Organizing extracurricular activities in history teaching at Thanh Ha High School - Hai Duong on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam

teaching combining formal and extracurricular studies or integrating the content of the subject program into the program of extracurricular activities.

One of the modern educational solutions that helps to orient and maximize the learners’ capacity is to organize extracurricular activities. This is a form of teaching organization that is very different from the traditional teaching method. The most different and changed point is that the role of the learner and the teacher has changed. This change has transformed the learning process of students from passive to active, from listening to lectures to thinking activities, independent work, group work and stimulating students’ creativity.

The reality of teaching history in high schools today shows that the internal study hours are still heavy, not stimulating interest and developing students' creative learning ability. To achieve educational goals, it is necessary to diversify the forms of organizing learning activities, including the important role of extracurricular activities to help students deepen and expand their knowledge, promote positivity and creativity that they cannot do well in internal study hours due to time conditions, teaching aids or exam pressure.

The history of Vietnam grade 12 from 1919 to present (2000) in the standard high school curriculum has many events marking important milestones of the country. Especially the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam, which is the inevitable result of the national struggle and class struggle, is the affirmation of the leadership role of the Vietnamese working class and the Marxist-Leninist ideology for the Vietnamese revolution. The founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the first inevitable preparation of decisive nature for the leaps in the historical evolution of the Vietnamese nation, which began with the victory of the August Revolution in 1945 and the birth of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. These events have been studied in the internal curriculum, but due to the time of a class period, only the basic features of historical events can be studied, which has been

leading to students not understanding deeply. Therefore, increasing the organization of extracurricular activities is one of the solutions to help students understand more deeply about events and characters who have made great contributions to the history of the nation. In 2020, the whole country had many practical activities to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam to raise awareness and pride in the glorious fighting tradition of our Party and people.

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The author himself was assigned to be a history teacher and concurrently held the position of Secretary of the Youth Union of Thanh Ha High School. Every school year, the author often organizes many extracurricular activities for students, helping students to participate in experiences, practice teamwork, and bring about very high efficiency. As a history teacher, the author wishes to organize extracurricular activities of the subject to deepen and enrich students' knowledge when participating in in-class hours, contributing to creating interest in learning history.

From reality and awareness of the importance of extracurricular activities for the above reasons, the author chose the issue: "Organizing extracurricular activities in teaching history at Thanh Ha High School - Hai Duong (on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam)" as the topic of the master's thesis in educational science, majoring in History teaching methods.

2. History of research on the problem

Extracurricular activities are a form of teaching and learning that has positive effects on all three aspects: nurturing, educating and developing students. In teaching in general, and history teaching in particular, extracurricular activities are an important and necessary issue to diversify teaching methods and create interest in learning for students. This issue has been studied by educators and history educators at home and abroad.

2.1. Research projects abroad

In the book Pedagogy by Cairop (translated by Khu hoc tru, Su That Publishing House, Hanoi 1960), when referring to extracurricular forms, the author believes that it is necessary to have a plan for building extracurricular activities carefully. Cairop believes that "Extracurricular activities attract students, make them interested and come to the conclusion that extracurricular activities need to be carefully thought out and carried out in all classes in the education system without being erratic" .

In the book " Students' Thinking" (Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 1970), author MN Sacdacop said: "In the development of thinking, curiosity plays a very special role, it is the driving force and at the same time also shows the level of thinking that is forming".

According to Paplov's theory of optimistic nervous activity, "understanding appears on the basis of unconditional reflexes of inquiry, the later development of curiosity is thanks to learning and education. Curiosity becomes the basis for the formation of cognitive interests throughout the learning period."

Based on the Marxist-Leninist doctrine and the higher nervous activity of I. Pavlov, the Soviet psychologist considered human interest as one of the perceptions reflecting objective reality. Interest is expressed by the attitude of choosing the objects of activity, by special tendencies towards the objects.

In the book " Individual Psychology " (volume 1, Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 1971),

AG Kovaliov wrote about interest in learning. The author considered interest as a specific attitude of an individual towards a certain object, on that basis proposed positive educational methods.

Author AAVaghin in the book " Methods of teaching history in high schools " (Education Publishing House, Moscow, 1972, Translated documents) affirmed that the content of extracurricular activities is very rich, classifying the activities

This is based on cognitive sources: teacher's words, using written documents and visual aids. At the same time, the author also gives 15 forms of extracurricular activities, emphasizing reading, participating in local history work, and visiting relics.

In the field of educational science, the author GISukina in the book " The problem of interest in educational science" (Translated document - Hanoi College of Education Documentation Group, 1973) also mentioned the problem of forming cognitive interest in teaching, from which the author determined the basis for developing interest. The author also pointed out the factors that affect the stimulation of forming cognitive interest in students during the learning process.

Also discussing interest, the book “ From interest to talent ” (Women’s Publishing House, 1975) by author LXXlovaytrich, argues that interest is the development of personality as well as talent of students. The book contributes to making readers understand more deeply and have a general assessment of students’ interest in the cognitive process.

In the book “ Problem-based learning ” (Education Publishing House - 1977), author I.Ia.Lecne affirmed the importance of interest in cognition. According to the author: “The desire to know, even the need to know, is a necessary condition for effective learning, but not enough for problem-based learning. Problem-based learning requires interest in the cognitive process itself, in the process of independent and creative exploration”.

In the book " Methods of teaching history in high schools " (N.G. Dairi, editor-in-chief, Education Publishing House, Moscow, 1978, translated document), the authors proposed replacing the word "extracurricular work" with the word "out-of-class activities" and proposed some basic contents of out-of-class activities in history teaching.

The issue of interest was also mentioned by IF Kharlamop in " How to promote students' active learning" ( Education Publishing House 1979). The author affirmed the importance of interest in teaching and learning activities, from which the author

The author emphasizes the need to motivate students to improve learning efficiency.

In the book “Education” volume 2 (Education Publishing House, Hanoi 1979), TA Ilina mentioned the organization of extracurricular educational activities. He believed that the purpose of these activities is to supplement and deepen formal education. First of all, it is “a means to fully discover students’ abilities, awaken their interests and inclinations towards certain activities and is also a form of entertainment for them, a basis for managing the practice of ethical behavior to build experience of this behavior” .

In the book Pedagogy, Vol. 1 (Education Publishing House, Hanoi 1983), author NVSavin mentioned many general issues of pedagogy from teaching methods, forms of assessment, self-study for students... In which, regarding lessons, the author gave the view that besides lessons in class, there are also lessons outside of class, which are extracurricular activities.

In addition, there are many research works by psychologists such as AnaRoô (USA), Saclotta BiuBle (Germany) studying the issue of interest. Saclotta believes that: The issue of interest is a special phenomenon that has not yet been determined, its complex structure is very difficult to study because the causes of interest are diverse.

In the “Recommendation” No. 1283 (1996) of the Parliament of the Council of Europe (now the European Community) on issues related to history and historical learning in Europe, it is affirmed that “The content of history programs must be very broad, must include all areas of social life, the role of individuals in history”.

In the book Modern Technologies in Teaching History in Secondary Schools, Moscow, 2007 (Russian version: М.T. Студеникин (2007): Modern technologies in teaching history in secondary schools, Biblical history, Moscow), the author MT Studenikin mentioned the following contents:

Content related to history teaching methods, the nature of history teaching, the author devoted important content to discuss history lessons, historical methods, teaching forms related to historical activities such as visual teaching, teaching associated with relics, field trips, museums, teaching associated with reality... thereby affirming the important task in teaching is to create a close connection between classroom teaching and extracurricular activities.

In the work Impact of Extracurricular Activities on Students by Wilson, Nikki L, University of Wisconsin-Stout, 2009 pointed out the importance of Extracurricular Activities in the learning process. Extracurricular Activities will help learners improve their academic level, have higher self-awareness, and form skills such as teamwork and leadership,...

In the book Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom (translated by Le Quang Long, published by Education Publishing House in 2013), author Thomas Armstrong mentioned many activities to teach the theory of multiple intelligences, including activities such as field trips, quick experiential activities, storytelling, games, etc. Thomas Armstrong quoted Rousseau to affirm the role of teaching activities in practice, practical experience: " Children should not learn through words but through experience, not through books but through the school book of life" [50, p.63].

In the book Eight innovations to become a good teacher, by Giselle O.Martin - Kniep (translated by Le Van Canh, Education Publishing House, published in 2013), issues of interdisciplinary integration, curriculum development, assessment methods, etc. were presented. In Chapter 4 of this book, the author presents Assessment close to real life. The author believes that: Assessment close to real life " is a means to help students participate in problems and challenges that exist and may exist in life " [18, p.54].

Thus, although the authors look at it from different perspectives, they all agree that the need for understanding is a necessary condition.

It is necessary for students to study effectively and to have good results, it is necessary to create cognitive interest for them through many different pedagogical measures, including extracurricular activities.

2.2. Domestic research projects

In our country, there are not many research works on extracurricular activities, organizing competitions to create interest in general and interest in learning in particular. Up to now, this issue is still being clarified.

In the field of educational science, the authors have approached the following works:

Educators such as Ha The Ngu, Dang Vu Hoat, and Pham Viet Vuong all agree that: In addition to the internal activities prescribed by the Ministry of Education in the classroom program, it is necessary to attach importance to extracurricular activities. This is a form of bringing students into real life, students are active, learn about issues, increase their practical life experience, as well as practice subject practice skills.

In the work "Education" (volumes 1 and 2, Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 1987) by Ha The Ngu and Dang Vu Hoat, interactive activities are considered one of the teaching methods that can create interest for students, help them expand, improve, deepen their knowledge and practice skills better.

In the textbooks: General Pedagogy (National University Publishing House, Hanoi, 1996); Pedagogy (National University Publishing House, Hanoi 2008), Pham Viet Vuong mentioned aspects such as: General issues of pedagogy, teaching theory, educational theory and educational management in schools. In which, the author analyzed the forms of teaching organization in general schools, especially the forms of extracurricular activities. For each form, the author raised basic issues such as: implementation methods, roles, and meanings of that form of extracurricular activities.

In the work Basic problems of modern education,

(Education Publishing House, Hanoi 1998, reprinted in 2001, 2008), Thai Duy Tuyen affirmed

" The principle of education linked to life is a prominent and pervasive principle in the history of world education" [p.82]. This is one of the educational principles of our Party, learning goes hand in hand with practice, theory is linked to practice and is the basis for the author to propose solutions to innovate HĐNK.

In the textbook " Age Psychology and Pedagogical Psychology " (Education Publishing House, 2008), author Le Van Hong, editor-in-chief, affirmed: Teachers who teach in class must also know how to perform various tasks outside of class hours, including extracurricular activities for students.

In the science of History education, research works on extracurricular activities in history teaching all affirm the role and contribution of extracurricular activities in creating interest in learning for students.

In the book Draft of History Teaching Methods in Secondary and High Schools (Education Publishing House, Hanoi 1961), authors Le Khac Nhan, Hoang Trieu and Hoang Trong Hanh presented the most general and systematic presentation of issues in history teaching at that time such as: Objectives, tasks of the subject, methods of teaching history, forming historical concepts, teaching by visual means... In chapter VII, the authors mentioned practical extracurricular content in History subject, such as: Theoretical basis of extracurricular work in schools, basic forms of extracurricular work, methods of implementation, role and position of extracurricular activities... Specifically, the authors divided extracurricular activities into 4 basic forms: Visiting historical sites, museums; Drawing maps and pictures, historical models...; Reading books, watching movies, telling stories, discussing historical topics and collecting, gathering, recording local historical documents. In the book Lectures on History Teaching Methods (Education Publishing House, Hanoi 1961) of the Department of Pedagogy, the Ministry of Education and Training also introduced issues related to history teaching methods, including mentioning extracurricular activities.

history lock

In the work History Teaching Methods consisting of 2 volumes (Education Publishing House, Hanoi 1966) by the group of authors Tran Van Tri, Phan Ngoc Lien, Hoang Trong Hanh,

Organizing extracurricular activities in history teaching at Thanh Ha High School - Hai Duong on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam - 2

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