In 2019, the Thai Ministry of Health made a commitment to improve the quality of street food to contribute to promoting tourism and increasing national economic growth. Thereby, the Thai government will make every effort to support street food businesses to the maximum extent possible to enhance the image of Thai cuisine in the eyes of international friends. [6]
In Singapore, street vendors must also register with the government and the Environment Agency and must be concentrated in designated areas to sell street food. Hawker vendors must be trained in health and food safety regulations before being allowed to operate. [33] They are periodically tested on their knowledge of food, processing methods and food safety, and are ranked and the results are posted on the front of the store's signboard so that customers who are picky about food quality and food cleanliness can feel secure in enjoying their food. Since 1994, the government has continuously organized the annual Singapore Food Festival, which takes place over two weeks in July at concentrated street food centers combined with performing arts to introduce, promote and reinforce to visitors from near and far the outstanding street food values of this country.
In 2018, Singapore submitted a nomination for its street food to be recognized by the United Nations' UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage. If recognized, Singapore can further promote the application of street food to attract international tourists to develop the economy. It can be seen that in addition to their wonderful cuisine, we must recognize that there is a focus on promotion, strict management of quality and food safety issues, and long-term strategic investment from all relevant tourism agencies and departments of the governments of these countries.
There are many other countries in the world that have succeeded in developing street food tourism that Vietnam can rely on to flexibly apply to the actual situation as well as ensure the preservation of the cultural identity of the Vietnamese people. Nha Trang, a young tourist city fortunate to have this potential tourism resource, will need to consult and learn from everywhere to be able to build its own street food identity.
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1
Nha Trang is always famous as one of the most attractive tourist destinations for domestic and international tourists in the country. Tourists coming to Nha Trang, in addition to immersing themselves in relaxing activities on the typical tropical sea, visiting famous cultural heritage works, always want to explore new experiences from local cuisine, especially Nha Trang street food. It can be said that through Nha Trang street food, tourists will know Nha Trang from a new and more interesting perspective.
Based on the existing development conditions in Nha Trang, developing street food tourism products, specifically building tours to explore street food in Nha Trang, is a reasonable and feasible direction. Thereby contributing to diversifying types of tourism as well as increasing the attractiveness of Nha Trang in the eyes of tourists from near and far.
CHAPTER 2. CURRENT STATUS OF STREET FOOD EXPLOITATION IN TOURISM BUSINESS IN NHA TRANG (KHANH HOA)
2.1. Overview of tourism business activities in Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa
2.1.1. Introduction to Nha Trang
2.1.1.1. Natural conditions
Nha Trang city is located in the center of Khanh Hoa province. It borders Ninh Hoa district to the north, Cam Ranh city to the south, Dien Khanh district to the west, and the sea to the east.
Nha Trang City has a total natural land area of 252.6 km2, with 27 basic administrative units: 19 wards and 08 communes with a population of over 535,000 people (data from December 31, 2018). [23]
Nha Trang has geographical advantages, with intersecting routes of domestic and international roads, railways, airways, and sea routes. It is the gateway to the South Central Coast and the Central Highlands, so Nha Trang has many conditions to expand foreign relations and exchanges.
Nha Trang has 19 islands, with over 2,500 households and about 15,000 people living on the islands. The largest island is Hon Tre, 36 square kilometers wide , located offshore, making Nha Trang Bay sheltered from the wind and calm. [16]
The diversity of terrain between plains, hills, and islands has created for Nha Trang beautiful landscapes such as Hon Chong, Hon Do, Hon Tam, Hon Mun, Yen Island, Hon Tre, Tien beach, Ngoc Thao island, La-San hill...
Nha Trang has a tropical savanna climate influenced by the ocean climate. Nha Trang's climate is relatively mild, with an average annual temperature of 26.30C. There is a long dry season, less cold winters, and little affected by natural disasters. Compared to the South Central Coast provinces, Nha Trang is a locality with quite favorable weather and climate conditions for tourism exploitation almost all year round.
2.1.1.2. Formation and development process:
At the end of the 19th century, from small residential areas mainly living on agriculture and fishing along both banks of Cai River. When Nha Trang town was formed, there were 4 villages:
Xuong Huan, Phuong Cau, Van Thanh, Sai Ward. After the liberation, Nha Trang was divided into 3 administrative units: District 1, District 2, Vinh Xuong District and then merged District 1 and District 2 into Nha Trang town. In 1977, Nha Trang town was upgraded by the Government Council to a provincial city. Up to now, Nha Trang has become the provincial capital of Khanh Hoa province, the economic, cultural and political center of the province, a city of domestic and international sea and island tourism and resort, and one of the centers of trade and scientific and technical exchange of the region.
Nha Trang was recognized as a first-class city by the Prime Minister of Vietnam on April 22, 2009. This is one of the first-class cities under the province of Vietnam.
Nha Trang has many attractive tourist attractions, entertainment and resorts such as Vinpearl land, Hon Tam, Hon Mun, Hon Mieu, Hon Chong, Hon Do, Ponagar Tower, Institute of Oceanography, Bao Dai Village Conservation Area ... many famous Spa Resorts such as: Vinpearl land tourist area, Diamond Bay tourist and entertainment area, Thap Ba Nha Trang hot spring tourist center, I-Resort Nha Trang hot spring resort, Tram Trung mud bath tourist area and countless other modern shopping centers such as: Vincom Nha Trang plaza, Nha Trang Center, AB Square and famous supermarkets of Vietnam all have branches in Nha Trang. The scenic spots, tourist attractions, entertainment and shopping are located relatively close to each other, very convenient for traveling and can be traveled by many different means: walking, cycling, bus, car, .... Therefore, Nha Trang is known as a paradise for relaxation, sightseeing and shopping.
2.1.2. Current status of tourism business in Khanh Hoa
Total visitors
Table 2.1: Total number of visitors in the period 2014 - 2018
Unit: Number of visitors
Target
2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 8/2019 | Average annual growth rate (%) | |
Total views guest | 3,598,685 | 4,105,617 | 4,527,828 | 5,450,000 | 6,299,930 | 5,020,092 | 15.02 |
Guest inland | 2,742,882 | 3,131,427 | 3,349,104 | 3,420,000 | 3,499,497 | 2,517,623 | 6.28 |
Guest international | 855.803 | 974,190 | 1,178,724 | 2,030,000 | 2,799,533 | 2,502,469 | 34.49 |
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Source: Khanh Hoa Department of Tourism
Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa is one of the major tourist attractions in the country, with international tourists coming to Nha Trang by the end of August 2019 being 2,502,469, accounting for 22.13% of the 11,309,232 total tourists coming to Vietnam in the first 8 months of 2019. [20]
Currently, the province has 773 accommodation establishments with 42,475 rooms, and 129 travel service businesses. Including 16 domestic travel businesses and 113 international travel businesses (89 businesses, 21 branches, 03 representative offices) [17]
According to statistics from Khanh Hoa Department of Tourism, the number of visitors to Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa tends to increase in the period from 2014 to 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 15.02%. Of which, the number of domestic visitors increased by an insignificant average of 6.28% and the number of international visitors increased by an average of 34.49%. Specifically, from 2015 compared to 2014, the growth rate of domestic visitors was 14.17%.
not significantly different from that of the international tourist market 13.83%. By 2016 compared to 2015, the growth rate of international visitors 21% was much higher than that of domestic visitors 6.95%. The breakthrough in 2017, with the opening of direct flights from China to Cam Ranh airport with high weekly flight frequency providing a large number of Chinese visitors to Nha Trang, led to an average growth rate of international visitors compared to 2016 of 72.22%, while the figure for domestic visitors was only 2.12%. This difference continued in 2018. In the first 8 months of 2019, the structure of international and domestic visitors accounted for almost equal proportions, domestic visitors 2,517,623 equivalent to 50.15% and international visitors
2,502,469 equivalent to 49.85%. It can be seen that in recent years, the growth rate of domestic tourists to Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa has been very low. Because in the South Central region, Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa is having to share the domestic tourist market with emerging destinations such as Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Ninh Thuan. In addition, the trend of traveling to neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia with increasingly lower costs compared to domestic travel has led to more and more Vietnamese people gradually switching to traveling abroad on holidays and Tet. In addition, in June 2018, the new Cam Ranh International Airport with a larger scale and capacity than the old Cam Ranh Airport was officially put into operation as well as direct flights from Korea, Malaysia, Macao, China were exploited more, leading to a large number of international tourists from these markets to Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa.
With the large number of international and domestic visitors increasing over the years, this confirms that Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa is an undeniably attractive destination. However, to attract more visitors to visit and relax, tourism businesses and authorities need to come up with appropriate solutions and policies to attract and promote the return of tourists, especially domestic visitors as well as the European market.
Total revenue
Table 2.2: Total tourism revenue of Khanh Hoa in the period 2014 - 2018
Unit: Million VND
Target
2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 8/2019 | Average annual growth rate (%) | |
Revenue calendar | 6.049.10 2 | 6,983.28 2 | 8,378,45 1 | 17,300.00 0 | 25,663.56 4 | 21,257.84 0 | 43.5 1 |
Source: Khanh Hoa Department of Tourism Through the above table, we can see that Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa's tourism revenue increased during the period of 2014 - 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 43.51%. From 2015 to 2014, revenue increased insignificantly, with a growth rate of 15.44%. This index increased slightly in 2016 compared to 2015 at 19.98%. The big change took place in 2017 when 2017 was the first year of implementing Resolution 08-NQ/TW, the year Khanh Hoa Provincial Party Committee identified tourism development as a key economic sector. At the same time, it is a year with many important economic, cultural and social events in Nha Trang such as: being the place to organize the annual Senior Officials' Meeting within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum Annual Meeting 2017, Nha Trang Sea Festival. Along with the strong growth of international visitors to Nha Trang, it has brought tourism revenue to Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa in 2017.
17,300,000 million VND, a sharp increase compared to 2016 with an average growth rate of 106.48%. In the first 8 months of 2019, the total number of guest days is estimated at 15.56 million guest days, an increase of 29.74% over the same period, room occupancy rate
The average is estimated at 53%, with 3-5 star accommodation reaching 62.71%. This is a positive statistic for the tourism industry in Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa in particular and the province's economy in general.
2.2. Current status of exploiting street food in tourism business in Nha Trang
2.2.1. Street food product system in Nha Trang
2.2.1.1. Nha Trang Cuisine (Khanh Hoa)
Like many other localities, Nha Trang's eating habits also originate from Vietnamese cuisine. More specifically, Nha Trang, a coastal city in Khanh Hoa province of the South Central region of our country, will certainly have the characteristics of Central cuisine.
The Central region is barren and not as blessed by nature as other regions, so the people of the Central region always cherish, take full advantage of and turn those products into famous dishes, contributing to creating a unique Central culinary style. Besides the elaborate Royal cuisine, which focuses on rituals, there is also a very popular, simple, and plain cuisine, which is street food. The Central region's culinary culture combines both types of cuisine in a harmonious and sophisticated way.
Because there are not many food sources on land, life depends heavily on food sources exploited from rivers and seas. Therefore, Central cuisine is creative and made from available ingredients to create delicious and attractive dishes that carry the breath of the sea.
It can be seen that the culinary culture of the Central region is not as sophisticated as the cuisine of the North and as diverse as the cuisine of the South, but it has an unmistakable flavor and cultural identity.
The eating habits of the Central region show a strong sense of thrift and exploitation of nature; most types of vegetables (including non-toxic wild ones) and small aquatic products are utilized (mussels...) for processing. Fish sauce is used a lot in processing and in meals.
The eating style of the Central people also has its own unique features.