Party and State Viewpoints on Physical Education and Sports in Schools

poor... Therefore, practicing physical education and sports in schools will be beneficial and effective for the students themselves, their families, schools and the whole society.

Karate-do is a martial art that is loved and practiced as an extracurricular activity in many schools at all levels in Hanoi. However, the extracurricular teaching program of this martial art only follows the requirements and content of the belt upgrading exam regulations of the Karate-do associations, so it has not really met the goal of physical education. Many authors have been interested in researching Karate-do such as Tran Tuan Hieu (2004) [47], Nguyen Duong Bac (2006) [9], Nguyen Hong Dang

(2009) [32], Dang Thi Hong Nhung (2011) [58]... However, domestic research on Karate-do only focuses on athletes, while students participating in extracurricular training in general and the construction of an extracurricular training program for Karate-do for students in particular have not been studied by any author.

Maybe you are interested!

Based on the meaning and importance of physical education for students; the current situation of physical limitations of secondary school students in Hanoi as well as the orientation of the Party and State on improving the physique and stature of Vietnamese people and introducing martial arts into teaching in schools at all levels, we boldly conducted: "Research on building an extracurricular training program for Karate-do for secondary school students in Hanoi".

Research purpose

Conducting the development of an extracurricular training program for Karate-do in the direction of meeting the school's physical education goals and social needs, initially applying and evaluating the effectiveness of the development program. The research results of the thesis will develop a unified extracurricular training program for Karate-do for secondary school students in Hanoi, contributing to improving the quality of extracurricular physical education in particular and improving the effectiveness of school physical education in general for secondary school students in Hanoi.

Research mission:

To achieve the above research objectives, the topic solves the following research tasks:

Task 1. Evaluate the current status of extracurricular activities in Karate-do for secondary school students in Hanoi City.

Task 2. Develop an extracurricular Karate-do training program for secondary school students in Hanoi City in the direction of meeting school sports goals and social needs.

Task 3. Apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the Karate-do extracurricular training program developed for secondary school students in Hanoi.

Scientific hypothesis

Through observing the practical extracurricular sports activities for secondary school students in Hanoi as well as directly interviewing physical education teachers, it can be seen that: The organization of extracurricular sports activities for secondary school students has not been really effective due to the lack of selection of appropriate sports and the lack of development of content and form of extracurricular sports organization suitable for secondary school students... Karate-do is a popular martial art and is organized as an extracurricular practice in the form of clubs in many secondary schools in Hanoi. However, the current extracurricular training program for Karate-do has not really met the school's sports goals and social needs. If a suitable extracurricular training program for Karate-do for secondary school students in Hanoi can be developed, it will be a great success. In Hanoi, in order to meet the school sports goals and social needs, the number of students participating in Karate-do physical training will increase, the effectiveness of extracurricular Karate-do training will also be improved, the effectiveness of physical education work will therefore be better, and the level of meeting the school sports goals will therefore be higher.

Scientific significance of the thesis

Systematize, supplement and perfect theoretical knowledge on issues related to physical education and physical education activities, specialized knowledge on building extracurricular training programs in general and building extracurricular training programs for Karate-do for secondary school students in Hanoi in particular in the direction of meeting the goals of school physical education and social needs.

Practical significance of the thesis

The thesis evaluates the current status of physical education and extracurricular activities of Karate-do of secondary school students in Hanoi; Selects 18 criteria to evaluate the level of meeting social needs of the Karate-do extracurricular training program under 5 standards, on that basis, evaluates the current status of the Karate-do extracurricular training program according to the belt level.

From the results of analyzing the theoretical and practical basis of building an extracurricular training program for Karate-do for secondary school students in Hanoi City in the direction of meeting the school's sports goals and social needs, the thesis has selected 32 criteria out of 7 standards as the basis for building the program. On that basis, proceed to build an extracurricular training program for Karate-do for secondary school students in Hanoi City in 4 school years including 10 small programs, corresponding to 10 belt levels (10 Kyu - from white belt Kyu 10 to black belt 1st degree).

The thesis has applied the Karate-do extracurricular training program developed for secondary school students in Hanoi in practice and evaluated the effectiveness in the following aspects: The level of meeting the school's sports goals (including assessing the level of physical development, the effectiveness of moral education, the goal of discovering and nurturing sports talents and the goal of developing the national sports movement) and the level of meeting social needs (including the level of meeting basic physiological needs; safety needs; the need for emotional exchange and collective activities; the need to be respected, admired and the need for self-expression). The application program has initially shown certain effectiveness.

CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES

1.1. Viewpoints of the Party and State on physical education and sports in schools

School physical education and sports include compulsory physical education activities and voluntary physical education activities of students in schools at all levels of the national education system, and are a fundamental and important part of our country's physical education and sports. This issue has been clarified in documents and directives of the Party and the State on the field of physical education and school physical education and sports. Specifically:

The 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Article 41, stipulates: "The State and society develop national, scientific and popular physical education and sports. The State unifies the management of physical education and sports development; prescribes compulsory physical education in schools; encourages and assists the development of voluntary physical education and sports organizations of the people; creates necessary conditions to continuously expand mass physical education and sports activities, focusing on professional sports activities, and fostering sports talents." [74]; The 2013 amended Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Article 37, stipulates: "The State, family and society create conditions for young people to study, work, entertain, develop physical strength, intelligence, cultivate morality, national traditions, and civic consciousness; take the lead in creative labor and national defense." [78]

Directive No. 36/CT/TW dated March 24, 1994 of the Central Party Secretariat (7th tenure) assigned the responsibility to the Ministry of Education and Training and the General Department of Sports and Physical Training to regularly coordinate and direct the summary of physical education work, improve teaching programs, physical training standards, train physical education teachers for schools at all levels, create necessary conditions in terms of facilities to implement the compulsory physical education regime in all schools, make physical education and sports training a daily routine for most students, thereby discovering and selecting many sports talents for the country. [4]

The Resolutions of the 10th and 11th National Congresses of the Party have identified the basic viewpoints and major policies in physical training and sports in the renovation period. Taking care of people's health and improving their physical fitness have always been considered important tasks of our Party and State. The task of building and defending the Fatherland requires our people to have abundant health and strong physical fitness.

vigorous, high spirit. Physical training and sports are an effective measure to strengthen the productive forces and national defense forces of the country. Those are the views of our Party on developing physical training and sports in Vietnam. [5], [6], [8]

From the 3rd National Party Congress in 1960 to the 11th National Party Congress in 2011, in the documents and resolutions of the Congress, the Central Committee always stated its viewpoints on directing physical training and sports work throughout the term. At the same time, in a number of terms, the Central Executive Committee of the Party issued directives and resolutions on physical training and sports work.

Sports activities were first legalized through the Sports Ordinance issued in 2000 [75]. After a long period of preparation, in 2006 the Sports Law was passed by the National Assembly, marking a new milestone in the development of sports in the country. The Sports Law has dedicated a section of 6 articles to regulate physical education and sports activities in schools, which is the legal basis for enhancing responsibility for sports activities in general and sports activities in schools in particular [77].

Not only leading physical education and sports and education and training through guidelines and policies, the State also proposes solutions for effective implementation. One of the solutions is to promote the socialization of education and sports. With the view that education and sports are the cause of all people, the Government issued Resolution No. 05/NQ-CP on promoting the socialization of education and sports (2005) on socialization policies for activities in the fields of education, vocational training, culture and sports to mobilize resources from the whole society for the cause of education and sports. These documents have created a legal basis for sectors to promote socialization, making all components of society renew their views, awareness and solutions for implementing socialization, creating conditions for the whole society to participate in activities and invest resources to develop physical education and sports movements for everyone, improve top sports achievements and international integration [92].

According to the Law on Physical Education and Sports promulgated on November 29, 2006 by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Physical education and sports in schools include two main contents:

“PE is a core subject in the education program that aims to provide basic knowledge and motor skills to learners through exercises and

"Physical games contribute to the implementation of comprehensive education goals", this is also known as Intracurricular Physical Education;

“School sports activities are voluntary activities of learners organized in an extracurricular manner suitable to their interests, gender, age and health in order to create conditions for learners to exercise their right to play, entertain and develop their sports talents”, also known as extracurricular physical education and sports. [77]

Decree No. 11/2015/ND-CP dated January 31, 2015 of the Prime Minister "Regulations on physical education and sports activities in schools": "Physical education in schools is educational content, a compulsory subject, part of the educational program of all levels and training levels, aiming to equip children, pupils and students with basic knowledge and movement skills, forming the habit of practicing physical exercise and sports to improve health, develop physical strength and stature, contributing to the implementation of comprehensive education goals". [96]

The Vietnam Sports Development Strategy to 2020 has dedicated an important part to physical education and school sports activities. Referring to the weaknesses and shortcomings of physical education work, the Strategy stated: “Physical education work in schools and extracurricular sports activities of students and pupils have not been given due importance, have not met the requirements of maintaining and improving the health of students, and are among the reasons why the physical strength and stature of Vietnamese people are clearly inferior to that of some countries in the region... The main curriculum as well as the content of extracurricular activities are still poor, unreasonable, and do not attract students to participate in extracurricular sports activities” [93, p.5]. It sets out the targets that by 2015, 100% of general schools will fully implement the internal physical education program, 45% of general schools will have sports clubs, have adequate facilities for physical education activities, have enough teachers and sports instructors, carry out good extracurricular sports activities, and 75% of students will have their physical fitness assessed and classified according to physical training standards [93].

In order to develop the physical strength and stature of Vietnamese people to improve the quality of human resources, serving the cause of industrialization and modernization, the Prime Minister has approved the overall project on developing the physical strength and stature of Vietnamese people in the period of 2011-2030; including the program on developing physical strength and stature by enhancing physical education. One of the main contents of this program is: "Ensuring the quality of teaching and learning physical education in formal curriculum, extracurricular sports activities for students, building

"Building a reasonable physical education program..." and "Using local sports facilities to serve physical education activities in schools" [94, p.162].

Resolution No. 08-NQ/TW of the Politburo dated December 1, 2011 on strengthening the Party's leadership, creating strong development steps in physical training and sports by 2020: "The goal of this Resolution is to continue to perfect the organizational apparatus, innovate management, improve the quality of physical training and sports staff; strengthen physical training facilities, promote scientific and technological research as a foundation for strong and solid development of physical training and sports by 2020"[7]; The Government's Action Program to implement Resolution No. 08NQ/TW dated December 1, 2011 of the Politburo of the 11th Party Central Committee on strengthening the Party's leadership, creating a strong development step in physical education and sports by 2020 (Issued with Resolution No. 16/NQ-CP dated January 14, 2013 of the Government) affirmed: "Innovating physical education programs and methods, linking physical education with education of will, morality, national defense education, health education and life skills of students. Expanding and improving the quality of mass physical education activities: Improving the quality of the movement "All people exercise following the example of great Uncle Ho", mobilizing and attracting a large number of people to participate in physical education and sports...; Party committees at all levels, authorities, the Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations need to thoroughly understand the Party's viewpoints on physical education and sports work" [95].

In summary, the documents and directives of the Party and the State have shown a consistent ideology: Respecting and promoting the role of physical education and sports in society, including physical education and sports in schools at all levels; at the same time, fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training is an objective and urgent requirement in our country at the present stage. Physical education is a subject in the national education program, a comprehensive education for the young generation, the future owners of the country, aiming to train for the country a generation with high intellectual development, strong physical strength, rich spirit, pure morality, meeting the requirements of the process of industrialization and modernization of the country. Therefore, innovation of physical education and physical education in schools at all levels is also an urgent issue at the present stage.

1.2. Some basic issues on extracurricular physical education and sports in schools at all levels

1.2.1. Overview of extracurricular sports activities in schools at all levels

Extracurricular physical education activities, also known as extracurricular physical education, are sports activities in schools, are voluntary activities of learners organized in an extracurricular manner suitable to their interests, gender, age, health and conditions of the training facility to create conditions for learners to exercise their right to play, entertain, and develop their sports talents [77].

Along with the internal physical education hours, physical education plays an important role in improving health, physical strength, educating students' will and personality, and is also a favorable environment with great potential to discover and nurture sports talents. In the period of scientific and technological development, physical education also has a positive meaning for the community, guiding the young generation to healthy sports activities, avoiding social evils.

Extracurricular sports are mainly voluntary sports activities, taking place in the form of an organized program with an instructor or self-practice, often conducted outside of regular school hours, with content suitable to the interests, gender, age, facilities of the training facility and health of the students [93].

Extracurricular physical education and sports activities play an important role in education. Extracurricular activities combined with teaching and learning activities form a complete school education structure, contributing to the completion of educational goals and tasks. Extracurricular physical education and sports together with curricular physical education are a unified entity of school physical education and sports and exist in parallel, supporting and complementing each other, without any aspect being missing [76]

Organizing physical education and sports activities for junior high school students is a practical task and is demonstrated with the following purposes: Satisfying the physical activity needs of junior high school students; Forming a reasonable study and rest regime; Creating a healthy physical education, entertainment and recreation environment, guiding students to positive activities, staying away from social evils... During the 4 years of junior high school, students only have about 2,800 hours of physical education (equivalent to 2 periods/week and 35 weeks/school year), while the time for physical education and sports activities is many times more [103, p.404]. Exercise is the most basic need of students in schools at all levels, including junior high school students. The World Health Organization also warns: "Reducing physical activity and physical education programs in schools is an alarming trend worldwide" [124]. Therefore, organizing more physical education and sports activities to satisfy this need is very necessary. According to author Theo ADNovicov - LPMatveev: The development of science and technology and the increasing amount of new information make the learning work of students in schools at all levels increasingly difficult.

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