Target
Index | Unit/value of comparison | Value of destination | Point | Source of evidence | |
4. Level of service provision | Tourist/local population ratio | Average annual growth rate | 2% | 1 | Social Economic Situation Report Chieng Chau 2013-2019 |
5. Tourist satisfaction | Tourist satisfaction level | 74% (SAT4) | 3 | Investigation results | |
6. Change cultural change - society | Percentage of local people speaking a non-local language | 30% (youth + children in the process of studying, working) | 4 | Survey results | |
Rate of change in traditional activities and customs | The average rate is about 45%. - There are signs of change in clothing: only worn on festivals and events. - Language, rituals, religion: changed and are being restored. - Thai cuisine changes closer to Kinh and Western cuisine. - The village's rules are gradually not being strictly followed by the people. | 3 | Survey results | ||
Percentage of local people concerned about the loss of cultural community structure and traditional values | 5% | 5 | Survey results | ||
The proportion of new construction in vernacular architecture or considered incompatible with structures and traditions | 40% | 1 | Survey results |
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Environmental impact assessment of Thanh Minh industrial cluster infrastructure investment project, Phu Tho town, Phu Tho Province - 2 -
Some Pictures of the Transformation of Traditional Culture of Thai People in Mai Chau

Target
Index | Unit/value of comparison | Value of destination | Point | Source of evidence | |
7. Local participation in community tourism development | Level of local community participation in tourism planning | 30% | 2 | Survey results | |
Level of community consensus on tourism activities | An estimated 90% of people support it. | 5 | Survey results | ||
Local people's satisfaction with tourism activities | % of people reporting satisfaction | 90% | 5 | Survey results | |
Local security and socio-political situation | No incidents reported | 3 | Social Economic Situation Report Chieng Chau 2013-2019 | ||
8. Approach destination | Accessibility to local tourism information | - There is a common website for the district and province, but the information is not updated regularly and is not easy to look up. - Households ask relatives to set up Facebook, fanpages, and websites to advertise and post news. This is just a spontaneous activity, implemented by households themselves. | 3 | Survey results | |
Infrastructure, destination accessibility, transportation and access | Access by car, motorbike, time: 3 hours from Hanoi | 3 | Survey results | ||
III. Environmental protection | |||||
1. Solid waste management | Waste collection rate and collection situation of tourist facilities | - About 60-70% of waste is collected, dried, burned and buried. - Some automatic databases waste collection and | 3 | Survey results | |
Target
Index | Unit/value of comparison | Value of destination | Point | Source of evidence | |
go out into the ravine, streamside ... | |||||
Situation of waste collection service provision by local authorities | The government arranged 2 cars to collect garbage, collect once every 2 days, the garbage collected is almost not all, it is saved for the following days. | 3 | Survey results | ||
Waste treatment and recycling situation | - Waste is collected to a collection point to be dried, burned, and buried. - No Waste treatment and recycling plant | 2 | Survey results | ||
Propaganda work on toxic waste: training, introduction to harmful effects and collection methods | Mai Chau district opens training classes, instructing on identification, harm, classification and collection methods every year | 4 | Social Economic Report Chieng Chau 2013-2019 Survey results | ||
Percentage of garbage collected on streets and public places | Basically collected, there is still littering, not in the right place. Estimated: 60% | 3 | Survey results | ||
Keep the destination's image clean | 4.19 (ENV6) | 2 | Tourist survey and research results | ||
Local community and visitor awareness of public littering levels | 4.14 (EVN1) | 3 | Tourist survey and research results | ||
2. Wastewater management | Collection and treatment of all types of wastewater; wastewater is recycled for other purposes. | - Household wastewater is only filtered through settling tanks and septic tanks and discharged into the environment. - Some households discharge directly into the environment, rivers and streams. | 1 | Survey results |
Target
Index | Unit/value of comparison | Value of destination | Point | Source of evidence | |
- Proportion of tourism businesses and residents in the area with wastewater treatment systems | Household wastewater is only filtered through settling tanks and septic tanks and discharged into the environment. | 1 | Survey results | ||
Number of pollution events per year | There is no pollution due to tourism; there is only pollution due to local production and business activities. | 3 | Social Economic Situation Report Chieng Chau 2013-2019 | ||
The extent to which local rivers, streams, and lakes are polluted by waste | - Wastewater is discharged into rivers and streams but not at a level of pollution that can be observed and felt with the naked eye. | 1 | Survey results | ||
3. Erosion | - Percentage of surface eroded by tourism activities - Percentage of surface area free of trees and bushes | Normal (about 10%) | 5 | Survey results (Reporter of Commune Leader) | |
4. Visual pollution | Percentage of slope in community with no visible trees or shrubs | Normal (about 10%) | 5 | Survey results (Reporter of Commune Leader) | |
5. Noise pollution | Noise pollution levels: tourist complaints, tourist acceptability | 3.63 (EVN4) | 3 | Tourist survey and research results | |
Average score: | 3.14 | ||||
Note : The author's overall assessment is based on the following scale: 1: Not sustainable; 2: Has some sustainable development criteria; 3: Has developed, but the ratio of good and bad points in sustainable development is equal; 4: Relatively sustainable development, but there are still many points that need to be supplemented, further improved, and edited; 5: Sustainable development.
Appendix 5. Sustainability assessment table of Mai Hich destination
Target
Index | Unit/value of comparison | Value of destination | Point | Source of evidence | |
I. Economic development | |||||
1. Economic benefits | Revenue from operations tourist attraction | Average annual growth rate | 168% | 5 | BC of CBT Mai Hich 2013-2019 |
Average household income | Average annual growth rate | 11% | 4 | Report on Socio-economic situation of Mai Hich commune 2013-2019 | |
Number of locally owned enterprises/Total enterprises in the area? | Average annual growth rate | 32% | 4 | BC of CBT Mai Hich 2013-2019 | |
Number of tourists | Average annual growth rate | 139% | 5 | BC of CBT Mai Hich 2013-2019 | |
Average visitor spending | Cost/day stay | 500,000 VND - 600,000 VND | 4 | BC of CBT Mai Hich 2013-2019 | |
Average number of days of stay | 1.9 | 2 | BC of CBT Mai Hich 2013-2019 | ||
Net economic benefit to the community | 4.36 (ECO5) | 4 | - Survey results - Report of World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and Griffth university, Managing Growth and Sustainable Tourism Governance in Asia and the Pacific, 2017 | ||
II. Social development | |||||
1. Local poverty situation | Poverty rate | Average annual reduction rate | -4.43% | 4 | Report on Socio-economic situation of Mai Hich commune 2013-2019 |
Target
Index | Unit/value of comparison | Value of destination | Point | Source of evidence | |
2. Employment | Employment rate from tourism | Average annual growth rate | 51.40% | 5 | Report on Socio-economic situation of Mai Hich commune 2013-2019 |
3. Infrastructure and services | Level of investment in infrastructure or services | Average investment/year | 1453 | 3 | - Report on Socio-economic situation of Mai Hich commune 2013-2019 http://danviet.vn/nha-nong/nguoi-dan-mai-hich-gop-hon-2-ty-dong-xay-dung-nong- thon-moi- 997678.html |
4. Level of service provision | Tourist/local population ratio | Average annual growth rate | 172% | 5 | Report on Socio-economic situation of Mai Hich commune 2013-2019 |
5. Tourist satisfaction | Tourist satisfaction level | 89% (SAT4) | 4 | Investigation results | |
6. Change cultural change - society | Percentage of local people speaking a non-local language | 30% (youth + children in the process of studying and working) | 4 | Survey results | |
Rate of change in traditional activities and customs | The average rate is about 35%. - There are signs of change in clothing: only worn on festivals and events. - Language, rituals, religion: changed and are being restored. - Thai cuisine changes closer to Kinh and Western cuisine. - Wish of version is gradually | 4 | Survey results |
Target
Index | Unit/value of comparison | Value of destination | Point | Source of evidence | |
not strictly followed by the people. | |||||
Percentage of local people concerned about the loss of cultural community structure and traditional values | 7% | 4 | Survey results | ||
The proportion of new construction in vernacular architecture or considered incompatible with structures and traditions | 10% | 3 | Survey results | ||
7. Local participation in community tourism development | Level of local community participation in tourism planning | 34% | 2 | Survey results | |
Level of community consensus on tourism activities | An estimated 95% of people support it. | 5 | Survey results | ||
Local people's satisfaction with tourism activities | % of people reporting satisfaction | 95% | 5 | Survey results | |
Local security and socio-political situation | No incidents reported | 4 | CBT Travel | ||
8. Approach destination | Accessibility to local tourism information | Address: Homestay Mai Hich, Minh Tho homestay, CBT Mai Hich, Tripadvisor, booking, agoda, foody, dulich24h,... Easy to look up and book online | 5 | Survey results |
Target
Index | Unit/value of comparison | Value of destination | Point | Source of evidence | |
Infrastructure, destination accessibility, transportation and access | Access by car, motorbike, time: 2 hours from Hanoi | 4 | Survey results | ||
III. Environmental protection | |||||
waste collected | |||||
1. Solid waste management | Percentage of waste collected collection and collection situation of tourist facilities | Collect according to regulations, in which homestays collect themselves waste, sorting, recycling | 4 | Report on Socio-economic situation of Mai Hich commune 2013-2019 | |
calendar | use bottles, boxes; burn and bury | Survey results | |||
About 80% | |||||
Situation of waste collection service provision by local authorities | The government arranged 2 cars to collect garbage. | 4 | Report on Socio-economic situation of Mai Hich commune 2013-2019 Survey results | ||
Garbage is collected | Socio-economic situation report | ||||
Treatment and recycling status waste | gather at the gathering place to dry, burn, | 4 | Mai Hich commune 2013- 2019 | ||
burial | Survey results | ||||
Propaganda work on toxic waste: training, introduction to harmful effects and collection methods | Mai Chau district opens training classes, instructing on identification, harm, classification and collection methods every year | 4 | Report on Socio-economic situation of Mai Hich commune 2013-2019 Survey results | ||
Percentage of garbage collected on streets and public places | Collected and kept clean. Approximately 80% | 4 | Survey results | ||
Keep the destination's image clean | 4.27 (ENV6) | 4 | Tourist survey and research results | ||
Community awareness | |||||
local and tourist customer on discharge level | 4.02 (EVN1) | 4 | Investigation results Tourists and Surveys | ||
public trash | |||||





