General Education of Phu Binh District in the First 10 Years of the Renovation Period (1986

Chapter 1 Summary

Phu Binh is a midland mountainous district, with many favorable conditions for socio-economic development. Exploiting and using the available potentials reasonably, Phu Binh will become one of the key economic regions of Thai Nguyen province.

Before 1986, with the attention of Party committees at all levels, Phu Binh education initially limited illiteracy and built a system of schools to serve the people's learning needs. However, due to the difficult life of the people, underdeveloped economy, and low intellectual level, it has affected the scale and quality of general education. However, these initial achievements are considered the foundation for Phu Binh district to continue to promote the construction and development of the general education system in the following stages.

Chapter 2

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SITUATION OF GENERAL EDUCATION IN PHU BINH DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE FROM 1986 TO 2016

2.1. General education in Phu Binh district in the first 10 years of the renovation period (1986 - 1996)

2.1.1. Factors affecting general education in Phu Binh district

From the 80s to the early 90s of the 20th century, the economic, political and social situation in the world had many great and profound changes. Globalization became a prominent trend, inevitably dominating the era. Countries and peoples in the world who wanted to develop had to open up and integrate into the global economy. Along with that, many socialist countries such as the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe fell into serious crisis, disintegrated and collapsed, causing great upheaval in the world order. The US became the world's number one superpower, wanting to establish a unipolar world to dominate the world.

In the early 1980s, Vietnam fell into an increasingly serious socio-economic crisis. The fundamental cause was “serious and prolonged mistakes in major policies and guidelines, mistakes in strategic direction and implementation” [22, p. 26]. Faced with the fluctuations of the world and domestic situation, our Party and State had to carry out renovation. The Party's renovation policy was first proposed at the 6th Congress (December 1986), adjusted, supplemented and developed at the 7th Congress (June 1991), 8th Congress (June 1996), 9th Congress (April 2001). The 6th Congress of the Party (December 1986) proposed a comprehensive renovation policy for the country, including innovation in thinking, innovation in cadre organization, innovation in leadership methods and working style. The Congress marked a turning point of revolutionary significance in the cause of building socialism in our country, creating a major, comprehensive breakthrough, bringing a new vitality to society, changing the situation, and leading the country forward to building socialism.

In June 1991, the 7th Congress of Delegates continued to set out the goals and tasks of education and training: "The goals of education and training are to improve people's knowledge, train human resources, foster talents, and form a workforce with knowledge and practical capacity" [23, p. 112]. In the Strategy for economic and social stability and development to the year 2000, it was determined: "Innovate the education and training system in the direction of improving quality and achieving practical efficiency, expanding the scale in accordance with the goals and tasks of socio-economic development" [66, p. 189]. The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1992), in Chapter III, Article 35 clearly states : "Education and training is the top national policy. The State develops education to improve people's knowledge, train human resources, and foster talents" .

In June 1996, the 8th National Congress of the Party emphasized: To successfully carry out industrialization and modernization, it is necessary to invest in developing education and training, promoting human resources, the basic factor of rapid and sustainable development. Realizing the role of general education, right from the time of gaining power, under the leadership of the Party, our State has formed a fairly complete and comprehensive education system. General education in our country has gone through many periods of reform and organized teaching and learning according to the main models: 9-year education system during the resistance war against France; 10-year education system during the resistance war against America and building socialism in the North; 12-year education system after the country achieved peace and reunification until now. Article 1 of Decree 90-CP dated November 24, 1993 of the Government clearly states: The framework structure of the education system of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam includes: Preschool education: kindergarten; General education: primary school, junior high school, specialized high school; Professional education: professional high school, vocational high school, vocational training; Higher education: college, university, postgraduate; Continuing education.

The current Education Law also clearly states that General Education includes: Primary Education is conducted for 5 years, from grade 1 to grade 5. The age of students starting grade 1 is 6 years old; Secondary Education is conducted for 4 years.

school, from grade 6 to grade 9. Students entering grade 6 must complete the primary school program, at the age of 11. High school education is conducted in 3 years of study, from grade 10 to grade 12. Students entering grade 10 must have a junior high school diploma, at the age of 15. The goal of general education: to help students develop comprehensively in morality, intelligence, aesthetics and basic skills, develop personal capacity, dynamism and creativity, form the personality of a Vietnamese socialist person, build the character and responsibility of a citizen; prepare students to continue studying or enter the working life, participate in building and defending the Fatherland.

2.1.2. General education situation in Phu Binh district in the period 1986 - 1996

2.1.2.1. School system, students and teachers. School and class system.

Imbued with the teachings of President Ho Chi Minh: “ No matter how difficult it is, we must compete to teach well and study well ”, with the motto: “ Education and training is the top national policy ”, the Party committees and authorities of Phu Binh district always pay attention to improving the intellectual level of the people. In the early years of renovation, the education career of Phu Binh district has achieved many encouraging results, contributing significantly to the rapid and sustainable development of the socio-economy.

Thanks to the flexible application of the Party's guidelines and policies, along with the close attention and direction of authorities at all levels after 10 years of innovation, the school and class system of the district's general education sector has been increased, meeting the minimum learning needs of local people's children.

In 1986, in Phu Binh district there were 21 primary schools with 712 classrooms and 01 high school with 23 classrooms [63, p.115].

In order to overcome the weak infrastructure. With the attention of Party committees, authorities, and the Department of Education and Training. The system of general schools in the district has been gradually invested in and built. In the 3 years from 1993

By 1995, the whole district had mobilized 3 billion VND, of which 60% was contributed by the people, to build 4,155 square meters of classrooms, houses for teachers and school offices, repair 164 classrooms; add 1,830 sets of student desks and chairs and 155 sets of desks and chairs for teachers, purchase more teaching aids and equipment, and basically end the situation of prolonged 3-shift schooling [1, p. 311].

By 1995, there were 39 primary and secondary schools. The number of schools continued to grow until 1997, in Phu Binh district, there were 21 primary schools, 21 secondary schools and 01 high school. However, the number of primary and secondary schools and classes initially met the learning needs of the children in the district, but the number of high schools was too small, requiring leaders and managers at all levels to continue to do a good job of socializing education to mobilize maximum resources to expand the high school system to serve the learning needs of local people.

Student quality

In the early years of renovation, due to the economic difficulties in the district such as consecutive crop failures, the district's education situation was affected, the quality of education declined, many students dropped out of school. In the 1988-1989 school year, the whole district had 1,500 students out of a total of 24,939 (6%) high school students dropping out of school; the quality of education in high schools in the district decreased, the average number of students passing the next grade each year reached 78.6%, the number of students passing the graduation exam reached 73% [1, p.309]

In the early 90s, the quality of education was gradually improved, the rate of students passing the high school graduation exam increased from 93.6% in 1992 to 97.5% in 1994; the secondary school increased from 93.7% to 98.1%. However, the quality of education was not substantial, there were few good teachers and students, and the preschool education sector had not developed strongly. In the 1993-1994 school year, the rate of excellent primary and secondary school students in the whole district reached 38.2%, the whole district had only 9 excellent students at the provincial level [1, p. 331].

While continuing to promote emulation movements to ensure the quality of teaching and learning in schools, the education sector has yet to find an effective solution to prevent students from dropping out of school. In the 1989 school year alone,

- In 1990 and the first 3 months of the 1990-1991 school year, the number of primary school students dropping out of school reached 2,570 [1, p. 317]. This situation has significantly affected the policy of improving people's knowledge and eliminating illiteracy in the district.

Teachers and administrators.

Every year, school managers participate in training courses and professional development courses organized by the Department of Education and Training. The planning of management staff resources is carried out regularly during the school years on the basis of selecting teachers with good professional qualifications, many achievements in the working process, good political qualities, good professional ethics, strictly complying with the Party's guidelines and policies, the State's laws and policies, knowing how to build internal solidarity, having good propaganda and mobilization skills, in order to prepare a good source of quality management staff in the future.

The teaching staff is one of the decisive factors for the quality and development of the education career. Recognizing the importance of teachers in the education and training career. Party committees at all levels, provincial and district authorities, and the Department of Education and Training of Thai Nguyen province have had appropriate policies and measures to build and develop the teaching staff. Fully and promptly implement all existing policies for teachers. Every year, schools still have programs to send teachers for training and development to improve professional capacity, launch 2 emulation campaigns for good teaching and good learning to celebrate Vietnamese Teachers' Day November 20, the founding day of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union March 26. The movement of " good teaching, good learning" was promoted. The number of general education teachers continued to grow until 1995, the number of teachers was 1,049, of which 61 were high school teachers [3, p.115].

2.1.2.2. Other educational activities. Socialization of education.

Based on the awareness that education is the cause of the whole people, the socialization of education is a correct and timely policy of the Party, creating conditions for the country's education to develop strongly, constantly improving the intellectual level of the people and nurturing talented people for the country. The socialization of education is to enhance the social nature of education, linking schools with the social community, to maximize the role and create conditions for education, affirm the role of promoting the development of the social community, and awakening all potentials in society to build and develop education.

From the Party's guidelines and policies, socialization work in Phu Binh has received due and timely attention. In the 3 years from 1993 to 1995, the whole district mobilized 3 billion VND, of which 60% was contributed by the people, built 4,155m2 of classrooms, houses for teachers and school offices, repaired 164 classrooms; added 1,830 sets of student desks and chairs and 155 sets of desks and chairs for teachers, and purchased more teaching materials and equipment [1, p. 331]. Organizations such as the learning promotion association of communes, villages and hamlets were established promptly to encourage and motivate students with difficult circumstances and achieve high results in their studies.

Youth union and young team work in school.

The Youth Union and Young Pioneers organizations in schools are all young, enthusiastic and responsible. In coordination with the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union district, the Youth Union and Young Pioneers organizations in general schools in the district have organized many cultural, artistic and sports activities to celebrate major holidays of the year such as: Vietnamese Teachers' Day November 20; Writing essays to learn about the Law, the founding day of the Communist Party of Vietnam, organizing emulation movements to celebrate March 26.

In addition to learning activities, the Youth Union and the Youth Team also organize cleaning of school grounds, village roads, and martyrs' cemeteries. In addition, during the year, the Union members actively participate in district-level competitions such as the Phu Dong Health Festival. Physical education activities are also organized regularly and bring high efficiency such as mid-class exercises, organizing sports competitions such as football tournaments, volleyball tournaments, athletics competitions, and traditional tug of war. All educational activities and sports activities have helped the Youth Union members in the area stay away from social evils and build a healthy cultural life.

2.2. General education of Phu Binh district in the period 1997 - 2016

2.2.1. Factors affecting general education in Phu Binh district

In 1996, the Party held the 8th Congress and identified the importance of education: “ Along with science and technology, education and training are the top national policies, aiming to improve people's knowledge, train human resources, and nurture talents. We attach importance to all three aspects: expanding scale, improving quality, and promoting efficiency. The general direction of the education sector in the next 5 years is to develop resources to meet the requirements of industrialization, creating conditions for people, especially young people, to have jobs; overcoming weaknesses in education and training ” [23, pp. 490-491]. Our Party identifies education and training, science and technology as the “Breakthrough” of the new revolutionary period. In December 1996, the Central Party Executive Committee Conference issued Resolution No. 02-NQ/HNTW “ On the strategic orientation for education and training development in the period of industrialization and modernization and tasks until the year 2000 ”. The Conference deeply analyzed the current situation of education and training, pointing out objective and subjective causes. The strategy for education and training development in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country was proposed by the Conference with 6 guiding ideas:

Firstly, the basic task and goal of education is to build people and generations who are passionate about the ideals of national independence and socialism.

General Education of Phu Binh District in the First 10 Years of the Renovation Period (1986 - 1996)

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