improve the quality of tourism.

1.4.9. Strengthen responsible tourism marketing promotion

Due to the growth of tourism and the permutation of attractions, tourism marketing is particularly competitive. Responsible and comprehensive tourism marketing and promotion helps to increase understanding, appreciation, and respect for local culture and environment and increases overall visitor satisfaction.

1.4.10. Regularly conduct research work

For the tourism industry to survive and develop sustainably, comprehensive research requires cooperation between the tourism industry and universities, research institutes, governments and non-governmental organizations in terms of potential, research and organizational skills as well as political will, honesty and professional commitment [8].

1.5. Forms of organizing tourism territories

1.5.1. Tourist attractions

Tourist attractions are the lowest level in the hierarchy. In terms of territory, tourist attractions are small in scale, where a certain type of resource (natural, cultural-historical or socio-economic) or a specific type of construction serving tourism or a combination of both on a small scale is concentrated. Therefore, tourist attractions can be divided into two types: resource points and functional points.

1.5.2. Tourist area

A tourist area is a place with attractive tourism resources, capable of attracting a large number of tourists, with synchronous infrastructure and tourism technical facilities, capable of ensuring service for at least one million tourists per year, including necessary accommodation and tourism services suitable to the characteristics of the tourist area. Has a minimum area of two hundred hectares, including the necessary area for construction of works and tourism service facilities.

1.5.3.Tourist route

A tourist route connects tourist areas and tourist attractions, including inter-regional and inter-provincial tourist areas and tourist attractions, connecting with international border gates; with measures to protect landscapes, environment and service facilities for tourists along the route [9].

1.6. Factors affecting tourism development

1.6.1. Internal factors

* Geographical location and territorial scope

Location affects the tourism industry in aspects such as proximity or distance to tourist spots, areas, and centers. Near traffic hubs, economic, social, cultural, political centers, near or far from the sea. Near traffic hubs, convenient for travel, so attracting many tourists, high tourism revenue, on the contrary, far from traffic hubs, economic centers, lacking in infrastructure, so difficult for tourism development, low economic efficiency.

* Natural factors and natural resources group

- Terrain : For tourism activities, terrain forms create the background for the landscape. The morphological characteristics of the terrain (the external signs of the terrain) and special terrain forms that are attractive to tourists, such as mountain terrain, karst terrain, coastal terrain types - are valuable for many types of tourism. Coastal terrain, islands, coastal zones and water reservoirs (oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, etc.) are also important for tourism. Coastal terrain can be exploited for tourism according to scientific topics, relaxation, swimming, water sports, etc.

- Climate: Has a direct impact on tourism organization through bio-climate. Notable criteria are temperature, air humidity and other factors such as wind, rainfall, physical and chemical composition of air, atmospheric pressure, sunlight and other special weather conditions.

Climatic conditions are considered as climate resources of tourism. Climatic conditions have a clear influence on tourism activities and have created seasonality in tourism. Each type of tourism requires different climatic conditions. The year-round tourism season is suitable for medical tourism, winter and summer mountain tourism. However, in reality, there is rarely an even distribution of seasonal tourism flows because tourism is affected by many climatic, natural, economic and social factors.

+ Winter: Is the mountain tourism season, in places with long winters, winter sports tourism and other types of winter tourism are often developed.

+ Summer: Is the most important tourist season. This is the vibrant tourist season with various types of tourism such as sea tourism, mountain tourism, tourism to hills, plains, etc.

- Rivers : Water resources: Including surface water and underground water. For general tourism purposes, the minimum surface water temperature limit is from 18 0 C - 20 0 C. In addition, attention must also be paid to the frequency and wave characteristics of the flow, the cleanliness of the water, etc.

+ Surface water resources are valuable for many types of tourism such as sightseeing, resorts, etc., such as beaches, natural lakes, artificial lakes, streams, waterfalls, etc.

+ The valuable underground water resources for tourism are natural water sources. In fact, places rich in mineral water sources are also places for developing medical tourism.

- Biological resources : are a special type of tourism resource. For this type of resource, people divide it into many criteria such as: criteria for sightseeing tourism purposes; criteria for hunting and sports tourism; criteria for scientific research tourism purposes.

* Socio-economic factors

- Population and labor: Population and labor resources are both sources of labor supply.

The tourism industry such as managers, tourist restaurant staff, etc. are also customers consuming tourism products. The higher the people's living standards, the stronger the demand for travel. This is the decisive factor for the development of the tourism industry.

- Infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism

+ Transportation system and means : Is the leading factor in the formation and development of tourism. When evaluating and considering means of transportation, attention must be paid to the types of roads, road quality, and existing means of transportation. In addition, it is necessary to consider train stations, ports, airports, bus stations; especially important traffic hubs.

+ Power supply system: Is a necessary condition to ensure minimum living for tourists as well as provide energy for tourism business activities. When evaluating, it is necessary to pay attention to.

Consider the structure of the power grid affecting the creation of tourist spots, clusters, and centers. The ability to ensure local electricity for tourism activities, balancing between electricity supply and electricity consumption needs.

+ Water supply and drainage system: Including water for daily life and tourism services. Water supply sources need to be considered in the structure of infrastructure including: Water supply capacity and water quality, water supply system. In addition to providing water for daily life, it is also necessary to build a drainage system to ensure environmental hygiene and not cause loss of aesthetics in the tourist area.

+ Communication system: To satisfy the need for quick and timely exchange of information between regions through services such as mail, telephone, fax, internet, etc.

+ Accommodation and catering facilities : The most typical component in the entire system of tourism technical facilities, including special works to ensure accommodation and entertainment for tourists. These are tourist accommodation facilities.

society, restaurant, hotel…

+ Commercial store network : Meets tourists' demand for goods by selling typical tourist products, food and other goods.

+ Sports facilities : Create favorable conditions for tourists' vacations, increase the efficiency of accommodation and catering facilities and enrich the types of tourism activities.

+ Medical facilities: medical facilities serving medical tourism and providing additional services at tourist destinations.

+ Cultural facilities serving tourism : These are cultural and information centers, cinemas, exhibition halls, clubs, theaters, etc.

+ Facilities providing other additional services: Such as gas stations, emergency equipment, photo studios, post offices, etc. are additional conditions that help tourists make more complete use of tourism resources, creating convenience when they travel and stay at tourist destinations.

- The development of social production and economic sectors

The developed economic sectors contribute to the stronger development of the tourism industry. The developed industry provides modern equipment for the tourism industry such as building more modern and convenient restaurants, hotels... Transportation is increasingly modern and convenient, helping tourists to visit quickly, safely, and proactively with their time... Other service activities develop strongly to promote the development of the tourism industry.

- Policy

In recent decades, tourism has become a major economic sector occupying an important position on a global scale and in many countries. In fact, whether tourism becomes a key economic sector and brings high efficiency in each locality, territory, and country depends on the available tourism resources, the decisive factor is the human factor and the right mechanisms and policies.

appropriate for tourism development. Policy lines have a decisive influence on the tourism development of a country or a specific administrative unit.

- Other factors

In addition to the above factors, natural disasters, epidemics or regional and international economic and financial crises... have a negative impact on tourism development. In particular, these factors appear beyond human expectations and control, causing significant difficulties for the development of the tourism industry. It threatens the health, safety, psychology or financial capacity of the people, is a very sensitive issue for tourism activities, hindering the development of tourism in a country or a territory.

1.6.2. External factors

- Experience in tourism development: Learn from the experience in developing, exploiting and using tourism resources as well as tourism management experience of developed countries. Management methods, tourism cooperation between countries in the region, especially countries with similarities in nature, culture, etc.

- Tourist market : The world economy is growing stronger and stronger, the economies of countries in the region are gradually recovering, people's lives are improving, and people's demand for travel is increasing. This is an important market in earning foreign currency for each country.

- Capital investment: Along with the development of socio-economy, we have more and more foreign projects investing in the tourism sector, thereby upgrading and modernizing the tourism infrastructure system to meet the increasing needs of tourists. With an underdeveloped economy lacking capital, we need to take advantage of, attract and invite foreign investment to promote the development of the country's tourism industry [9].

1.7. Tourism development in some countries and Vietnam

1.7.1.Tourism development in some countries

In China : China in the late 1990s emerged as a country with the world's leading tourism growth rate. The Chinese tourism industry has made a leap forward, the positive results achieved are thanks to the Chinese tourism industry's strategic development orientation process over the past 20 years. Especially in recent decades, the Chinese Government has focused on building and implementing tourism development strategies, through specific activities such as building master plans on tourism; managing sustainable tourism development including direction, coordination and control, to combine resources for building and implementing national tourism policies. Promoting and creating conditions to attract more participation from the private sector and cooperation between the state sector and other economic components. The above orientations and implementation plans of China are valuable experiences for our reference.

In Indonesia: The Indonesian government has soon proposed a tourism strategy oriented towards nature, preserving and maintaining biodiversity, promoting the unique cultural identity of the nation towards sustainable tourism development. The Indonesian government has successfully built many eco-tourism models. Bali's sustainable tourism development project. Bali is now a leading bustling tourist center in Southeast Asia, annually bringing Indonesia a significant amount of foreign currency from tourism, making a positive contribution. This is a valuable lesson for the development of Vietnam's tourism.

Thailand: Tourism has been developed for a long time, but currently the task of developing tourism in Thailand focuses on restructuring tourism technology. The Thai government has had many unique and creative initiatives, implementing quality sustainable tourism development programs such as the "tourism elimination program".

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