close to each other. The company's leaders always care about the members. Even in their private matters such as weddings, funerals, illnesses, and childbirth, the leaders will visit them carefully. And because they work for the company for life, workers and laborers will be given the opportunity to learn and be trained from the company's capital.
On the part of the employees, they also consider the company - where they spend 1/3, even 1/2 of their time in a day - as their second home, and consider the working environment as their living environment, so they are willing to work their best to build a common home, to build a good living environment. This spirit has created a strong internal force for Japanese enterprises.
Soichiro Honda - President of Honda Corporation - is a leader who always cares about each of his employees. He always treats everyone like family. Especially from his own experience, he encourages and motivates those who do not have enough qualifications but have real ability. For him, opportunities are the same for all employees. Work results are paramount, not qualifications. Soichiro Honda works tirelessly and he has also transmitted that spirit to each person working at Honda Corporation. That is an invisible source of strength, an incomparable great spiritual value, and it is also an important factor creating the success and longevity of the corporation to this day.
6. Lifetime employment.
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This is the most prominent feature of Japan's recruitment and personnel treatment system. According to Mr. Urata, Japan's traditional culture, due to the post-war situation, has created unique features. That is, Japanese workers often work for a company or office for their entire life. They are ranked according to their length of service. Every year, in early April (starting
(Japanese fiscal year) young employees start their first day of work. They are very young people, just graduated from school and passed a very strict entrance exam. When they first join, they will be given the opportunity to be trained and study for about 2 - 3 months. And then they will work at that company until retirement without thinking about changing jobs. Their salary will increase gradually according to their seniority, even if their qualifications are different, it doesn't matter. Because Japanese businesses are looking for people who can get along with the group, blend into the common good and know how to work with the group, not outstanding individuals.
However, with the changes in social life, today the “lifetime employment system” is no longer the dominant ideology of the Japanese people. Young Japanese people today no longer want to work for one company for their whole lives. Because if so, it may take them their whole lives to find success and position. They tend to want to seek and try different environments in order to find an environment where they can maximize their abilities and satisfy their youthful aspirations.
7. Kaizen and 5S ideas in the spirit of Japanese business culture
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Kaizen and 5S ideas are the main ideas of most businesses.
Japanese business. Starting from very simple things, tireless efforts to improve the daily working environment, small changes that sometimes we do not notice and do not take much effort... after a while, we will create a new world, remarkable changes and progress, bringing success and growth to the company - that is the content of Kaizen and 5S ideology.
7.1. Kaizen ideology
* Learn about Kaizen
In Japanese, Kaizen means improvement, improvements that do not require large financial costs, are related to all members from the director to the worker, and are of common consciousness. Kaizen in the Japanese way is small improvements in daily life, carried out continuously. The key to Kaizen is continuous implementation and never stopping. This is a methodical and flexible method as opposed to the Western way, always throwing everything away and starting with new things.
Kaizen has many different methods. The first and most common is to change the worker's working method to make his work more productive, effective, safe, and reduce fatigue at work. To make the worker see the meaning of improvement, invite him to cooperate, let him do it with the help of his colleagues or support from the Kaizen group.
The second step is to renovate machinery and equipment such as arranging equipment to be convenient and easy to use.
The third step is to change the work processes and procedures. These can be organized and coordinated into a large-scale Kaizen plan.
However, the first stage should be a review of the entire work to check the current status, from which there is a comment to be done and how much to do to be able to improve. Once this stage is completed, the standard level will be changed accordingly.
It is unacceptable for any individual to change the form, specifications, and standards for fake Kaizens. Most Kaizens are carried out by groups , improvement groups, regardless of the position and title of the participants. Kaizen ideas are always encouraged to be proposed. Those proposals will be considered and discussed by a
The Kaizen committee has authority. The viable ideas will be rewarded depending on the benefit the idea brings to the group. The improvement ideas may be an answer to a problem raised by the Kaizen committee or they may be ideas that arise spontaneously.
Main characteristics of Kaizen:
-Is a process of continuous improvement in the workplace
-Focus on improving productivity and satisfying customer needs through waste reduction.
-Implementation is based on the enthusiastic participation of all members with strong commitment from leaders.
-Special emphasis on group activities
-Data collection and analysis is an effective tool .
Usually in companies and factories there are two approaches to improve productivity:
-Step by step approach – Kaizen
- Breakthrough approach - Innovation.
When applied in the workplace, Kaizen means continuous improvement and it requires the commitment and continuous effort of everyone, managers as well as employees.
Kaizen is a series of small improvements made incrementally over a long period of time. In fact, Japanese companies often emphasize Kaizen or employee participation programs because these programs are within the control of managers. Kaizen is less expensive than new investments. It improves the quality of work, it recognizes the participation of managers, improves the quality of products and services, and reduces operating costs.
Western managers revere innovation. Innovation is a technological breakthrough or the adoption of new production techniques. Innovation is disruptive and has a big impact, whereas Kaizen is gradual and subtle, with results that are not immediate.
immediately visible. While Kaizen is a continuous process, innovation is often an instantaneous phenomenon. Kaizen is often carried out in small steps with the consciousness of a collective, while innovation is often carried out in large steps and follows technological advances. Kaizen is based only on basic efforts, while innovation is based on investment. Kaizen always looks at the sequences and processes to compare the results with the set goals, while innovation only focuses on the results.
* Steps to implement Kaizen in the workplace
The steps to implement Kaizen follow the PDCA cycle. Steps 1 to 4 are P (plan), step 5 is D (do), step 6 is C (check).
- check) and steps 7, 8 are A (action - corrective or improvement action). Kaizen implementation steps help us solve problems based on data analysis. The standardized Kaizen implementation steps are as follows:
Step 1: Choose a topic
Step 2: Understand your current situation and set goals
Step 3: Analyze the collected data to determine the root cause Step 4: Determine the action to be taken based on the data analysis Step 5: Implement the action
Step 6: Confirm the results of the implementation of the measure
Step 7: Develop or revise standards to prevent recurrence Step 8: Review the above processes and determine next project
* Benefits of applying Kaizen
- Accumulate small improvements to become big results (many small changes make a difference)
- Reduce waste, increase productivity
- Motivate individuals to come up with innovative ideas
-Create a spirit of teamwork and solidarity
-Create awareness to always aim to minimize waste.
-Building corporate culture.
The benefits of applying the basic Kaizen principle are diverse. It emphasizes collective consciousness, aiming at reasonable costs, always having practical adjustments and having ambitions in work. Every member in the factory and company must be aware, must understand the importance of Kaizen and must always strive for Kaizen.
7.2. 5S Philosophy
* What is 5S?
5S is an all-encompassing philosophy but a very simple combination method. It is one of the basic methods of Kaizen consisting of five contents which are basic rules and disciplines for effective work management.
Good management is a prerequisite for continuous improvement. 5S is simply not only a way to keep things in order but also provides a basis for inspection and contributes to improvement.
5S is the basic foundation for implementing quality assurance systems from the perspective that if working in a healthy, clean, airy and convenient environment, the spirit will be more comfortable, labor productivity will be higher and there will be conditions to apply a more effective quality management system.
So what is 5S?
* 5S is the first letter of the words:
=> In Japanese: “SERI”, “SEITON”, “SEISO”, SEIKETSU” and “SHITSUKE”
=> In Vietnamese, it means: "screening", "arranging", "clean", "caring", and "ready".
=> In English: “SORT”, “SET IN ORDER”, “STANDARDIZE”, “SUBTAINT” and “SELF-DISCIPLINE”
SEIRI (screening) is to examine, classify, select and eliminate unnecessary things in the workplace.
SEITON (to arrange) is to arrange and place everything neatly in a reasonable order for easy and quick use.
SEISO (cleanliness) is maintaining hygiene in the workplace, machinery, and equipment to ensure an aesthetically pleasing environment in the workplace.
SEIKETSU (maintenance) is to continuously maintain and improve the workplace using Seri, Seiton and Seiso.
SHITSUKE (readiness) is to create a habit of strictly adhering to workplace regulations.
* Meaning of 5S activities
5S is a productivity improvement program that is very popular in Japan and is gradually becoming popular in other countries.
5S comes from the need:
- Ensure employee health
- Easy, convenient, time-saving in the working process
- Create an open working spirit and atmosphere
- Improve quality of life
- Improve productivity
Originating from Japanese tradition, everywhere, in every job, the Japanese always try to arouse the sense of responsibility, volunteerism, and self-awareness of those who perform those jobs. The Japanese always find ways to make workers truly attached to their jobs. For example, in the workshop, the manager will try to arouse the consciousness in the worker that “this is my job”, “my workplace”, “my machine”. From there, the worker will easily accept taking care of “his machine”, “his workplace” and try to complete “his job” in the best way.
* Benefits of 5S
Workplace becomes cleaner and tidier
Promote innovation initiatives
People become more disciplined
Support facilities are always available for work
Workplace becomes more convenient and safer
Employees take pride in their clean and tidy workplace.
Bring more business opportunities
Good implementation of 5S will contribute to PQCDSM factors
Productivity Improvement (P - Productivity)
Improve Quality (Q - Quality)
Cost Reduction (C - Cost)
On-time delivery (D - Delivery)
Safety Assurance (S - Safety)
Morale Enhancement (M - Morale)
When 5S is successfully implemented in a company, 5S will bring about miraculous changes. Unnecessary things will be removed from the workplace, necessary items will be arranged neatly, tidily, placed in convenient locations for users, machinery and equipment will become clean, maintained and preserved. From 5S activities, team spirit will be enhanced, encouraging harmony among people, thereby making workers have a more positive attitude, more responsibility and awareness towards work.
* Why do most Japanese companies participate in implementing 5S?
- 5S can be applied to all types of organizations and all sizes of businesses.
- 5S can be applied to businesses in any field: manufacturing, trade or service.
- The philosophy of 5S is simple, does not require knowing difficult terms