Home / Human Resources Development

Theoretical Basis of Human Resource Development in Tourism Industry Chapter 2: Current Status of Human Resource Development in Tourism Industry


Chapter 1: Theoretical basis for human resource development in tourism industry Chapter 2: Current status of human resource development in tourism industry

Ho Chi Minh City 2001-2013

Chapter 3: Solutions for developing human resources for the tourism industry in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2013-2020


Maybe you are interested!

CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BASIS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

1.1. Human resources and human resource development 1.1.1: Human resources

Theoretical Basis of Human Resource Development in Tourism Industry Chapter 2: Current Status of Human Resource Development in Tourism Industry

Human resources and human resources development are one of the core and strategic issues that determine the success in the socio-economic development process of each country.

The term human resources appeared in the 80s of the 20th century when there was a fundamental change in the method of managing and using people in the labor economy, from considering employees as an executive, dependent force, needing to exploit their labor to the maximum with minimal cost, to a more flexible and agile human resource management, creating better conditions to be able to maximize the potential of workers.

Nowadays, the concept of human resources is understood from many different perspectives.

each other:

United Nations report assessing the impacts of globalization on

Human resources have been defined as: "Human resources are all the knowledge, skills, experience, capacity and creativity of people related to the development of each individual and the country" [17,13].

According to this approach, the United Nations' concept of human resources emphasizes the quality of human resources in terms of knowledge, professional skills, and labor capacity, without mentioning the ethics, lifestyle, and personality of the workers. This approach considers human potential as a capacity and ability, from which there are many appropriate management and utilization mechanisms.

According to Professor, Doctor of Science Phan Minh Hac and other scientists participating in the KX-07 program, “human resources should be understood as the population and human quality, including physical and mental health, health and intelligence, capacity, quality and morality of workers. It is the totality of current human resources.


have the reality and potential to be prepared to participate in the socio-economic development of a country or a locality…”[9, 65].

This concept has become more comprehensive when it fully addresses human resources in terms of physical, mental, intellectual and moral qualities of workers.

According to the concept of the Communist Party of Vietnam, "human resources are the most valuable and play a decisive role, especially for our country when financial and material resources are limited", that is "highly intelligent workers, skilled workers, with good qualities, trained, nurtured and developed by an advanced education associated with modern science" [4,11].

The concept of the Communist Party of Vietnam reflects the general concept of human resources in terms of physical strength, intelligence, and mental strength and has stated the scientific basis for the development of these factors, which is advanced education associated with modern science.

Thus, human resources are the labor capacity of society, a resource for socio-economic development, including the total physical and intellectual factors mobilized by individuals to participate in the labor process.

Although there are many different viewpoints and definitions depending on the research approach, in general, Human Resources must be studied in terms of quantity, quality and structure.

In terms of human resource quantity: Human resource quantity is studied in terms of scale and growth rate of human resource.

Regarding the quality of human resources: Human resource quality is the synthesis of many components such as intelligence, qualifications, understanding, ethics, skills, physical strength, aesthetics... of the workers. In which, intelligence and physical strength are two important factors in considering and evaluating the quality of human resources.

Human resource structure: reflected in the structure of age, gender, training level

create.

Thus, human resources can be understood as the total labor potential of

people in a country, a territory, a specific locality


with the material and spiritual life and national traditions where human resources exist.

1.1.2. Human resource development


Like the concept of human resources, the concept of human resource development is approached from different perspectives and is increasingly improved.

From the perspective of considering people as capital - human capital, "Human resource development is investment activities to create human resources with quantity and quality to meet the needs of socio-economic development of the country, while ensuring the development of each individual" [7,19].

According to the International Labor Organization ILO, Human resource development includes not only the acquisition of professional skills, but also, in addition to capacity development, it is making people have the need to use that capacity to move towards effective employment as well as career and personal satisfaction.

The United Nations believes that human resource development includes education, training and the use of human potential to promote socio-economic development and improve the quality of life.

There is also a concept that human resource development is the process of improving people in all aspects: physical strength, intelligence, and mental strength, while at the same time allocating, using, exploiting and promoting human resources most effectively through the system of labor division and job creation for economic and social development.

Thus, although there are different expressions, human resource development can be understood as the process of improving human capacity in all aspects to effectively participate in the national development process, is the driving force for progress and impacts all aspects of social life.

More specifically, human resource development is the sum of forms, methods, policies and measures to improve and enhance social labor to meet the human resource requirements for socio-economic development in each stage of development.


Aspects of human resource development include: development in quantity and quality.

- Human resource development in terms of quantity is reflected in population size, gender and age structure.

- Developing human resources in terms of quality expressed in physical strength, intelligence and spirit.

+ Physical development is increasing height, weight, longevity, strength and flexibility of nerves and muscles.

+ Intellectual development is the process of improving the intellectual level, professional qualifications, expertise, creativity, skills and techniques of workers in practical activities.

+ Developing mental strength is developing personality, aesthetics, cultural factors, spirit and life views such as: ethics, style, lifestyle,... in each worker.

1.2. Viewpoints of Marxism-Leninism and the Communist Party of Vietnam on human resource development

1.2.1. Marxist-Leninist viewpoint on human resources

Marxism-Leninism always emphasizes the role of human beings and affirms the role and strength of human beings, especially workers, in the development and progress of society. In any period of history, human beings are always an important resource, the most basic productive force in economic and social development. Human beings are the subject of material activities, the leading factor, the factor that plays a decisive role in the productive forces of society. The development of productive forces reflects the level of human mastery and use of natural forces. In material production activities, the more material forces humans master, the higher the level of development of society. The development of productive forces determines the formation, development and mutual replacement of socio-economic forms. C. Marx affirmed: "Economic eras


“Economies differ not in what they produce, but in how they produce it, with what means of labor” [1,580].

Lenin also affirmed: "The leading productive force of all mankind is the worker, the laborer" [21,430]. Humans are the central factor and the purpose of social production. In the development of the system of labor tools and the level of science and technology, human labor skills play a decisive role, surpassing other factors of the production process: "While material can be completely destroyed, human skills such as technology, organizational secrets and working will remain forever" [21,30].

1.2.2. Viewpoint of the Communist Party of Vietnam on human resource development

Inheriting the Marxist-Leninist viewpoint on human beings, our Party always deeply perceives and correctly evaluates the position and role of human resource development to serve the process of industrialization and modernization of the country.

Through each Congress, the Party's awareness of human resource development has changed and become increasingly more complete and profound, in line with the requirements of promoting the human factor in new conditions.

The 8th National Party Congress (1996) set the general goal of "striving to make our country basically an industrialized country" by 2020. Since human resources are the decisive factor in the speed and sustainable development of the new production method, the issue of human resource development is given special attention by the Party. The Party affirmed: "Taking the development of human resources as the basic factor for rapid and sustainable development" [3,13] and "Improving people's knowledge, nurturing and promoting the great resources of the Vietnamese people are the decisive factors for the victory of industrialization and modernization" [4,85]. At the same time, the Party clearly identified that people are both the goal and the driving force of development.

At the 9th Party Congress (2001), it was stated that developing education, training, improving the quality of human resources and science and technology creates key driving forces for rapid and sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to create fundamental and comprehensive changes in education.


Education and training, utilizing all capacities and promoting all potentials of workers; quickly applying advanced and modern technologies; gradually developing knowledge economy.

The 10th Congress expressed its determination to make education and training, together with science and technology, truly the top national policy. Focus on comprehensively reforming education and training, reviving Vietnamese education to develop high-quality human resources. Caring for human resource development is a major orientation in the country's development strategy during the period of industrialization and modernization.

At the 11th Congress (2011), our Party put forward the viewpoint of expanding democracy, maximizing the human factor, considering people as the subject, the main resource and the goal of development. To achieve the general goal of "by 2020, our country will basically become a modern industrialized country", the Party identified three strategic breakthroughs, in which "Rapid development of human resources" was affirmed as the second breakthrough. At this Congress, the Party emphasized the need to develop high-quality human resources.

Thus, although there are differences, the consistent and consistent viewpoint of the Communist Party of Vietnam on human resources is: Human resources are the most valuable, playing a decisive role especially for our country when financial and material resources are still limited.

1.3. Human resources in tourism industry

1.3.1. Concept of tourism, role of tourism industry in economic and social development

1.3.1.1. Concept of tourism

Tourism activities have been formed for a long time and have developed very quickly. Tourism originates from the Greek word meaning to go around. Currently, there are many different concepts of tourism. Many authors focus on explaining tourism as a phenomenon of moving and staying outside the usual place of residence; some other authors focus on tourists and the economic aspect of tourism.


The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has defined: “Tourism includes all activities of people traveling and staying temporarily, for the purpose of sightseeing, exploring and learning, experiencing or for the purpose of resting, entertaining, relaxing; as well as the purpose of practicing their profession and other purposes, for a continuous period but not exceeding one year, outside the settled living environment; but excluding trips whose main purpose is to earn money. Tourism is also a form of active rest in a living environment completely different from the settled place.” [16, 34]

At the United Nations Conference on Tourism held in Rome, Italy (August 21 - September 5, 1963), experts defined, "Tourism is the sum of the relationships, phenomena and economic activities arising from the travel and stay of individuals or groups outside their usual place of residence or outside their country for peaceful purposes. The place they go to is not their place of work."

The International Conference on Tourism and Travel held in Ottawa, Canada in June 1991 agreed to define tourism as follows: “Tourism includes all activities of people traveling and staying temporarily, for the purpose of sightseeing, exploring or for the purpose of rest, entertainment, relaxation; as well as business and other purposes, for a continuous period but not more than one year, outside the permanent living environment.”

Professor, Dr. Hunziker and Professor, Dr. Krapf - Two people considered to lay the foundation for the theory of tourism supply gave the definition: "Tourism is a set of relationships and phenomena arising during the journeys and stays of non-local people, if that stay does not become a permanent residence and is not related to profit-making activities" [8,13].

In Vietnam, the concept of Tourism is stated in the Law on Tourism as follows: "Tourism is activities related to human trips outside their regular place of residence to meet the needs of sightseeing, learning, entertainment, and relaxation within a certain period of time" [10,10].

From an economic perspective, tourism is a service industry that brings high economic efficiency , serving the needs of sightseeing, entertainment and relaxation.

Comment


Agree Privacy Policy *