Table 3.32. Nutritional content of digestible feeds for sheep
Food type
Target
Natural grass | Elephant grass (VA-06) | Jackfruit leaves | guava leaves | |
Dry matter (g/kg fresh TA) | 152.90 | 146.38 | 209.72 | 166.67 |
Organic matter (g/kg dry matter TA) | 676.89 | 674.94 | 609.68 | 558.59 |
Crude protein (g/kg dry matter TA) | 79.72 | 66.40 | 66.67 | 119.83 |
NDF (g/kg dry matter TA) | 448.86 | 492.86 | 253.13 | 226.99 |
Gross digestible energy (kcal/kg dry matter) | 2792.63 | 2793.53 | 2590.11 | 2138.12 |
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a,b, Values in the same row with different letters in the superscript are different (P< 0.05)
Table 3.32 shows that the digestible nutrient content of sheep feeds varies between feeds. The amount of digestible dry matter ranges from 146.38 to 209.72 g/kg; organic matter is 558.59 to 676.89 g/kg; crude protein is 66.4 to 119.83 g/kg.
Compared with natural grass and elephant grass, the amount of digestible dry matter and crude protein of jackfruit leaves and guava leaves is quite high, higher than natural grass and elephant grass, especially the amount of digestible protein in guava leaves (119.83 g/kg). Meanwhile, the amount of dry matter and crude protein intake is low (Table 3.29), the digestibility rate of dry matter and crude protein is low (Table 3.31).
3.5.5. Nitrogen (N) accumulation in sheep
The results of nitrogen accumulation assessment of sheep are shown in Table 3.33.
Table 3.32 shows that the amount of N absorbed in sheep fed guava leaves is higher than that of the other foods (P<0.05). The amount of N absorbed is lowest in sheep fed elephant grass (P<0.05), while the amount of N absorbed in sheep fed natural grass and jackfruit leaves is similar (P>0.05).
Roughage sources also affected the amount of N accumulated in sheep (P<0.05), the highest amount of N accumulated was in sheep fed natural grass, followed by leaves.
The N accumulation rate (% of N intake) was low in the jackfruit leaf diet, while BV did not show any statistical difference between the diets (P>0.05). The BV values of the diets ranged from 70.3 to 83.2. However, the absolute values of BV in natural grass and jackfruit leaves (83.2 and 80.1) were higher than those in elephant grass and the N accumulation rate in the jackfruit leaf diet (77.9 and 70.3).
Table 3.33. Nitrogen accumulation in sheep
Food type
Target
Natural grass | Elephant grass (VA-06) | Jackfruit leaves | guava leaves | SEM 1 | P | |
N received (g) | 8.92a | 7.47b | 8.72a | 10.50 c | 0.330 | 0.00 |
N excreted in feces (g) | 2.08a | 1.71a | 4.39b | 2.99 c | 0.245 | 0.00 |
Digestible N intake (g) | 6.84 ac | 5.76a | 4.33b | 7.51 c | 0.330 | 0.00 |
N excreted in urine (g) | 1.11a | 1.26a | 0.84a | 2.18b | 0.200 | 0.01 |
Accumulated N (g) | 5.73 AC | 4.50 abc | 3.49b | 5.33 c | 0.439 | 0.04 |
Cumulative N Rate (% N Acquisition) | 63.8a | 60.1a | 40.0b | 51.1 ab | 3,675 | 0.02 |
BV (%) | 83.2 | 77.9 | 80.1 | 70.3 | 3,159 | 0.11 |
a, b, c, Values in the same row with different letters in the cap are different (P<0.05)
According to Kusmartono (2007), using rations of fermented jackfruit by-products, fermented jackfruit by-products + cherry leaves, fermented jackfruit by-products + cassava leaves on a basic ration of straw, the nitrogen intake ratios, the accumulated nitrogen ratios compared to the nitrogen intake in sheep were 25.43; 30.53; 37.66 g/day and 52.3; 59.1; 58.9%, respectively. According to Paengkoum (2011), in goats eating guava leaves, the nitrogen intake was 0.52 DM kg/head/day, the nitrogen accumulation ratio was 59.8% compared to the nitrogen intake.
The analysis results of the above feeds show that, in addition to natural grass and elephant grass, jackfruit leaves and lower leaves both have high protein content (13.5 - 16.7% respectively), and can be used as a source of protein supplement for sheep raised in household conditions.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. CONCLUSION
Phan Rang sheep have existed and adapted for more than a hundred years in Ninh Thuan, characterized by dry - hot weather, high average temperature and low humidity. Phan Rang sheep when raised in Thua Thien Hue conditions, the weather has the general characteristics of cold - humid; cold - humid winter, dry - hot summer; temperature and THI are lower than Ninh Thuan, conversely humidity is higher; initially, some conclusions have been drawn as follows:
1. Physiological indicators (body temperature, heart rate, skin temperature, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and white blood cells) of sheep raised in Thua Thien Hue were not different from those in Ninh Thuan; while the respiratory rate was higher (14.54 times/minute) but still within the general physiological range of sheep. Temperature, humidity and THI were closely correlated with respiratory rate (R 2 : 0.73-0.82) and hemoglobin content (P<0.05). Physiological indicators of sheep increased significantly (P<0.05) at temperature >29.5 0 C, THI >28.5 and humidity <75%.
2. Temperature and THI are closely correlated (P<0.05) with sheep feed intake. At temperatures >29.5 - 32.5 0 C, for every 1 0 C increase, sheep feed intake decreases by 14.7 gDM/LW/day. When THI value >28.5, for every 1 value increase, sheep feed intake decreases by 16.2 gDM/LW/day.
3. Most of the growth indicators of Phan Rang sheep raised in Thua Thien Hue are normal and similar to sheep raised in other regions in the country; except for the weight and carcass ratio being lower than sheep raised in Ninh Thuan.
4. In addition to natural grass and elephant grass, jackfruit leaves and guava branches can be used as feed sources for sheep in household farming.
The above conclusions initially show that Phan Rang sheep have the ability to adapt to the temperature and humidity environment in Thua Thien Hue.
2. PROPOSAL
1. Continue research on the reproduction of Phan Rang sheep raised in Thua Thien Hue to have clearer conclusions about the ability to adapt in high humidity environmental conditions.
2. Study the effects of feed types on productivity and meat quality of lambs in hot and humid conditions to improve the sheep farming process in the production system in Thua Thien Hue.
LIST OF RESEARCH WORKS
1. Bui Van Loi, Nguyen Xuan Ba, Nguyen Huu Van and Le Duc Ngoan (2013). Determining the growth and reproductive capacity of Phan Rang sheep raised in Thua Thien Hue. Journal of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology. No. 8-2013, pp. 65-74.
2. Bui Van Loi, Nguyen Xuan Ba, Nguyen Huu Van, Dinh Van Dung and Le Duc Ngoan (2012). Evaluation of nutritional value of some green roughage for sheep in Thua Thien Hue. Journal of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology. No. 10-2012, pp. 63-68.
REFERENCES
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