Natural, Economic and Social Characteristics of Hanoi

2.1 Natural, economic and social characteristics of Hanoi

2.1.1 Natural conditions

After being expanded in August 2008, Hanoi has an area of ​​up to 3,348.52 km2 with a total population of 6,450 million people. Currently, Hanoi has 10 districts, 18 counties, one town (including 401 communes, 154 wards and 22 towns) (General Statistics Office, 2008) [12]. The natural conditions of the city related to the sustainable development of the vegetable industry in general and RAT in particular include: Geographical location, climate characteristics, weather, terrain, soil, rivers, streams, groundwater...

2.1.1.1 Geographical location

Hanoi is located in the Northwest of the Red River from latitude 20°53' to 21°23' and from longitude 105°44' to 106°02', bordering Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho and Vinh Phuc provinces to the North; Ha Nam and Hoa Binh to the South; Bac Giang, Bac Ninh and Hung Yen to the East, and Hoa Binh to the West.

2.1.1.2 Weather and climate

Hanoi has a typical climate of Northern Vietnam with hot and humid summers and relatively cold and dry winters. The minimum winter temperature in Hanoi can drop as low as 6 - 7°C, not including the cold wind, while the summer is as hot as 38 - 40°C. From May to September, Hanoi has a lot of rain (1,682 mm/year rainfall). The winter months from October to March of the following year, the climate is relatively dry. Spring often has drizzle. Every year there are 110 - 140 sunny days, the highest total number of sunny hours is 1,691.5 hours, the lowest

1,157 hours.

Hanoi's climate has also recorded unusual changes. In 2008, extreme weather events occurred, including severe cold spells.

The historic drought lasted continuously for 38 days in January and February, and the historic flood in the city caused by heavy rains in late October and early November. The unusual developments of weather and climate caused significant damage to the sustainable development of the vegetable industry in general and RAT in particular in Hanoi.

2.1.1.3 Terrain

The terrain of Hanoi gradually decreases from North to South and from West to East. 3/4 of Hanoi's natural area is plain with an altitude of 5 to 20 meters above sea level. This plain area stretches from the West of the Da River, along both banks of the Red River and branches of other rivers. In general, the terrain is flat, with 2 typical low-lying areas of the plain with depressions: My Duc (inside the dike, right bank of the Day River) and Ung Hoa, Thuong Tin, Phu Xuyen.

Semi-mountainous terrain in the West and North. The mountainous area is mostly in Soc Son, Ba Vi, Quoc Oai, My Duc districts, with peaks such as Ba Vi at 1,281 m, Gia De at 707 m, Chan Chim at 462 m, Thanh Lanh at 427 m, Thien Tru at 378 m... The inner city area also has some low hills, such as Dong Da hill and Nung mountain.

2.1.1.4 Soil

In general, Hanoi's land is relatively flat, fertile, quite favorable for production, suitable for developing an intensive, high-quality agricultural system with a rich and diverse crop structure. Short-term crops can be grown multiple times a year.

2.1.1.5 Hydrology

Hanoi has two large rivers flowing through it, the Red River and the Da River, with a length of 163 km. In addition, there are other rivers flowing through it, such as the Day River, the Duong River, the Cau River, and the Ca Lo River. The To Lich River, the Kim Nguu River, the Lu River, and the Set River are considered the natural drainage systems of the city. The dense river system is an advantage for Hanoi's agricultural and economic activities. However, the rivers also have seasonal fluctuations in water levels, which are unstable.

determined in providing irrigation water and silt for agricultural areas.

Currently, the Day River system is being renovated. When completed, it will be a source of water supply from the Red River for agricultural production and contribute to environmental improvement.

Hanoi is also a city with many lakes. The large lake system, providing irrigation water for agricultural production, includes: Ngai Son, Dong Mo, Dong Suong, Suoi Hai, Dong Quan, Dong Do, Xuan Khanh, Tuy Lai, Quan Son lakes...

2.1.1.6 Groundwater

The area with groundwater resources and hydrogeological units rich in water is Chuong My (Mieu Mon, Xuan Mai...) with good water quality, quite large capacity of 0.74 - 18.5 l/s.

The delta has abundant and shallow groundwater resources of good quality and reserves.

In short, Hanoi's natural conditions are extremely favorable for agricultural production and the development of safe and high-quality vegetable production.

2.1.2 Socio-economic conditions

About Hanoi's human resources

The most important resource in socio-economic development is human resources. Hanoi has an abundant and well-trained labor force, with 11% of the labor force having received university and college training, of which the rate in the inner city is higher than in the suburbs. Hanoi has 50.8% of the labor force having graduated from high school, of which 64.2% are in the inner city districts and 34.9% are in the suburban districts.

According to the assessment of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Hanoi [26], there is currently no complete study on the agricultural labor force, but the population and agricultural labor force in suburban districts are all young labor forces (Table 2.1). Most of them have a secondary school education or higher, have good awareness of production development and economic development. This is a favorable condition for commodity production, requiring increasingly high knowledge.

knowledge of scientific and technological progress

Table 2.1. Population and labor force in suburban areas of Hanoi in 2009

STT

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Source: Hanoi Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2010

Located in the heart of the North, with a dense transport network including roads, railways, airways and waterways, Hanoi is easily accessible to all cities in the country and internationally. Noi Bai International Airport with modern facilities and 5 domestic railway lines and 1 international railway line to Beijing, China connects Hanoi to all major cultural and economic centers of Vietnam and to the largest economic center in the region.

In the period 2005 - 2008, despite being affected by the economic crisis and recession, Hanoi's GDP still achieved a growth rate of over 10%/year. In 2009, Hanoi's economic growth rate reached 6.5%, and the average annual growth rate during this period still reached 10.28%.

As the political, economic and cultural center of the country, Hanoi is one of the two largest centers in the country, with many advantages for absorbing new scientific and technological advances and domestic and foreign market information.

water, training and developing human resources, attracting highly qualified intellectuals. The structure of economic value has changed significantly. In 2000, the structure of the agricultural and forestry sector accounted for 10.4%. Since 2007, the structure of this sector has been stable, contributing 6.5% of the city's total domestic product.

Table 2.2. Gross domestic product (GDP) value of Hanoi (calculated at current prices)

Total product

GDP

Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook 2008

2.1.3 Agricultural development situation of Hanoi

Located in the fertile Red River Delta, Hanoi's agricultural and forestry land area is 192,720.6 hectares (accounting for 57.55% of the natural land area), of which agricultural land is 156,646.2 hectares; 24,046.8 hectares of forestry land and 10,158.3 hectares of water surface for aquaculture, distributed in 21 districts and 1 town.

Promoting the advantages of land, labor, science and technology, in recent times, Hanoi's agriculture and rural areas have achieved many encouraging results in production. Although the economy of Hanoi's agricultural and rural areas only accounts for a small proportion,

low, but it plays an important role in ensuring social security.

Table 2.3. Production value and economic structure of Hanoi's agricultural sector

TT Indicator

Note: Calculated at actual price

Source: Hanoi Statistical Office

Production value in 2008 increased by 9.84% compared to 2007. The area of ​​perennial crops, especially the area of ​​specialty fruit trees such as Dien grapefruit, Duong Canh orange... and fruit varieties with high economic efficiency: longan, guava, apple... are increasingly expanding. Livestock and aquaculture have developed stably. Veterinary work has been well maintained, livestock and poultry have been fully vaccinated, and no dangerous epidemics have occurred in livestock, poultry and aquaculture. - Gradually improve the operational capacity of 986 agricultural cooperatives in the area in the role of shifting the structure of crops and livestock at the grassroots level; well organize basic services for agricultural production, creating favorable conditions for household economy.

development. Effectively implement projects on hunger eradication and poverty reduction, build infrastructure for poor communes; projects on agricultural, industrial, fishery, forestry extension...

The scale of vegetable production in recent years has not only increased in area but also initially formed specialized areas, concentrated production towards commodity production. In some areas of high-quality vegetable cultivation, the value can reach over 150 million VND/ha/year (according to actual prices). Agricultural production in the coming period is influenced by many factors, including internal and external factors, creating basic advantages and difficulties affecting the City's agricultural production.

The consumer market is large and stable, diverse and requires high quality products. The educational level of the people is relatively high, transportation is convenient, and at the same time, the area has many universities, research facilities, and the ability to invest in agriculture is often higher... so there is a high possibility of quick access to scientific and technical advances to develop agricultural production towards industrialization, modernization, diversification in production and towards high-value agricultural products. The need for planning agricultural ecotourism is becoming increasingly urgent, so promoting the rapid formation and protection of green spaces, ecological landscapes, specialty products, craft villages... are basic advantages.

Difficulties and challenges are not small, such as the lack of a general plan for the City, so there is no agricultural planning, so the stability of production areas is not high, and it is not possible to determine a stable agricultural production area. The rapid urbanization rate has caused a sharp decrease in land for agricultural production. For many subjective and objective reasons, the urbanized area is often planned in fertile land with good farming quality. Production areas are fragmented, interspersed between urban areas, industrial zones, and services; production scale is small and scattered. Mechanisms and policies for the development of