Questions: Circle the Correct Answer to the Following Questions

6. Check after treatment of worm disease

During the treatment of worms, there are possibilities of:

- Worms that tend to improve or recover from illness will show the following symptoms:

+ Return to normal operation without worms crawling on the substrate surface

+ Activity of eating all the food after 3 days

+ Check the worm's body for signs of disease (no bruises or purple-blue discoloration).

- Worms do not reduce disease, need to change the substrate and move worms to another place to raise.

Note : It is necessary to regularly check the temperature, humidity, pH of the biomass as well as control the amount of water and food for the worms to minimize the impact of the above factors on the worms. However, diseases in worms are also easy to relapse, so it is necessary to keep the breeding environment always ensuring all technical factors.

B. Questions and practice exercises

1. Questions: Circle the correct answer to the following questions.

Question 1. What is the unusual color of the worm?

a. Red or ripe plum color

b. White or purple color Question 2. What are the symptoms of worms with bloating disease?

a. Worms swell

b. The intestines are filled with food.

c. Purple

d. All are correct

Question 3. What are the symptoms of worms being poisoned by toxic gas?

a. The size of the worm remains unchanged.

b. Worms crawl out of the ground

c. Purple

d. All are correct

Question 4. What are the symptoms of worms with sepsis?

a. Worms crawl out of the ground

b. Vomiting white mucus

c. The body decays and dies

d. All are correct

Question 5. What are the symptoms of worms infected with fungus?

a. Worms are white

b. Skip meals

c. Vomiting white mucus

d. All are correct

Question 6. What causes flatulence in worms?

a. Worms eat food that has too much protein.

b. Worms eat food that is too fibrous.

c. Worms eat food that has too much water.

d. Worms eat food with too much salt.

Question 7. What causes worm poisoning?

a. Earthworm biomass contains a lot of CO 2 , H 2 S, NH 3

b. Earthworm biomass has a lot of O2 gas .

Question 8. What disease does rotting substrate cause for worms?

a. Bloating

b. Gas poisoning

c. Fungal diseases

d. Blood disease

2. Practice

2.1. Practice 4.5.1. Diagnosis and treatment of flatulence in worms

- Objective: To consolidate knowledge and practice professional skills to perform the group of steps to diagnose and treat flatulence caused by worms.

- Necessary resources: worm cage, processing tools.

- Implementation method: Divide into practice groups (5-6 students/group), each group completes the entire group of steps to diagnose and treat flatulence caused by worms; Teachers observe the performance of the groups of students and evaluate based on the practice results of the groups.

- Group tasks when doing the exercise:

+ Prepare tools to diagnose and treat diseases.

+ Check environmental factors.

+ Observe the activity of worms in the bed

+ Check for worms

+ Identify the disease.

+ Determine treatment measures

+ Perform treatment.

- Time required to do the job: 3 hours/group

- Results and products to be achieved: Correctly identify the disease, choose appropriate treatment measures, and perform treatment according to technical and safety requirements.

Presentation format according to the following table:

Test elements

Results obtained	Evaluate	Conclude	Note
Observe the activity of worms
Check the outside of the worm

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2.2. Practice 4.5.2. Diagnosis and treatment of worm poisoning

- Objective: To consolidate knowledge and practice professional skills to perform the group of steps in diagnosing and treating worm poisoning.

- Necessary resources: worm cage, processing tools.

- Implementation method: Divide into practice groups (5-6 students/group), each group completes the entire group of steps to diagnose and treat worm poisoning; Teachers observe the performance of student groups and evaluate based on the practice results of the groups.

- Group tasks when doing the exercise:

+ Prepare tools to diagnose and treat worm poisoning

+ Investigate food sources and environmental factors.

+ Observe the activity of worms in the bed

+ Check for worms

+ Identify the disease.

+ Determine treatment measures

+ Perform treatment.

- Time required to do the job: 3 hours/group

- Results and products to be achieved: Correctly identify the disease, choose the appropriate treatment method, perform the treatment according to technical requirements and safety. The presentation is in the following table:

Test elements

Results obtained

Evaluate

Conclude

Note

Observe the activity of worms

Check the outside of the worm

C. Remember

- Some common diseases of worms are: bloating, toxic gas;

- The cause of flatulence is due to worms eating foods high in protein such as cow manure or pig manure, old food that is still left over causes fermentation and gas;

- The cause of poisoning is because the bottom of the substrate has rotted, food covers the surface of the worm bed, making the worms not have enough air;

- When the worms are full, stop feeding them and scoop out all the food, then water the worm bed;

- When worms are poisoned, stop feeding them and treat them by using a fork to turn the entire surface of the worm bed to create a well-ventilated environment, then water the worm bed.

Lesson 6: HUMANITY, WORMS

Article code 04 – 06

Introduce

To expand the scale of worm farming to increase income for farmers, it is necessary to multiply the area of worm barns.

Target

- Determine the time to multiply the worm beds;

- Prepare a location to multiply the worm beds;

- Multiplying worm beds with the right technique;

- Comply with procedures, labor safety and environmental protection awareness.

A. Content

1. Determine the time to multiply the beds

After 2 months of releasing the earthworms, a large number of baby earthworms are born, the earthworms are also mature in reproduction (about 4 months old), at this time the earthworms can be multiplied and spread.

The time to multiply and spread worms should be early in the morning so that the worms can eat well in the evening. Do not multiply worms when it is hot because high temperatures will affect the adaptation of the worms, the worms will grow and develop poorly.

2. Determine the area of the bed

Before multiplying and spreading worms, farmers need to prepare a breeding bed with the same size as the old breeding bed.

3. Prepare the seedbed

Requirements for a worm farm:

- The floor of the cage must be high, not flooded, and have drainage ditches when it rains. The bottom of the floor can be made of hard clay (Figure 4.6.1), of young mortar (Figure 4.6.2), of nylon tarpaulin...

Figure 4.6.1. Soil foundation Figure 4.6.2. Pond foundation

- The height of the bed must be 25-30 cm, the length and width are optional, but according to many breeders, a bed 3-5 m long and about 1 meter wide is convenient for care.

In addition, farmers can use old pig and cow pens, trays, pots, styrofoam boxes, plastic fences, etc. to create a place to breed worms.

- The worm-raising area must have a roof to avoid rain and sun... The roof should be at least 1m from the bed surface. If it is too low, it will be difficult to operate when caring for and harvesting, if it is too high, rain can splash into the worm bed. You can make a roof with straw, thatch, coconut leaves (Figure 4.6.3), nylon tarpaulin (Figure 4.6.4), corrugated iron

(Figure 4.6.5).

Figure 4.6.3. Leaf canopy

Figure 4.6.4. Canopy made of nylon canvas Figure 4.6.5. Canopy made of corrugated iron

Note:

- When choosing a nylon tarpaulin for a roof, choose a dark-colored tarpaulin to limit light from shining into the barn.

- If the breeding bed is located next to a pond or lake, it must be surrounded by nylon or netting to protect toads and frogs from eating the worms.

4. Prepare tools

- Labor protection equipment

- Worm breeding tools:

+ Shovel: used to scoop up worm biomass

+ Basin, bucket: used to hold worm biomass

- Post-transplant care tools:

+ Covering: burlap, sack, mat…

+ Umbrella box: watering for worms

+ Feeding tools: bucket, plastic cup...

5. Spread the substrate

After building or cleaning the barn (for old barns), spread a layer of substrate on the bed surface in the following 2 ways:

- Pour the substrate into a round pile about 1 to 1.2 m in diameter and about 10-15 cm high.

- Pour the substrate over the entire surface of the bed, about 10-15cm high (Figure 4.6.6)

Figure 4.6.6. Spread the substrate across the surface of the breeding bed.

Note: if you multiply and level the worms with biomass, you may not use a substrate. If you use a substrate, the height of the substrate should be about 5 cm.

Substrate must be spread on the bed 2-3 days before releasing the worms. During these days, the humidity of the substrate should be checked once a day to adjust the humidity suitable for the worms (60-70%).

6. Put worms in new breeding place

After spreading the substrate into the breeding cell for about 3 days, release the worm breeders.

There are two methods:

- Release the worms: level the surface of the cage, then make grooves on the substrate and spread the worms evenly into the grooves. After 1 hour, the worms will automatically burrow into the substrate, spray water on the surface of the cage.

- Release seeds with biomass worms: When releasing biomass, it should be in clusters, not spread out thinly, water after 2 hours. Release seeds with biomass is most effective.

For old worm beds: spread the remaining worm biomass evenly over the surface of the bed and feed the worms normally. For new worm beds, feed the worms after 1 day. The form and method of feeding the worms are the same as usual but the amount of food is less (about ½ of the daily food).

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