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Evaluation of the growth and development of Solanna Golden SPHERE flower on three types of substrates: coconut fiber, perlite and tuff at DANZIGER FLOWER FARM, Israel - 2

3.6.1. Preservation of sprouts 38

3.6.2. Nutrition and care for young plants during cuttings 39

3.6.3. Nutrition and care for young plants during potting 39

PART 4. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 41

4.1. The influence of substrate on the growth and development periods of Solanna Golden SPHERE 41 flower species

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4.2. Effect of substrate on growth and development through stages 42

4.2.1. Effect of substrate on plant height growth of flower species

Evaluation of the growth and development of Solanna Golden SPHERE flower on three types of substrates: coconut fiber, perlite and tuff at DANZIGER FLOWER FARM, Israel - 2

Solanna Golden SPHERE 42

4.2.2. Effect of substrate on the ability to produce leaves of Solanna Golden SPHERE 44 flower

4.3. Effect of growing medium on yield and flower quality of flower species

Solanna Golden SPHERE 45

4.3.1. Effect of growing medium on flower yield of Solanna Golden SPHERE 45

4.3.2. Effect of growing medium on flower quality of Solanna Golden SPHERE 46

4.4. The best growing medium for productivity and quality of Solanna Golden SPHERE 48 flower species

PART 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50

5.1. Conclusion 50

5.2. Proposal 50

REFERENCES 51

APPENDIX


1.1. Problem statement


PART 1 INTRODUCTION

Since ancient times, humans have known how to enjoy beauty and admire the beauty of flowers. Flowers are a special product of plants. Talking about flowers means talking about the beauty of nature that plants and trees have bestowed upon humans. Flowers not only occupy an important aesthetic position but also bring a feeling of comfort and relaxation, a source of sweet feelings of life. Nowadays, with the rapid development of the socio-economy, the demand for flowers in the world in general and in our country in particular has increased faster than ever. Fresh flowers have become a product with very high economic value, much higher than other crops, occupying a special position in the world agricultural product market. The flower production industry has also developed strongly and the value of the world's flower output today has reached tens of billions of dollars. Many countries in the world such as Israel, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Bulgaria and some other Asian countries such as Thailand, India... are also famous for flower growing. Flower production has brought huge income to the economies of flower-growing countries.

In the diversity of flowers, potted flowers, also known as decorative flowers, bring people a spiritual product. Before the beauty of flowers, we feel the soul is purified, fresh and full of vitality. In particular, potted flowers also play an important role in creating environmental landscapes and are an indispensable part in decorating parks and gardens, on traffic routes, in public architectural works, cultural and sports palaces, churches, temples, etc.

Solanna Golden SPHERE is a species of flower in the genus Coreopsis (scientific name Coreopsis) of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, 1- 1.5 feet tall, 1- 1.5 feet wide, with taproots, and yellow, double-petaled flowers. Time


The blooming time is from February, but it blooms from April to June. This is a beautiful flower, often grown to decorate balconies and landscapes, very popular in the European market, some African countries and China, the flower has high aesthetic and economic value.

Founded in 1953 by Ernest and Zehava Danziger, DANZIGER FLOWER FARM is today one of the world's most innovative floriculture companies, engaged in the research, breeding, development, propagation, production, sale and marketing of cut flowers, annuals and perennials - creating exceptional flower varieties and beautiful varieties, satisfying customer tastes. What began in 1950 as a dream of Ernest and Zehava Danziger has grown into a major floriculture producer, with over 500 million Danziger cuttings planted each year, in over 60 countries. DANZIGER FLOWER FARM is proud to be at the forefront of scientific breeding, operating one of the largest R&D departments in the industry, with a breeding team of over 100 employees, including scientists, professional breeders and researchers with PhDs, Masters and Bachelors degrees from leading institutions. DANZIGER FLOWER FARM works closely with the Faculty of Agriculture at the Hebrew University and the world-renowned Volcani Agricultural Research Center. Complementing its portfolio with backed genetics from other leading breeders, DANZIGER FLOWER FARM manages over 600 elite varieties – with superior characteristics and genetics – under its breeder, and hundreds of its varieties are registered under Plant Breeders’ Rights (PBR) and World Plant Patents. DANZIGER FLOWER FARM operates state-of-the-art propagation facilities in Israel, Guatemala, Kenya and Colombia - ensuring a continuous supply of clean, high-quality plant propagation materials to approximately 1000 customers in over 60 countries. DANZIGER FLOWER FARM provides propagation materials, in the form of


cut, plant and in vitro forms, through a highly efficient cold chain distribution network. All DAZIGER FLOWER FARM products comply with strict promotion and distribution standards, as well as environmental activities, fair trade and fair practices. DANZIGER FLOWER FARM covers 150 hectares, has modern greenhouses for growing flowers with drip irrigation systems, modern air conditioning systems as well as making the most of natural light. At DANZIGER FLOWER FARM, Solanna Golden SPHERE flowers are grown in large quantities of about 2000 m2 in several types of growing media. Growing media plays an important role in the growth of plants. It is undeniable that there is a close relationship between the growth of growing media and plants, in addition to external factors such as water, temperature, radiation and light, .... The structure of the growing medium affects the behavior of plants in many ways. The most obvious effect is the appearance of roots, which are often smooth and cylindrical in soft media, but hard and compacted media are very limited in the extent of the plant's growth, with possible implications for water and nutrient supply. There are also many less obvious but often equally important effects on the overall performance of the plant.

The growing medium itself represents a complex physical, chemical and biological system in which plants are supplied with the water, nutrients and oxygen required for plant growth. Although plants have adapted to a wide range of soils over the centuries, the adaptability of certain species is limited. This can be seen in changes in the nature of the growing medium. The nature of the growing medium determines whether a species will thrive and influences its natural distribution. In small areas, small local changes in the growing medium can be enough to affect plant survival.

Growing crops in the field is quite different from growing them in a greenhouse. When growing


In the greenhouse, we can choose the type of soil we want and also control the environmental conditions inside the greenhouse. To ensure the growth of flowers, it is necessary to combine many factors, but the substrate plays the most important role. However, the substrate currently used for growing Solanna Golden SPHERE flowers is only coconut fiber. Based on that reality, I conducted the topic: " Evaluation of the growth and development of Solanna Golden SPHERE flowers on three types of substrates: coconut fiber, perlite and tuff at DANZIGER FLOWER FARM, Israel " to determine the suitable substrate for the growth and development of Solanna Golden SPHERE flowers .

1.2. Objectives and requirements of the topic.

1.2.1. Objectives

- Identify and compare the growth and development capabilities of flower species.

Solanna Golden SPHERE on three substrates: coir, perlite and tuff.

1.2.2. Topic requirements

- Evaluation of the growth and development ability of Solanna Golden SPHERE flower species on three types of substrates: coconut fiber, perlite and tuff;

- Evaluation of the infection level of the following major diseases of the Solanna Golden SPHERE flower species;

- Evaluate the factors that contribute to the productivity and quality of flowers.

Solanna Golden SPHERE on three different substrates.

1.3. Significance of the topic

1.3.1. Scientific significance

- Evaluate the impact of substrate on growth, development, yield and quality of Solanna Golden SPHERE flower species .

- Supplement reference materials in teaching, research and production of Solanna Golden SPHERE flower species .


1.3.2. Practical significance

- The project selected a new promising substrate with high adaptability, good flower yield and quality, meeting the production requirements of the Solanna Golden SPHERE flower species .

- Propose some technical measures for caring for potted flowers, to apply to potted flower production in Vietnam using Israeli technology.


PART 2

DOCUMENT OVERVIEW


2.1. Origin of flowering plants in nature

2.1.1. Concept of "Flower"

Since humans escaped the life of gathering and learned to raise plants and animals, flowers also began to appear and were closely associated with humans. Flowers and ornamental plants are used to refer to plants grown for the purpose of decoration and enjoying their beauty. That is why the history of flower cultivation has always been closely associated with agricultural production and construction.

A flower is a part containing the reproductive organ, characteristic of flowering plants, specifically a shortened shoot bearing modified leaves that serves the reproductive function of the plant (Wikipedia.org).

2.1.2. Origin, classification of flowers, ornamental plants and usage value

2.1.2.1. Origin

In the world, growing flowers and ornamental plants has existed for a long time, ancient Oriental gardens, including ancient Chinese gardens were the earliest: from 2800 years BC. After 30 centuries of development, ancient Western gardens had modern methods of arrangement and construction in the style of multifunctional gardens. From the 20th century onwards, the flower and ornamental plant growing industry has truly become a commodity production industry and has international trade exchanges.

In Vietnam, history developed more slowly: the gardens of the ancient capital of Hue are images of gardens in the style of ancient Chinese gardens, but still have unique features of the country and people of Vietnam. From 1990 to 2000, there was a massive import of cut flowers, potted flowers, orchid varieties, phalaenopsis orchids, etc. from China and Thailand. And after 1990 until now, the area, output, varieties, and quality of flowers have continuously increased.

The artisans have put into bonsai their feelings, aesthetic ideas and characteristics, increasing the love of nature, love of people and love of the land.


water to assert and perfect oneself.

During the production process, humans have created varieties of plants with beautiful flowers, leaves, and shapes for enjoyment, thus the art of growing flowers and ornamental plants was born. The process of growing flowers and ornamental plants is always closely linked to human emotions, customs and national identity, closely linked to the development of the economy and cities and megacities.

2.1.2.2. Classification of ornamental flowers and plants

The classification of flowers and ornamental plants is very complicated, flowers and ornamental plants can be divided into 2 main groups:

- Group of flowering species: First of all, we must mention the orchid family with a large number of species, up to over 100 genera, nearly 2000 species, worth paying attention to some species of large genera such as Dendrobium with colorful flowers such as white, yellow, red, purple, large flowers, many flowers. Cymbidium lives on the ground, easy to grow, flowers are also diverse in color, long lasting, flower clusters are very long, sometimes up to several meters and there are up to 30-40 flower clusters planted in 1 bush.

- The group of ornamental plants and bonsai includes many families and has quite a large number of species:

+ Fern group: There is almost no research on the role of this group as ornamental plants, this is also a group with a very large number of species. In Vietnam, there are up to 2000 species, this group has unique leaf and stem shapes, can live in very special conditions: clinging to tree trunks, growing on soil, on rocks, on walls, drought tolerant, great dormancy ability, shade tolerant, favorable for cultivation.

+ Ginseng family (Araliceae): The Schefflera genus alone has up to 12 species, these are very good species for creating bonsai, bonsai, because they can live well in poor nutritional conditions, tolerate sunlight, easy to graft, prune. The lobed leaves have many unique shapes.

+ Arecaceae family: There are over 15 species, some species have beautiful shapes, are shade tolerant, and often live under the canopy of primary forests, some other species have straight, tall, and imposing trunks.

2.1.2.3. On economic value and use value

Going to any office or entertainment place, on the street, we will

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