Interview Questions on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Worm Infection Prevention.

The testing procedure is as follows:

- Use a bamboo stick to take about 150mg of feces, place on absorbent paper or newspaper.

- Place the filter net on top of the manure (to filter the manure), use a flat-headed bamboo stick to press lightly so that the manure is pushed onto the net, then scrape the manure into the hole of the plastic sheet placed on the glass slide (to measure the manure). After filling the hole with manure, scrape it with the hole, and carefully lift the plastic sheet off the glass slide.

- Place a piece of cellophane soaked in Kato solution on the fertilizer, use a rubber stopper to gently press the fertilizer to spread evenly over the edge of the cellophane piece.

- Let it dry, examine under a 100x optical microscope, look for roundworm, whipworm and hookworm eggs and count all the eggs of each type of worm on each slide. Note that at room temperature, let it dry for 10-30 minutes, if the temperature is 25 0 C, humidity is 70%, then leave it for 20-30 minutes and then examine. The slide may dry, hookworm eggs may deform and be very difficult to detect. In Dak Lak, with the temperature and humidity conditions, just leave it for 10-15 minutes and examine well.

Stool examination for worm eggs in 3251 study subjects to determine:

- Rate and intensity of roundworm infection.

- Rate and intensity of whipworm infection.

- Rate and intensity of hookworm infection/beak.

- Infection rate of 2 types of worms.

- Infection rate of 3 types of worms.

2.7. Research materials

2.7.1. Materials for information and education on worm infection prevention

- TT - GDSK documents translated into Ede language.

- Media flip book set - GDSK.

- Documents on 4 models of hygienic toilets.

- Technical documents for the construction of 2 types of sample toilets.

- UNICEF environmental sanitation communication tape.

- Leaflets on worm prevention.

- Posters on worm prevention.

2.7.2. Interview questions on knowledge, attitudes and practices of worm infection prevention.

Pre-printed survey questionnaire (Appendix 1) and observation checklist (Appendix 2)

2.7.3. Fecal testing materials used for research

- Optical microscope.

- Labeled stool specimen container, bamboo stool collection stick, enamel tray, specimen holder, tweezers, clamps, absorbent paper, rubber stopper, stool filter, medical gloves, Kato - Katz plastic sheet (Vestergaard Frandsen has a measuring hole of 41.7 mg of stool, from which we can deduce: Number of eggs/1 gram of stool = number of eggs/1 test slide x 24).

- Cellophane pieces (40  m thick cut into 26mm pieces

x 28mm) was soaked for 24 hours in a solution containing (100% distilled water, 100% glycerin, 1/4 3% malachite solution).

2.7.4. Drugs used in treatment

- Deworming medicine: Mebendazole [2],[91],[92],[109],[131],[152], international common name Mebendazole , ATC code : P02C A01; Mebendazole is included in the list of essential drugs in Vietnam issued for the fourth time in 1999.

Chemical formula: Carbamic acid, (5-benzolyl-1H-benzimidazole -2- yl)- methyl ester.

Dosage form: 500mg tablets manufactured by Shing-pong, Korea. Dosage: 500mg/tablet, single dose.

- Other drugs: Bcomplex and iron folic acid

2.8. Variables and indicators in the study

2.8.1. Research variables [3],[22],[23],[43]

2.8.1.1. Variables of cross-sectional descriptive study Table 2.1. Group of dependent variables

Variable group

Variable name	Classification definition	Variable type	Collection techniques
Dependent variable group	Worm infection chopsticks	Yes/No	Nominal	Stool test
	Worm infection hair	Yes/No	Nominal	Stool test
	Worm infection hook/beak	Yes/No	Nominal	Stool test
	2 types of infection worms	Yes/No	Nominal	Stool test
	3 types of infection worms	Yes/No	Nominal	Stool test

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Table 2.2. Group of independent variables

Group

variable

Variable name

Define

classify

Variable type

number

Collection techniques

Group of independent variables

Year old

Calculated by

calendar year

Continuous

Interview by set

question

Gender

Male or female

Binary

Interview by set

question

Job

Present of

object

Nominal

Interview by set

question

Education level

Highest level of education

of the object

Nominal

Interview by question set

Eat raw vegetables

Practice of

object

Classify

Interview by set

question

Drink water

Practice of

object

Classify

Interview by set

question

Wash hands first

when eating

Practice of

object

Classify

Interview by set

question

Wash hands after going to the bathroom

convenient

Practice of

object

Classify

Interview by set

question

Barefoot

Practice of

object

Nominal

Interview by set

question

Home use

pepper

Practice of

object

Nominal

According to the house inspection list

pepper

Use fresh manure

Fertilize plants

Practice of

object

Nominal

Interview by set

question

2.8.1.2. Variables for intervention studies

Table 2.3. Worm infection before and after intervention

Variable name

Define	Classify	Method data collection
Roundworm infection	Yes or No	Nominal	Stool test
whipworm infection	Yes or No	Nominal	Stool test
Hookworm infection	Yes or No	Nominal	Stool test
Infected with 2 types of worms	Yes or No	Nominal	Stool test
Infected with 3 types of worms	Yes or No	Nominal	Stool test

Table 2.4. Knowledge, attitudes, practices on personal hygiene and the harmful effects of worms before and after intervention

Variable name

Define

Classify

Collection method

collect data

Know the transmission route

transmission of worms

Knowledge of the opponent

research object

Classify

Interview by set

question

Know the harmful effects of

worms

Knowledge of the opponent

research object

Classify

Interview by set

question

Wash hands before

eat

Practice of the subject

research object

Classify

Interview by set

question

Wash hands after

defecation

Practice of the subject

research object

Classify

Interview by set

question

Barefoot

Practice of the subject

statue

Classify

Interview by set

question

Drink water

Practice of the subject

statue

Classify

Interview by set

question

Use of PPE

Practice of the subject

research object

Classify

Interview by set

question

2.8.2. Research indicators [3], [26], [92]

2.8.2.1. Indicators through stool testing

Determination of worm infection rate

Total number of people tested positive

Overall worm infection rate =

Ascaris infection rate

(1 type or 2 types or 3 types) x 100 Total number of people tested

Total number of people infected with roundworm

(or hair or hook/beak)

=(or hair or hook/beak) x 100 Total number of people tested

Total number of people infected with 1 type of worm

Monoinfection rate =

(chopsticks or hair or hook/beak) x 100 Total number of people infected with worms

x 100

Total number of people infected with 2 types of worms

Infection rate of 2 types =

(chopsticks + hair) or (hook + hair) or (chopsticks + hook) Total number of people infected with worms

Infection rate of 3 types

=Total number of people infected with 3 types of worms (roundworm + hairworm + hookworm) x 100 Total number of people infected with worms

Determine the intensity of worm infection

Number of eggs/1g of stool = total number of worm eggs counted/1 test slide x 24

Intensity of infection

average =

(Average number of eggs/1 g of feces)

Total number of eggs/1g of stool of individuals Total number of people with stool tests

WHO criteria for assessing worm infection intensity [92] are as follows:

Table 2.5. Classification of infection intensity: roundworm, whipworm, hookworm/helminth

Type of worm

Mild infection	Average Intensity of Infection	Intensity of infection Heavy
Roundworm	1 - 4,999 EPGS	5,000 – 49,999 EPGs	 50,000 EPG
whipworm	1 – 999 EPG	1,000 – 9,999 EPGs	 10,000 EPGs
Hookworm/Beakworm	1 – 1,999 EPGs	2,000 – 3,999 EPGs	 4,000 EPGs

2.8.2.2. Indicators for evaluating health education communication in the residential community of Hoa Xuan commune

Percentage of people who answered each question correctly

Percentage of households with toilets

= Total number of people who answered the question correctlyx 100 Total number of people interviewed

= Total number of households with NTx 100 Total number of households surveyed

Percentage of households with hygienic toilets

Total number of households with (NTHVS)

= Total number of households surveyed x 100

Percentage of people with the habit of defecating outside the toilet (TQĐTNNT)

Percentage of people using labor protection

= Total number of people (TQDTNNT)x 100 Total number of people surveyed

= Total number of people using social insurancex 100 Total number of people surveyed

Percentage of people who know the correct harm/transmission of worms

Total number of people who know correctly

= harm/ transmission of wormsx 100 Total number of people surveyed

Percentage of households with bleach

Periodic worms

Total number of households with regular deworming Total number of households surveyed

x 100

Index

efficiency (%) =

Pre-intervention value – Post-intervention value

Pre-intervention value

x 100

Difference ratio = Treatment group effectiveness index – Control group effectiveness index

2.8.2.3. Group of risk factor indexes affecting worm infection

Percentage of people exposed to

infected with risk factors

Number of people exposed to YTNC Total number of people participating in the sample

x 100

Table 2.6. Association of risk factors and worm infection [43],[85],[86]

Worm infection		Total
Have	Are not	Total
Risk	Have	a	b	a+b
Risk	Are not	c	d	c+d
Total		a+c	b+d	a+b+c+d

In which: a: Number infected with worms and exposed to risk factors.

b: Number of people not infected with worms and exposed to risk factors. c: Number of people infected with worms and not exposed to risk factors.

a: Number of people not infected with worms and not exposed to risk factors.

Odds ratio (OR) = ad

b.c.

Evaluation criteria

OR >1, 95% confidence interval (CI) does not contain 1, p<0.05, association is statistically significant.

2.8.2.4. Mebendazole treatment outcome index [52],[85],[86]

Number of individuals free of roundworm eggs

Worm egg clearance rate =

(or hair or hook/beak) x 100 Number of individuals with eggs treated

Average number of eggs/1g of feces before treatment

Average number of eggs/1g of feces after treatment

=Total eggs/1g of stool before treatment Number of people treated

=Total number of eggs per 1g of stool after treatment Number of people treated

Egg Reduction Rate =

(Average number of eggs/1g of feces before treatment)

- (average number of eggs/1g of feces after treatment) Average number of eggs/1g of feces before treatment

x 100

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